Game da ka'idar BitTorrent. Wasu bayanai na aikin sa

en el previous article na fara taƙaitaccen gabatarwar yadda ka'idar BitTorrent ke aiki wacce ita ce hanyar da na fi so na raba fayiloli akan cibiyoyin sadarwar P2P. Mun yarda cewa tsarin ya ƙunshi ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin torrent da raba shi ta hanyar tracker (Server wanda ke da alhakin sadar da sauran hanyar sadarwa samuwa da wurin da fayil yake da kuma inda za a same shi). Wani madadin shine yin amfani da hanyar haɗi na maganadisu, wanda zaku bincika kumburi ta kumburi da shi har sai kun sami fayil ɗin. Haka tsarin ya ci gaba.

Dole ne a bayyana cewa crawler yana kama da shafukan rawaya. Ya ƙunshi bayanai kawai kan inda za a sami wani abu, amma baya shiga kai tsaye a cikin musayar.

Lokacin da wani memba na swarm (Saiti na kwamfutocin da aka haɗa da hanyar sadarwa) yana da sha'awar fayil ɗin yana farawa ta hanyar zazzage gutsuttsuransa (Zan yi cikakken bayani game da hakan daga baya.) Bayan kai wani matakin fitarwa fara raba waɗancan fayilolin tare da wasu abokan ciniki masu sha'awar fayil iri ɗaya. Wato, duk wanda ya zazzage wannan fayil ɗin yana ba da bandwidth ta yadda wasu kuma za su iya zazzage shi, yana ƙara sauri ga kowa.

Zazzage fayiloli akan ka'idar BitTorrent. Matsayi.

Yanzu ina so in yi bayani dalla-dalla dalla-dalla sassa daban-daban na cibiyar sadarwar BitTorrent da aikinsu.

The tracker

BitTorrent tracker Sabar uwar garken ce da ta shigar da software mai kula da tsaka-tsaki don canja wurin fayiloli tsakanin masu amfani. Uwar garken da aka ambata a baya baya daukar nauyin kwafin fayilolin tunda aikinsa shine kawai sanya ma'aurata su hadu.

Don musanya bayanai, mai sa ido da abokin ciniki ta amfani da tsari mai sauƙi akan HTTP mai kama da na mai amfani da ke shiga shafin yanar gizon. A cikin wannan musayar, abokan ciniki suna sanar da mai sa ido game da fayil ɗin da suke so su zazzagewa, IP da tashar jiragen ruwa, kuma mai bin sawun ya amsa tare da jerin takwarorinsu waɗanda ke zazzage fayil iri ɗaya da bayanan tuntuɓar su. Waɗanda suke jeri kusa da wanda kake son ƙarawa a zazzagewa sun haɗa da “swarm” da aka ambata a baya. Koyaya, ana iya guje wa wannan matakin tunda abokan ciniki na BitTorrent sun aiwatar da fasahar Rarraba Hash Table (DHT) wanda kowane kumburi zai ɗauki nauyin aikin tracker.

Fayil na torrent

Har ila yau ana kiransa metainfo, yana da tsawo .torrent kuma shine wanda ake saukewa daga yawancin gidajen yanar gizon da ke tattara raƙuman ruwa.

Wannan fayil ɗin ya ƙunshi rufaffiyar bayanai da suka haɗa da URL na rarrafe, sunan fayil, da hashes na sassan fayil ɗin don tabbatar da waɗanda aka sauke.. Don ƙirƙirar wannan fayil abokin ciniki na BitTorrent yana buƙatar wurin ainihin fayil ɗin da url na rarrafe.

Masu shuka iri

Daga lokacin da aka loda fayil ɗin a karon farko, ƙungiyar ana kiranta da mai-seder ko seeder kuma dole ne ta ci gaba da haɗa su da swarm har sai duk sauran swarm ɗin suna da kwafin fayil ɗin don wasu su ci gaba da zazzage shi. Hakanan ana amfani da laƙabin mai shuka ga abokan ciniki waɗanda, bayan zazzage fayil, har yanzu suna da cikakken haɗin kai don ba da damar wasu su shiga. Ya kamata a ambaci cewa ka'idar tana rama waɗanda suka raba ta hanyar ba ta fifiko a cikin zazzagewar.

Leechers (leches)

Ba lallai ba ne don memba na swarm ko takwarorinsu ya sami cikakken fayil ɗin don raba shi. Takwarorinsu waɗanda ba su da cikakken kwafin fayil ana kiransu lechers ko leech. Lechers suna tambayar mai binciken jerin sunayen sauran membobin taron waɗanda ke da sassan fayil ɗin da suka ɓace. Sa'an nan leecher zai ci gaba da zazzage ɓangaren da ake buƙata na ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan. Har ila yau, leecher zai ci gaba da rarraba sassan da aka riga an gama zazzage su, da zarar Leecher ya sauke dukkan sassan, ya inganta su tare da hashes da ke cikin fayil ɗin meta-information.

A cikin labarin na gaba za mu yi magana game da ka'idodin da ke tsara aiki tsakanin bangarorin.