Yadda za a gyara GRUB ba tare da LiveCD ba?

Babu shakka zuwa duk ya faru da mu a wani lokaci cewa lokacin da ka kunna kwamfutarka kuma jira komai ya fara daidai Shin kun haɗu da mummunan allo cewa fiye da ɗaya yana tsoron gani, idan ina nufin cewa kun sami saƙon nan mai zuwa:

"Kuskure ba irin wannan na'urar ba
Ceto ceto "

Mafi munin abu shine lokacin da baka san abin da zakayi ba, kana tunanin komai ya lalace kuma dole ne ka gyara komputarka, amma idan kana da wasu gogewa, zaka san cewa lallai ne ka nemi hanyar rayuwa daga yadda kake rarrabawa , amma abin da ke faruwa lokacin da ba ku da shi a hannu.

Amma wannan ba komai bane dole ne mu fahimci abin da ke haifar da wannan matsalar.

Na farko babban dalilin wannan kuskuren saboda bututunmu ya lalaceKo ma wane irin dalili ne, ta hanyar sabunta wani Kernel ne, tsarin ko aikace-aikacen ko kuma rashin kulawa, kawai ka lalata fayil a wannan bangare na tsarin ka.

Grid ɗin yana cikin cikin babban fayil ɗin / taya, wannan a wasu shigarwar al'ada galibi ana girka su a cikin wani bangare na daban.

Yanzu an fahimci lalacewa, dole ne mu samu aiki, saboda wannan ba zamu mallaki komai ba face tashar ƙaunataccenmu.

Kodayake mutane da yawa suna tsoron yin aiki ba tare da yanayin zane ba, bari in gaya muku cewa abu ne na kowa. kawai dai dan sanya haƙurin ka anan kuma fiye da duka ina tabbatar muku da cewa, idan kuka yi la'akari da cewa baku da masaniya game da wannan, zaku koyi sabon abu kuma ku fahimci mafi mahimman dokokin da ake amfani dasu a cikin Linux.

Magani

Zamu fara da umarni na farko wannan shine "ls" da shi za a nuna mana dukkan kundayen adireshi da fayilolin da suke ciki.

Buga ls akan allon "grub rescue>"
Zai nuna bangarorin aiki, wani abu mai kama da wannan:

(hd0) (hd0,1) (hd0,2) (hd0,3) (hd0,4)(hd1) (hd1,1) (hd1,2)

Ina hdx shine rumbun kwamfutarkaIdan muna da fiye da ɗaya da aka haɗa, lambar za ta bambanta, a wurina ina da fayafai biyu. A cikin (hdx, #) inda # shine lambar rabo, wannan shine yadda aka saita shi kuma yadda zamu gano su.

Yanzu dole ne mu nemo inda ake ɗaukar bakuncin a cikin sassan da suka tura mana. Don shi Dole ne kawai mu buga ls + da / bangare
Kasancewa kamar haka

ls (hd0,1)/

Wannan hanyar Zamu fara binciken / jakar fayil a cikin jerin bangarorin da muke nunawa a baya, yana da mahimmanci kar a manta da / tunda abin da muke faɗi shi ne cewa ya nuna mana jerin kundin adireshin da ya ƙunsa.

Ya gano bangare a ina aka dauki bakuncin gurnati, dole ne yanzu mu tabbatar da cewa ya ƙunshi fayilolin da ake buƙata don gyara takalmin tsarin mu don wannan kawai muna ƙara waɗannan zuwa umarnin da ya gabata.

Da alama cewa babban fayil ɗin boot yana cikin faifan farko akan ɓangarenka na farko:

ls (hd0,1)/boot/grub

Bayanai sun tabbatar dole ne mu ƙara prefix daidai da babban fayil muna yin wannan tare da wannan umarnin:

set prefix=(hd0,1)/boot/grub

Da zarar an gama wannan za mu ci gaba tilasta ɗaukar madaidaicin tsari saboda wannan zamu tallafawa kanmu daga rashin tsari

insmod (hd0,1)/boot/grub/linux.mod

Idan kuna da shakku game da yadda fayilolin suke a cikin babban fayil ɗin boot ɗinku, ku tuna da umarnin ls, wannan shine mafi kyawun abokinku yayin wannan aikin.

Yanzu zamu ci gaba gaya wa tsarin asalin burbushin saboda wannan muna yin shi da wannan umarnin:

set root=(hd0,1)

A ƙarshe za mu ci gaba da ɗora Kernel zuwa gurnani Don wannan muna amfani da umarnin mai zuwa, bayani ne kawai anan tunda kowa yana da nau'ikan daban na Kernel, ku tuna da umarnin ls don tabbatar da wacce kuke da ita, koyaushe amfani da sigar da tafi ta yanzu.

linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.3-generic-generic root=/dev/sda1

solo dole ne a nan mu bayyana maɓallin inda yake kamar yadda na ambata nominclatures na rabe-raben a nan dole ne tuni muyi amfani da wadanda muke yawan amfani dasu a ina
hd0,1 zai zama / dev / sda1 hd1,1 / dev / sdb1 da dai sauransu

A ƙarshe, kawai muna gudanar da wannan umarnin kuma da wannan zamu iya ganin zabin mu don fara tsarin mu:

boot

A matsayina na aiki na ƙarshe, kawai zamu sake shigar da ƙara don wannan muna aiwatar da wannan umarni:

grub-install /dev/sdX

Inda sdx yake inda kake shigar da tsarinka.