Jiya Shekaru 50 sun shude tun farkon aika sakon a cikin abin da za mu kira a yau mai share fagen abin da ke yau INTERNET. Kuma shine A ranar Talata, 29 ga Oktoba, 1969 da 22:30 na dare, Lokacin California a cikin Hall 3420 a UCLA Boelter Hall (Jami'ar California, Los Angeles), masu binciken sun kafa haɗin farko tsakanin kwamfutoci biyu masu nisa a kan hanyar sadarwa ta rundunar sojojin Amurka ta ARPANET.
Wannan rana, farkon watsa bayanai daga nesa daga komputa ne a UCLA zuwa wata kwamfutar a Cibiyar Nazarin Stanford (yanzu ana kiranta SRI International) a ɗaya gefen California.
Wannan Talata, Oktoba 29, 2019 alama ce ta haihuwar ARPANET, cibiyar sadarwar watsa bayanai ta farko, don haka aza harsashin yanar gizo wanda muka sani a yau.
Haɗin farko ya kasance tsakanin kwamfuta a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles (UCLA) da wata kwamfutar a Cibiyar Nazarin Stanford. Wannan bajintar farko ta masana kimiyya ya ba da damar aika saƙo na farko a tarihi ta hanyar Intanet.
ARPANET ta farko ta ƙunshi IMPs huɗu da aka girka a cikin:
- UCLA, inda Kleinrock ya kirkiri Cibiyar auna Hanyar Sadarwa. Kwamfutar SDS Sigma 7 ce ta fara haɗawa.
- Cibiyar Binciken Tattalin Arziki, a Cibiyar Bincike ta Stanford, inda Doug Engelbart ya kirkiro sabon tsarin Sabis na Harsunan Kasa (NLS), ingantaccen tsarin hypertext. Kwamfutar SDS 940 ce ta fara haɗawa.
- Jami'ar California, tare da kwamfutar IBM 360.
- Sashen Zane-zane, Jami'ar Utah, inda Ivan Sutherland ya ƙaura. Tare da PDP-10 da aka haɗa da farko.
A 1961, Leonard Kleinrock, ya buga rubutu na farko da ba na ka'ida ba game da musayar fakiti. Da shi ne ka gama kafa harsashin ginin ka'idar sauya fakiti, fasahar da Intanet ke dogaro da ita.
Ya haɓaka ka'idar ilimin lissafi na hanyoyin sadarwar bayanai. Daga baya, za'a yi amfani da shi a cikin haihuwar farkon hanyar sadarwa ta ARPANET.
Hakanan shi ke da alhakin aiwatar da hanyar farko ta auna kayan ARPANET, wanda hakan ya bashi damar sanya iyakokin aiki da kimanta halayyar kamfanin.
Sakon farko da aka aiko ta amfani da sabuwar hanyar sadarwar shine "LO", amma ba da gangan ba. Dukda cewa masana kimiyya sun yi niyyar aikawa da kalmar "LOGIN" amma ba su yi ba tunda bayan an rubuta haruffa biyu na farko aka aika sakon. Tsarin ya fadi, amma ba a gaban haruffa biyu na farko ba, "LO". Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, an sake kafa cibiyar sadarwar, an isar da saƙon da ake so gaba ɗayansa, kuma an haifi sabon zamanin haɗin.
Da farko, ARPANET ya ba da damar sojoji da cibiyoyin jama'a su iya sadarwa da juna cikin sauki.
"Da farko, kawai game da adana kuɗi ne da haɓaka haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar raba albarkatu inda mutane a kowane shafin ARPA (ARPANET) za su iya haɗawa da amfani da kwamfutoci a wasu shafuka," in ji shi. Marc Weber, darektan kula da shirye-shiryen tarihin Intanet a Gidan Tarihi na Silicon Valley na Tarihin Computer. Marc Weber ya ce "Abin da ake bukata nan da nan shi ne raba albarkatu, babban burin shi ne a zama na farko-gaba wajen raba hanyoyin sadarwa," in ji Marc Weber.
Bayan shekaru 50, Leonard Kleinrock ya faɗi haka Bai taba tunanin abin da a wancan lokacin aikin soja zai zama daya daga cikin ci gaban kere kere da zai kawo sauyi a sadarwa ba saboda ra'ayinsa kawai ya sanya kwamfutoci biyu suyi sadarwa da juna ko kuma ya sanya mutane suyi magana da kwamfutoci.
'Ban taɓa ganin kafofin watsa labarun komai ba. Na yi tunani game da sanya mutane su yi magana da kwamfuta, ko kuma kwamfuta da juna, amma ba mutane da juna ba, ”in ji Leonard Kleinrock, wanda ya cika shekaru 85 a watan Yuni. A tsawon shekaru 50 na taron, ya kuma buɗe wani dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka keɓe don Intanet.