Supercomputers sun zarce saurin lissafin kwamfutocin tebur.
Kowace shekara a Linux Adictos Muna sake maimaita buga jerin manyan kwamfutoci 500 mafi girma a duniya. Kuma a cikin labarin da ya gabata Na gaya muku game da Frontier, wanda a halin yanzu ba wai kawai ya fi sauri a duniya ba har ma da mafi kyawun aiki a duniya.
Como yana da ban sha'awa koyaushe sanin yadda muka zo nan, bari mu tafi tare da taƙaitaccen tarihin supercomputers.
Menene supercomputer?
Ƙungiya ce da ke da ikon aiwatar da dogon lokaci mai rikitarwa da ƙididdiga cikin babban gudu. Ana auna aikin babban kwamfuta a cikin ayyukan iyo a cikin sakan daya (FLOPS) maimakon miliyoyin umarni a sakan daya (MIPS).
Ana amfani da manyan kwamfutoci a cikin fage na ayyukan da ke buƙatar yin amfani da ƙididdiga sosai. irin su injiniyoyi masu yawa, hasashen yanayi, binciken yanayi, binciken man fetur da iskar gas, ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta (ƙididdigar sifofi da kaddarorin mahaɗan sinadarai, macromolecules na halitta, polymers, da lu'ulu'u), da kwaikwaiyon ilimin kimiyyar lissafi irin na kwamfuta. na sararin samaniya, aerodynamics na jiragen sama da na sararin samaniya, fashewar makaman nukiliya da haɗin gwiwar nukiliya. Hakanan a cikin ƙirƙira da karya amintattun hanyoyin ɓoyewa.
Takaitaccen tarihin supercomputers
A cikin 1956, wata ƙungiya a Jami'ar Manchester a Burtaniya ta fara haɓaka MUSE. Burinsa shi ne ya gina na’ura mai kwakwalwa wadda za ta iya aiki da saurin sarrafawa kusa da dakika daya a kowace koyarwa, wato kusan umarni miliyan daya a cikin dakika daya. Jim kadan bayan haka, an canza sunan aikin zuwa Atlas.
An fara aikin Atlas na farko a hukumance a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1962, kuma an ɗauka a lokacin ƙaddamar da shi a matsayin kwamfuta mafi ƙarfi a duniya. Atlas ya fara yin amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai kama da rubutu a matsayin hanya don faɗaɗa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar aiki ta hanyar haɗa kalmomin 16 na babban ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ƙarin kalmomin 384. ƙwaƙwalwar baturi na biyu.
Kwamfuta ta farko da ta fito daga wani kamfani mai zaman kansa ta fito ne daga wani kamfani da gungun injiniyoyin kwamfuta suka kafa a shekarar 1957, ciki har da Seymour Cray, wanda daga baya zai zama daya daga cikin fitattun mutane a masana'antar. Ana kiran kamfanin Control Data Corporation kuma ya samar da kwamfuta mai suna CDC 6000 wanda ya ƙunshi transistor dubu ɗari huɗu, mil ɗari na wiring, sabon tsarin sanyaya da ikon rikodin rikodin lokacin 3 megaFLOPS.. Wannan kwamfuta ta bayyana a shekarar 1964
Sirrin saurin CDC 6600 ya shiga iyawarta ta raba aiki tare da abubuwan da ke ba da damar CPU sadaukar da kai kawai ga sarrafa bayanai. Yaren shirye-shirye shine FORTRAN.
A cikin 1968, Cray ya samar da CDC 7600 wanda kuma ya sami lakabin kwamfuta mafi sauri a duniya.. Gudu a 36 MHz, 7600 yana da sau 3,6 na saurin agogo na 6600, amma bai yi nasara a kasuwanci kamar yadda aka zata ba. kuma Cray ya bar CDC a 1972 don kafa nasa kamfani.
Ba tare da sa hannun ku ba, CDC ta samar da STAR-100 mai gudun megaFLOPS 100, wato sau uku gudun wanda ya gabace shi. da kuma amfani da abin da ake kira vector sarrafa, wato CPU an ƙera shi don yin lissafin lissafi da yawa a lokaci guda.
Tuni a cikin kamfaninsa, Seymour Cray ya samar da samfura uku
- CRAY-1: Ya kasance daga 1976 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin na'urori masu amfani da kwamfuta na farko don amfani da haɗaɗɗen da'irori kuma yayi aiki a gudun megaFLOPS 160.
- CRAY X-MP: Ya bayyana a cikin 1982 yana ƙara masu sarrafawa 4 da ƙarin bandwidth ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya zuwa ƙirar da ta gabata. Adadin lissafinsa shine 800 megaFLOPS.
- CRAY-2: Wannan kwamfutar ta 1985 tana da sanyaya ruwa da kuma saurin lissafin 1,9 gigaFLOPS.
Kamar sauran majagaba, Cray ya kasa gano canjin yanayin kuma kamfaninsa ya shigar da karar a cikin 1995. A halin yanzu, masu fafatawa a gasar sun rungumi tsarin na yanzu na layi daya da kwamfuta wanda a cikinsa aka raba aiki tsakanin na'urori biyu ko fiye da ke da alhakin magance shi lokaci guda.