Docker: duk game da kwantena

Kamar yadda kuka riga kuka sani, akwai nau'ikan amfani da ƙwarewa da yawa, ɗayansu shine ƙwarewa a matakin tsarin aiki, kuma ɗayan ayyukan da suka fi fice a wannan batun shine Dokin, tare da sauran ayyukan buɗe ido kamar OpenVZ, LXC / LXD, Linux-VServer, da sauransu, ko kuma mallakar software ta Virtuozzo. Idan kun san wannan duniyar ko kuma ku na yau da kullun ne a irin wannan rukunin yanar gizon, za ku riga kun san game da aikin wanda tambarin sa keɓaɓɓu ne (saboda haka taken ga waɗanda har yanzu ba su san shi ba), kuma sama da duk abin da za ku lura yadda a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kasancewar sa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai da sha'awa ke ta ƙaruwa sosai.

Kuma wannan sabon fasahar shine yanzu da kuma nan gaba, musamman tare da mummunan ci gaban ayyuka a ciki girgije game da abin da muka ambata sau da yawa. Docker, tsakanin sauran hanyoyin buɗewa da ayyukan kyauta, sune waɗanda ke ba da damar wannan faɗaɗa da manyan damar da muke buƙata daga gajimare. Amma menene Docker? Menene kwantena? Ta yaya yake aiki?

Docker da kwantena:

Ko da yake amsar tana da ɗan rikitarwa kuma zan bukaci da yawa daga cikin wadannan labaran, zanyi kokarin takaita shi. Koyaya, idan kuna buƙatar ƙarin sani game da wannan aikin mai ban sha'awa, akwai kyawawan littattafai kamar Alberto González, Red Hat Cloud Consultant na yanzu. Jagora ne mai amfani wanda zaku iya saya akan farashi mai sauƙi a ciki Amazon kamar yadda a cikin agape. Da kyau, tare da faɗin haka, bari mu san menene Docker.

Duk mun san hakan Kwantena Sun zama kayan aiki da ke da iko da yawa a cikin Linux, da kyau, ana iya aiwatar da su da sarrafa su ta hanyar software Docker. Kwantena ba komai bane face "akwatunan" da aka keɓe tare da abubuwan mahimmanci don iya gudanar da wani shiri ko aikace-aikace. Ana iya fahimtar wannan azaman na'urar kama-da-wane ta haske, maimakon cikakkun abubuwa masu nauyi waɗanda ake aiki dasu da cikakken iko. Wannan ragin yana fassara zuwa ƙananan sama.

Kwantena suna kawo haske, suma motsi, wadatar kai, da sassauci mai matukar sha'awar masu haɓaka. Duk godiya ga LXC daga kernel ɗin da muke so, Linux, da kuma aikin Docker kanta, tare da kwantena, hotuna da wuraren adana su. Kuma waɗannan fa'idodi ne suka kawo nasarar, wanda aka lura dashi ta hanyar sa hannun wasu manyan kamfanoni a cikin ɓangarorin kamar Google, Red Hat, IBM da Microsoft, tare da aiwatar da shi da kuma kyakkyawar tarba a manyan kamfanoni ayyukan girgije wanda duk muke amfani dashi a kullum (AWS, Digital Ocean,…).

Sanya Docker mataki-mataki:

Kuna da zabi da yawa shigar Docker, daga samun kwallan kwalba tare da lambar tushe da tattarawa, zuwa samun binaries daga wurare daban-daban da kuma sarrafa su tare da manajan kunshin na budeSUSE distro, Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, Fedora, da sauransu. Zai yiwu tare da kunshin binary ya fi dadi, amma don kar in tsawaita batun da yawa, zan gabatar da wata hanya madaidaiciya kuma ta duniya wacce ke aiki a kowane rarrabawa:

sudo curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh

Kamar yadda sauki kamar yadda cewa. Yanzu muna da shaidan da abokin harka, na biyun zai kasance wanda yake hulɗa da Doemon daemon kuma zai ba mu damar yin duk abin da wannan software ɗin ke bayarwa. Amma har yanzu akwai abin da za a yi, kuma wannan shine ɗaga sabis ɗin, ma'ana, fara daemon Docker. Don tsari zaka iya yin haka:

sudo systemctl enable docker

sudo systemctl start docker

Idan komai ya tafi daidai, zai riga ya zama mai aiki duka. Kuna iya duba shi tare da:

sudo systemctl status docker

Zamu iya fara amfani dashi yanzu ...

Matakan farko: ƙirƙirar akwati

Da kyau, kamar yadda kuka sani, ganga Kayan aiki ne tare da duk abin da ake buƙata don aikace-aikace ɗaya ko fiye don gudana, ma'ana, kwatankwacin na'ura ta kamala, amma mai haske ta dogara da mai masaukin don aiwatarwa. Don akwati ya yi aiki, dole ne ya sami ɗakunan karatu da ake buƙata don aiwatarwa, da kuma wasu abubuwan dogaro, kamar wasu kayan aikin kayan aiki. Tabbas, wani ɗayan ɓangarorin da ake buƙata shine yanayin lokacin gudu, ma'ana, yanayin aiwatarwa kamar masu fassara don yarukan da aka fassara, JVM, fayiloli tare da lamba ko binaries, da dai sauransu.

Akwai wasu asali umarni na Docker wanda zaku "motsa" dashi tare da muhalli, suna da yawa sosai, kamar bayani, saka, kashe, tsayawa, farawa, gini, ps, da sauransu. Don ganin su duka da abin da kowannensu yake, duk abin da za ku yi shi ne gudu:

docker

Don ƙarin bayani zaku iya tuntuba takaddun hukuma.

Taya zaka iya ƙirƙiri akwati tare da Docker? Da kyau, yanzu zamu bada misali, zamu ƙirƙiri akwati tare da Ubuntu kuma saboda wannan muna amfani da umarnin gudu, wanda ke ba da damar ƙirƙirar da aiwatar da kwantena (ƙarin bayani gudu -h):

docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/echo Prueba contenedor

Kuma wannan zai yi amfani da hoton gida idan muna da shi ko kuma, idan ba zai iya samun sa ba, zai zazzage shi. Menene ƙari zai kirkiro akwati, zai rarraba sarari don sabon FS kuma ɗora shi. Tabbas zaku sanya hanyar sadarwar hanyar sadarwa don sadarwar baƙo / mai watsa shiri. Da zarar anyi, zai nuna mana amsa kuwwa tare da jumlar «Gwajin akwati»Wannan da muka sanya.

Kuna iya ga dukkan hotuna me kuke da shi

docker images

Kuma ga hawaye ɗayan, zaku iya amfani da ID ɗin ganga tare da:

docker start -a <pon-la-ID-del-container>

Don dakatar da su, zaka iya amfani da tasha maimakon farawa:

docker stop <pon-la-ID-del-container>

Kuma wannan shine kawai abubuwan yau da kullun a cikin Docker. Ina fatan ya taimaka muku don farawa da ɗaukar matakan farko na mutane da yawa, tunda yana iya ba ku dama da yawa. Kamar yadda kake gani, magana ce mai fadi kuma wacce zaka iya zurfafawa da farawa tare da wannan koyarwar ko siyan ƙarin littattafai kamar wanda aka ambata a cikin sakin layi na farko, wanda nake ba da shawara don sauƙi a cikin bayani mai amfani. Kar ka manta da barin ra'ayoyin ku...