Barka da ranar 29th "Linux"

25 ga Agusta, 1991, bayan watanni biyar na ci gaba wani dalibi mai suna "Linus Torvalds" wanda a lokacin yana dan shekara 21 ya sanar dashi cewa yana gini samfurin aiki na sabon tsarin aiki, wanda aka kammala hijirar bash 1.08 da gcc 1.40.

Ya ɗauki kwanaki da yawa kafin a fara fitar da sigar ta farko a bainar jama'a Linux wanda aka sake shi a ranar 17 ga Satumba. An matse kwaya ta 0.0.1 zuwa 62 KB kuma tana dauke da layuka kusan dubu 10 na lambar tushe (alhali kuwa kwaya ta yanzu tana da layuka sama da miliyan 28).

Kernel na Linux aka yi wahayi zuwa da MINIX tsarin aiki, wanda Linus bai so da iyakantaccen lasisi ba. Daga baya, lokacin da Linux ta zama sanannen aiki, masu ba da labari sunyi ƙoƙari su zargi Linus da kwafin lambar wasu ƙananan tsarin MINIX kai tsaye.

Marubucin MINIX ya tunkude harin Andrew Tanenbaum, wanda ya umarci ɗalibi ya yi kwatancen kwatancen lambar Minix tare da sigar jama'a ta farko ta Linux. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna kasancewar wasanni huɗu ne kawai ba za'a iya kula dasu ba saboda bukatun POSIX da ANSI C.

Tun farko Linus yayi tunanin kiran kwaya "Freax" kyauta, freak da X (Unix), amma an sanya sunan kernel "Linux" tare da hannun haske na Ari Lemmke, wanda, bisa bukatar Linus, ya sanya kwaya a kan uwar garken FTP na jami'ar, yana mai sanya kundin adireshi tare da fayil din ba "freax" ba, kamar yadda Torvalds ya nema, amma "linux".

Abin lura, William Della Croce (ɗan kasuwa) ya gudanar da alamar kasuwanci ta Linux kuma yana son tattara lambobin masarauta akan lokaci, amma sai ya canza ra'ayinsa kuma ya canja duk haƙƙoƙin alamar kasuwanci zuwa Linus.

An zaɓi mascot ɗin hukuma don kwayar Linux, Tux penguin, ta hanyar gasar da aka gudanar a 1996. Sunan Tux yana nufin Torvalds UniX.

Game da tarihin kwayaWaɗannan su ne mafi mahimmanci iri a cikin tarihin Linux:

• Ya zuwa Satumba 1991 - Linux 0.0.1: Shine sigar farko ta jama'a wacce ke tallafawa kawai i386 CPU da takalmi daga floppy disk
• Ya zuwa Janairu 1992 - Linux 0.12: lambar ta fara rarrabawa a ƙarƙashin lasisin GPLv2;
• Ya zuwa Maris 1992 - Linux 0.95- An ba da damar gudanar da Tsarin Window na X, tallafi don ƙwaƙwalwar kama-da-wane, da sauya sashin aiki.
  Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993: aiki ya fara akan tarin hanyar sadarwa. An gabatar da tsarin fayil na Ext2, an kara tallafi ga tsarin fayil na ELF, an gabatar da direbobi don katunan sauti da masu kula da SCSI.
  A cikin 1992 farkon rarraba SLS da Yggdrasil sun bayyana. A lokacin rani na 1993, ayyukan Slackware da Debian sun kafu.
• Ya zuwa Maris 1994 - Linux 1.0: shine farkon fasalin aikin hukuma.
• Ya zuwa Maris 1995 - Linux 1.2: yana da ƙaruwa ƙwarai a yawan direbobi, tallafi ga dandamali na Alpha, MIPS da SPARC, faɗaɗa damar tarin cibiyar sadarwa, bayyanar matattarar fakiti, tallafi ga NFS.
• Yunin 1996 - Linux 2.0- Ya zo tare da tallafi don tsarin sarrafa abubuwa da yawa.
• A cikin Maris 1997: Gidauniyar LKML, jerin masu aikawa na kernel na Linux.
• a 1998: Kaddamar da rukuni na farko na Linux dangane da Top500, wanda ya kunshi nodes 68 tare da Alpha CPUs.
• Ya zuwa Janairu 1999 - Linux 2.2: tuni yana da tsarin sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mafi inganci, ƙarin tallafi ga IPv6, aiwatar da sabon shinge, gabatar da sabon tsarin sauti;
• Ya zuwa Fabrairu 2001 - Linux 2.6- Tallafi don 8-processor 64GB RAM tsarin, Ext3 fayil tsarin, USB, ACPI goyon baya.
• Ya zuwa Disamba 2003 - Linux 2.6: ya zo tare da tallafi na SELinux, kayan aikin gyaran kernel na atomatik, sysfs, tsarin gyaran ƙwaƙwalwar da aka bita;
• A cikin 2005, an gabatar da hypervisor na Xen, yana haifar da zamanin ƙwarewa.
• A watan Satumba na shekarar 2008, aka kirkiro sigar farko ta tsarin Android bisa tsarin kwayar Linux.
• Yulin 2011 - ƙarshen reshe 2.6.x: Bayan shekaru 10 na ci gaba na reshe na 2.6.x, an canza zuwa lambar 3.x. Adadin abubuwa a cikin rumbun ajiyar na Git ya kai miliyan 2.
• A 2015 - Linux 4.0- an sake shi, adadin git a cikin ma'ajiyar ya kai miliyan 4.
• Zuwa watan Janairun 2019 - Linux 5.0: Ma'ajin ya kai matakin git miliyan 6,5.
• A watan Agusta 2020 - Linux 5.8: Ya kasance mafi girma dangane da yawan canje-canje na dukkanin kwaya a duk tsawon rayuwar aikin.