Rushewa ta Musamman da Specter: duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da waɗannan larurar (Daddara)

An ɗauka cewa kusan kashi 20% na albarkatun wucin gadi da tattalin arziki waɗanda aka keɓe don ƙirƙirar sabon guntu suna zuwa ƙirar kanta, yayin da sauran, wato, lokaci mai yawa da kuɗi, ke zuwa kwaikwayon, gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar don tabbatar da cewa komai na aiki daidai. Da kyau, da alama wasu masana'antun basuyi abubuwa daidai da samfuran su ba, kuma hakane batun IntelKamar yadda za mu gani, ba shi kaɗai abin ya shafa ba, amma ya riga ya sami matsaloli da yawa game da kwakwalwansa, daga sanannen matsala ta shawagi, ta hanyar sauran gazawar da ke cikin kwakwalwarta, zuwa ga raunin da aka gano a cikin Injin Injiniya, kuma yanzu wannan ...

Dukkanin hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a da kafofin watsa labaru sun cika da labarai, dan sun sami sabani game da wannan shari'ar wacce zata bayar da abubuwa da yawa game da ita kuma ina baku shawara da kuyi kwalliyar fulawa mai kyau don kallon wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu, tunda wannan kawai adalci ne fara. Sabili da haka, don masu amfani, musamman na Linux, kada su ɓace da bayanai da yawa kuma su sani yadda za ayi aiki kuma menene suke bin, ban da san ko ya shafe su, zamu buga wannan labarin a cikin LxA.

Menene Specter da narkewa?

Wataƙila matsalar Rowhammer da muka riga muka gani ba ta da wata mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da zurfin da wannan matsalar take samu. Da alama kun riga kun ji sanannun sunaye da ke haifar da tsoro, kuma waɗannan suna Rushewa da Specter. Wadannan hare-haren da zasu iya kawo cikas ga tsaron mu suna amfani da wasu sifofi kamar aiwatar da tsari ba tare da izini ba da aiwatar da zato wanda ake aiwatarwa a cikin dukkan masu sarrafawa na zamani don inganta aikin. Za mu bayyana abin da kowannensu yake cikin sassan:

• Sanardawa: ana kiran shi saboda yana narke iyakokin tsaro tsakanin aikace-aikacen da kayan aikin suka sanya, duk da cewa a cikin bayanan MITER an san shi da CVE-2017-5754. Wannan shine mafi girman matsalolin da aka gano kuma ya shafi masu sarrafa Intel da aka saki a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Saboda wannan yanayin rauni, tsari mara izini na iya samun damar yankin da aka tanada don ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda babbar matsalar tsaro ce. Misali, ana iya zubar da wuraren ƙwaƙwalwar RAM. Facin don magance wannan yanayin rauni ya lalata aikin sosai.
• Specter: sunansa ya ta'allaka ne da yadda yake wahalar warware shi, saboda haka azaman bakan zai bi mu na dogon lokaci. Ya bayyana a cikin wasu bambance-bambancen karatu (CVE-2017-5753 da CVE-2017-5717), kasancewar yana da matukar wahala, tunda yana iya ba da damar aiwatar da wani abu don "yiwa dabarar" kwayar halittar cikin bayanan dake motsawa daga yankuna masu ƙwaƙwalwar da wannan tsarin ke sarrafawa, Watau, yana katse shingen tsakanin aikace-aikace. A wannan yanayin, yana shafar ƙarin microprocessors, amma ana iya gyara shi tare da sauye-sauye na software mai sauƙi kuma asarar aikin ba ta da amfani ...

Wannan duka game da Meltdown da Specter an bayyana su a hanya mai sauƙi kuma ba tare da amfani da yare na fasaha sosai ba don kowa ya fahimta. A ƙarshe abin da muka gani shine cewa Meltdown da Specter na iya samun damar bayanan da aka adana a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar shirye-shiryen da ke gudana kuma wannan tare da amfani da lambar ƙeta barazana ce. Yanzu, ta yaya wannan zai iya shafan ni? To, amsar ita ma mai sauƙi ce, tunda za su iya ba da izini gyara bayanai, tace kalmomin shiga da bayanan sirri, hotuna, imel, bayanan tsari, da sauransu.. Saboda haka babbar matsalar tsaro ce, mai yiwuwa ɗayan mafi girma ne a cikin kwanan nan.

Linus Torvalds yayi magana

Linus Torvalds, mahaliccin NVIDIA Fuck you! Yanzu da alama ya yiwa Intel wayar da kai don babban kuskuren da suka tafka. Kuma a cikin maganganun tattaunawa game da matsalar da ta kasance saboda tasirin kwayar Linux, ba a sanya kalmomin farko na mahalicci su jira:

Me yasa duk wannan ba tare da zaɓuɓɓukan sanyi ba? Wani ƙwararren injiniyan CPU zai gyara wannan ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa jita-jita ba ta ratsa yankunan kariya. […] Ina ganin INtel yana buƙatar duba CPUs ɗin su, kuma ya yarda da gaske cewa suna da matsala maimakon rubuta PR buzz yana cewa komai yana aiki yadda suka tsara shi. (Dangane da bayanan Intel). ...kuma wannan yana nufin da gaske cewa duk waɗannan facin don magance matsalar ya kamata a rubuta tare da "ba duk CPUs bane datti" a hankali.. (Dangane da facin da ake amfani da shi kuma yana shafar dukkan microprocessors x86-64 gami da AMD duk da cewa ba a same shi da sakamakon yin aiki ba) Ko kuma Intel tana cewa 'muna da ƙwarin sayar da ku shit har abada har abada, ba mu taɓa gyara komai ba'? […] Domin idan hakane, watakila ya kamata mu fara dubawa zuwa bangaren mutane na ARM64 (Dangane da ko Intel zata magance matsalar ko a'a zata ci gaba da siyar da kayan matsala). Da fatan za a yi magana da gudanarwa. Domin na ga ainihin hanyoyi biyu:

1. Intel bata taɓa ikirarin gyara komai ba.
2. Ko waɗannan mafita suna da hanyar nakasassu.

Bayanan suna nuni zuwa lambar faci da ake amfani da shi yana illa ƙarancin aiki CPU kuma yana shafar duk masu sarrafawa a cikin wannan dangin, ko yanayin rauni ya shafe su. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa AMD ta nuna cewa suna aiki don hana microprocessors su ma samun asarar aikin facin tunda ba ta shafe su ba.

Waɗanne masu sarrafawa suke tasiri?

Wannan ita ce tambayar dala miliyan, tunda ba kawai ya shafi Linux nesa da shi ba, Matsalar guntu ce kuma saboda haka tana shafar duka macOS, Windows, Android har ma da iOS, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka ba wani abu bane takamaimai, kuma yanzu zamu ga waɗanne kwakwalwan da wannan matsalar ƙirar ta shafa:

Microprocessors waɗanda Meltdown ya shafa:

A zahiri duk microprocessors na Intel waɗanda aka ƙera tun 1995 Har zuwa yanzu wannan babbar matsalar ta shafe su, tunda yana amfani da aiwatarwar ba tare da tsari ba don amfani da shi. Wannan yana nufin kwamfyutocin tafi-da-gidanka, kwamfyutocin komputa, sabobin, da manyan kwamfutoci masu amfani da waɗannan na'urori, har ma da wasu na'urorin hannu tare da kwakwalwan Atom, da sauransu Abubuwan da aka keɓance sune Atom na Intel waɗanda suke amfani da aiwatarwa cikin tsari (waɗanda suka fito gabanin 2013, tunda Atoms na zamani suna amfani da OoOE) da kuma Intel Itanium wanda babu wanda zai sameshi a gida tunda an yi nufin manyan injina.

* MINTI KARSHE: ARM Cortex-A75 shima Meltdown ya shafa. A halin yanzu wannan samfurin kawai ana ganin abin zai shafa, amma kun riga kun san cewa ARM ta ba da lasisin IP na sauran masu zanen SoC kuma idan suna da Cortex-A75 suma za a shafa musu. Amma da alama tasirin ya zama kadan a cikin wannan yanayin ...

da AMD da microprocessors na tushen ARM (Qualcomm, Samsung, Apple, Mediatek, da dai sauransu) wannan matsalar bata shafesu ba. Idan kana da ɗayan waɗannan kwakwalwan zaka iya numfashi da sauki... Wannan ya sa an sayar da hannun jarin Intel kuma sun faɗi a cikin kasuwar hannun jari ta hanya mai kyau a daidai lokacin da AMD ya karu. Dalilin kuwa shine cewa AMD baya bada izinin ambaton ƙwaƙwalwar wannan nau'in, gami da bayanan zato, saboda haka ba zai yuwu ba ga Meltdown.

Microprocessors na Specter Ya Shafi:

A wannan yanayin an faɗaɗa adadin na'urori da kwakwalwan da abin ya shafa, tunda munga yadda Allunan, wayoyin hannu, tebur, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, sabobin, supercomputers, da dai sauransu. ana shafawa. A wannan yanayin, kwakwalwan Intel suna da matsala, duk waɗannan ARM Cortex-A, da AMD ɗin suma ana iya shafar su.

* A game da ARM, yana shafar adadi mai yawa na SoCs waɗanda ke aiwatar da ƙirar da aka gyara ko kayan aikin ARM na IP a ciki kamar na Qualcomm Snapdragon, Samsung Exynox, Apple A-Series, Mediatek, NVIDIA (Ba ina nufin GPUs ba, amma don ARM na tushen SoCs), da dai sauransu.

*** Wasu kafofin watsa labaru sun rikita labarai, amma GPUs basu shafe ba (duba UPDATE (minti na karshe)).

** Yanzu zamu tafi game da batun AMD, a shafin yanar gizon hukuma na mai tsara CPU zamu iya ganin tebur wanda zai kai mu ga fata kuma ya bar mu da kwanciyar hankali:

Bambance-bambance a cikin ƙirar AMD na guje wa matsalolin da Meltdown ya haifar, saboda waɗannan CPUs ba sa yin la'akari da nauyin lambar mai amfani kai tsaye cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kernel. Kuma AMD ASID kuma yana toshe lamura don baƙon VMs da tushen masu amfani akan waɗannan.

Microprocessors BA shafi Specter:

Wannan jerin abubuwan microprocessors ba su da rauni kamar Specter saboda tashar koyarwar su ta fi tsauri kuma ana yin su cikin tsari (ba su ba OoOE microarchitectures) ko saboda sun haɗa da halaye da ke basu kariyas Wasu na iya zama da alama sun tsufa, amma wasu suna zamani kamar yadda lamarin yake SPARC da AMD Zen. Don haka idan kuna da CPU wanda yake cikin jerin masu zuwa baku da damuwa da komai:

• ARarfin karfi
• superSPARC
• Transmeta Crusoe da Efficeon
• Farashin PC603
• Tsohon x86: Pentium I da clones, duk tsofaffin kwakwalwan 8-bit da 16-bit, IDT WinChip, VIA C3, 386 da clones, 486 da clones
• z80
• 6500 da makamantansu
• 68k
• ARM Cortex-A7 MPCore (Rasberi Pi 2)
• Baƙon kai ARM-A5
• ARM Cortex-A53 MPCore kodayake yana da aiwatarwa daban-daban fiye da waɗanda suka gabata kuma tare da ɓatarwa, da alama ba abin ya shafa ba. Waɗanda ke cikin Rasberi Pi 3 da wasu wayoyin komai da ruwanka da ƙananan kwamfutoci kamar su Qualcomm Snapdragon 625 an haɗa su anan ...
• Intel Atom kafin 2013, ma'ana, wadanda suka dogara da microarchitectures kamar su Diamondville, Silverthorne, Pineview, da dai sauransu-, tunda basa amfani da kisa ba tare da tsari ba.
• VIA C7 yana amfani da tsarin tsinkayen reshe na asali amma hakan bai shafe su ba.
• Intel Itanium (IA-64)
• IBM POWER6 yana da iyakantaccen annabcin reshe don haka ya zama mara tabbas.
• Xeon Phi da GPGPUs
• SPARC T Jerin
• AMD Zen: Ryzen da EPyC microprocessors suna da ayyuka masu ban sha'awa don iya katsewa ko zama mara rauni ga Specter. Wannan daidaitaccen abin da zanyi magana akansa shine SME / SEV (Amintaccen orywaorywalwar orywaƙwalwar ajiya & urewarewar Sirrin Virwarewa) wanda zai guji duk wani ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda zai iya lalata tsarin da yanayin haɓaka.

Mene ne mafita?

aplicar faci ko sabunta tsarinmu, komai, kuma tare da Facin Zamu sami asarar aiki da yawa wanda zamu iya bayyana abin da yake a karshen, amma aƙalla a matakin tsaro zamu sami ƙarin kariya. Ka ce cewa akwai alamun da ke kan Meltdown don Linux, da sauran tsarin aiki. Mafi munin abu shine dangane da na'urorin Android, ba dukansu suke da sabuntawar OTA ba ...

Kuna iya gani ƙarin bayani game da shi a cikin waɗannan hanyoyin:

• Jerin aikawa da Linux na Kernel
• Tsarin Xen
• Intel
• AMD
• hannu
• Google
• Mozilla
• Debian
• Ubuntu
• SUSE
• Red Hat
• CERT
• VMWare
• Citrix

Menene asarar aiki?

Mun sadu da mafita biyu:

1. Ta software: Ya haɗa da aiwatar da faci na macOS, Linux, Windows, iOS da tsarin aiki na Android, amma waɗannan rashin alheri ba wai kawai magance matsalar tsaro bane amma zai sa tsarinmu ya zama sannu a hankali saboda yadda suke shafar wannan aiwatarwar ba tare da tsari ba. aiwatarwa ko share TLB ɗin CPU ɗinmu tare da sanannen asarar aiki. Wadansu sunyi magana har zuwa kashi 50% ƙasa da aiki a cikin CPU ɗinmu, wasu ƙananan tsinkaya marasa kyau suna magana akan tsakanin 5 da 30% na ɓataccen aiki dangane da nau'in software ɗin da muke gudanarwa. Wasu suna ƙoƙari su kwantar da ƙararrawa kuma suna da'awar cewa wasu wasanni na bidiyo da aka gwada sun ba da asarar 2% kawai a cikin aiki dangane da FPS (kawai a cikin batun Linux, a cikin Windows ba a bincika su ba), tuni hakan a cikin wasan bidiyo wasan da kyar yake tambaya ya tsallaka zuwa sararin kernel, amma menene ya faru da sauran shirye-shirye da kuma software wanda lambar sa tana da umarnin dogaro da yanayin yawa ... Anan asarar wasan na iya zama babba. Abin da yake tabbatacce shi ne cewa wasu kamar Intel da sauran rukunin yanar gizo sun yi ƙoƙari su kwantar da masu amfani kuma suna cewa asarar aikin ba zai zama abin godiya ga yawancin masu amfani da gida ba kuma matsala ce da za ta shafi cibiyoyin bayanai, sabobin, da sauransu da kuma manyan kwamfutoci Waɗanne tsinkaya ne muka yi imani da su? Gaskiyar ita ce dole ne ku natsu kuma ku ga abin da zai faru.
2. Ta hanyar kayan aiki: Ya haɗa da sake duba kwakwalwan kwamfuta na yanzu da kuma sake fasalin ƙananan microarchitectures na yanzu saboda wannan bai faru ba, wanda ke ɗaukar lokaci, mai tsada sosai, kuma ba zamu iya tsammanin mafita ba da daɗewa ba. Game da Intel kuwa tana yanke shawarar maye gurbin kwakwalwan duk kwastomomin da abin ya shafa, ina ganin mafi amsar ita ce: hahaha, ka zauna. Wannan yana nufin asarar miliyoyin dala ga kamfanin kuma banyi tsammanin hakan zai faru ba.

Rashin asara a cikin aiki ba za a ji shi a duk amfani ba kuma duk ƙirar CPU a cikin hanya ɗaya, a bayyane yake, don haka za a sami samfuran da suka fi wasu tasiri. Kuma yana da wata babbar karuwa biya bashin tsara mai zuwa kuma ga cewa ɗayan waɗannan facin ba za ku iya amfanuwa da aikinta zuwa 100% ba, amma abin da ke akwai lokacin da wasu ba sa yin aikinsu da kyau.

Manyan cibiyoyin bayanai kamar na Sabis ɗin Yanar gizo na Amazon, Microsoft Azure da kuma Google Cloud Saboda wannan matsalar, yayin amfani da microprocessors na Intel a cikin sabar su, ana kiyasta asarar aiki kusan 20% a cikin waɗannan yanayin inda ake sarrafa bayanan SQL. Hakanan gaskiya ne cewa wasu kamar Google suna faɗin raunin aikin ba komai bane.

GASKIYA (Sa'a ta ƙarshe):

Yayinda awowi ke tafiya muna koyon sabbin abubuwa game da wannan lamarin:

• Ofayansu shine karar Intel ba a sanya jira ba. Musamman, babban guntu ya karɓi uku daga Amurka kuma mai yiwuwa ƙarin zai zo. Kotuna a California, Indiana da Oregon sun kasance farkon waɗanda suka fara aiki a kan zargin kamar yadda rashin bayyana kasancewar rauni a cikin lokaci, rage masu sarrafa su ta hanyar sabuntawa kuma sun kasa kare lafiyar masu amfani.
• Hannayen jari na Intel suna ta fadi yayin da AMD ke sake dawowa, hakan kuma ya bayyana wani aiki wanda da ba a san shi ba idan hakan bai faru ba. Kuma hakane Shugaban Kamfanin Intel ya sayar da kusan rabin hannun jarinsa cikin wata guda kafin a bayyana matsalar tsaro. Brian Krzanich ya zubar da nasa hannun jari kuma wannan, kodayake sun ce daga kamfanin cewa ba shi da alaƙa da labarin, zai iya haifar da tunanin cewa sun riga sun san matsalar tun farko kuma shi ya sa suka yi daidai.
• Bayyana sabbin gine-ginen da matsalar ta shafaKodayake waɗannan ba su da yawa, suna da mahimmanci a cikin sabobin da manyan kwamfutoci. Muna magana ne game da IBM POWER8 (Little Endian da Big Endian), IBM System Z, IBM POWER9 (Little Endian) kuma za mu ga ko dole ne mu fadada jerin ba da daɗewa ba.
• El An sake tsara kernel na Linux patched don hana manyan cibiyoyin bayanai, sabobin, da manyan tsarin da suka dogara da shi daga mummunan tasiri. Musamman, an taɓa KPTI (Keɓaɓɓen Shafin Shafin Kernel), wanda a da aka san shi da KAISER ko kuma FUCKWIT a haɗe (da Unarfafa Cikakken Kernel Tare da Rarraba Trampolines), wanda ya fi dacewa keɓe sararin mai amfani daga sararin kernel cikin ƙwaƙwalwa ta rarraba abubuwan a ciki tebur biyu na kallo daban. Raba tebur yana tsarkakewa koyaushe TLB cache tare da karuwar sakamakon aibi da kuma buƙatar ƙarin zagaye na agogo don bincika bayanai da umarni a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa, ma'ana, yana rage aikin sosai kuma ya danganta da tsarin kiran da shirin yayi, zai shafi fiye ko lessasa, amma a a kalla guje wa narkewar narkewa. An ƙara wasu kariya masu aiki kamar ASLR kuma an aiwatar dasu a cikin Linux 4.14.11 da wasu nau'ikan LTS na baya: 4.9.74, 4.4.109, 3.16.52, 3.18.91 da 3.2.97.
• Kimanin asarar ayyukan mafi yawan waɗanda ke yanzu suna magana game da asarar kashi 5% bisa ga abin da Linus Torvalds yayi sharhi, amma kuma ya ce a cikin tsofaffin CPUs waɗanda ba su haɗa da PCID tasirin zai fi girma ba.
• A halin yanzu masu binciken tsaro ba su yarda cewa an yi amfani da waɗannan gazawar ba don kai hare-hare, aƙalla mahimman abubuwa.
• Luke Wagner daga Mozilla, wani injiniyan da ya kware a JavaScript da kuma WebAssembly ya yi ikirarin cewa sun yi PoC kuma an tabbatar da cewa za a iya aiwatar da hare-hare na JavaScript ta hanyar masu bincike. Saboda haka sun riga suna aiki akan mafita ... Google kuma yana aiki don sabunta Google Chrome kuma a ranar 23 ga Janairu Janairu 64 za'a buga shi tare da gyara. A halin yanzu zamu iya yin haka:
  • Mozilla Firefox: Babu wani abu da yawa da zasu yi, sun kasance suna kula da sabunta juzu'in su daga 57 ta hanyar sauya aikin. Yanzu () da kuma kashe fasalin SharedArrayBuffer kuma suna aiki akan wasu matakan tsaro.
  • Google Chrome: a halin yanzu zaka iya kunna hanyoyin kariya don ware gidajen yanar gizo da hannu. Don wannan zaka iya samun damar adireshin chrome: // tutoci / # kunna-site-ta-tsari kuma muna ba da damar zaɓin da aka yiwa alama a rawaya wanda ke faɗin Rubutun Yanar Gizo. Idan kana da Chrome akan Android zaka iya samun damar wannan zaɓi a ciki Chrome: // flags amma yana iya haifar da rikice-rikice ko asarar aiki.
• Facin gyara matsalolin suna haifar da wasu fiye da aikin su. A cikin Windows, alal misali, akwai matsaloli tare da wasu ƙwayoyin riga-kafi kuma an samar da su shuɗin allo daga rikici. Don haka kuna buƙatar riga-kafi mai jituwa ...
• Google yana aiki akan sabuntawa wanda za a buga a yau Janairu 5, 2018 don Android, amma kawai zai isa ga wayoyin da ke goyan bayan sabuntawar OTA, na farko zai zama Pixel 2 kuma sauran zasu dogara ne da masana'antar tashar mu ...
• apple Hakanan yana shirya faci na iOS da na macOS amma basuyi wani bayani ba a halin yanzu ... Da alama a macOS High Sierra 10.13.2 an ga alama an warware matsalar, amma da alama a cikin sigar 10.13.3 za'a zama mafi labarai. Za mu ga abin da suke yi da iOS don wayoyinsu na iPhone da iPads.
• hannu Hakanan yana bayar da faci ga masu sarrafa shi wanda ya shafa, kuma yanzu ana samun faci don kwayar Linux tare da tunatar da mu amfani da ARM Trusted Firmware don ƙarin tsaro.
• Inabin giya da amfani da ita Su ne nau'ikan software waɗanda zasu iya samun asara mafi yawa yayin aiwatarwar su saboda yawan fitattun wurare masu mahimmanci don aiwatar dasu.
• Ba kwamfutoci kaɗai abin ya shafa ba da na'urorin hannu, da sauran na'urori kamar motocin da aka haɗa, tsarin masana'antu waɗanda ke da SoCs dangane da guntuwar da abin ya shafa, sarrafa gida, wasu samfuran IoT, da sauransu.
• NVIDIA ta sabunta direbobin ta don samfuran su na GeGorce, Quadro da NVS saboda Specter zai iya shafar su a cikin mai sarrafa su, shi yasa suka ruga don sabunta direbobin. Amma ba zai shafi GPU da kanta ba ... sabuntawa ne mai sauƙi don kauce wa amfani a cikin tsarin rauni, da masu bincike, riga-kafi, da sauran software. Labaran GPU da abun ya shafa karya ne ...
• Fadada gine-ginen da abin ya shafa, Kun riga kun san cewa Meltdown matsalar Intel ne kawai (duka ARM da AMD ba su sami matsala a cikin PoCs da aka yi da kyau ba), yayin da Specter kuma yana shafar:

• A halin yanzu Intel na ci gaba da ƙaddamar da samfuran da abin ya shafa zuwa kasuwa ba tare da gyara komai ba sama da faci.Ko za ku sayi microprocessor a yau wanda kuka san abin ya shafa? Ba wai kawai ana sayar da tsofaffin samfuran har yanzu a cikin haja ba, har ma da samfuran da aka ƙaddamar yanzu waɗanda suka bar masana'anta kamar Kogin Coffe ...
• Zamu ci gaba da fadada bayanai da kuma jiran lokacin karshe, tunda akwai yiwuwar sabbin matakan tsaro zasu bayyana kuma yana yiwuwa kuma za'a sake sabbin bambance-bambancen da zasu iya ci gaba da haifar da matsaloli ...

Kamar yadda nace an fara wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu, kuma ina da ra'ayin cewa za a rubuta yawancin wannan labarai wanda ya zama BABBAN RASHIN TSARO A CIKIN TARIHI:

Kar ka manta da barin ra'ayoyin kuIdan kuna da sharhi don ƙarawa, shakku, ko menene.