Kwanan nan An sanar da sakin sabon ingantaccen tsarin tsarin aiki na Qubes 4.1.1, wanda shine sakin da ke ci gaba da haɓaka duk facin tsaro, gyare-gyaren kwaro, da sabunta samfurin OS na sama waɗanda suka faru tun farkon sakin Qubes 4.1.0 a cikin Fabrairu.
Ga wadanda daga cikinku sababbi ga Qubes OS, ya kamata ku sani cewa wannan tsarin aiki ne wanda aiwatar da ra'ayin yin amfani da hypervisor don ware tsauraran aikace-aikace da kayan aikin tsarin aiki (kowane aji na aikace-aikace da sabis na tsarin suna gudana akan injuna daban).
Aikace-aikace a cikin Qubes sun kasu kashi-kashi dangane da mahimmancin bayanan da aka sarrafa da kuma ayyukan da aka warware. Kowane aji na aikace-aikacen (misali aiki, nishaɗi, banki) da kuma sabis na tsarin (tsarin cibiyar sadarwa, bangon wuta, ajiya, tari na USB, da sauransu) suna gudana akan injunan kama-da-wane da ke gudana tare da Xen hypervisor.
A lokaci guda, waɗannan aikace-aikacen suna samuwa akan tebur iri ɗaya kuma ana haskaka su don tsabta a launuka daban-daban na firam ɗin taga. Kowane yanayi ya karanta damar zuwa tushen tushen FS da kuma zuwa ajiyar gida wanda ba ya haɗuwa da ajiya a wasu wurare; ana amfani da sabis na musamman don tsara hulɗar aikace-aikacen.
Menene sabo a cikin Qubes OS 4.1.1
Wannan sabon sigar fito kamar yadda aka ambata a farkon sigar sabuntawa ce kuma musamman gyaran kwaro daga sigar da ta gabata, kodayake muna iya samun sabuntawa daga canje-canjen da aka yi na nau'ikan shirye-shiryen da ke samar da ainihin yanayin tsarin (dom0).
An kuma haskaka cewa An ƙirƙiri samfuri don ƙirƙirar yanayi na kama-da-wane bisa Fedora 36 da kuma wanda Linux 5.15 kernel kuma ana ba da shawarar ta tsohuwa.
Bayan shi An kuma sanar da cewa sigar Qubes 4.0 ta isa EOL (ƙarshen rayuwa) akan 2022-08-04 (m mako mai zuwa). Shi ya sa ake kira ga masu amfani da wannan sigar ta Qubes 4.0 cewa da zaran sun sami damar sabuntawa zuwa Qubes 4.1 ta hanyar tsaftataccen tsarin sake shigar da su, suna yin shi kuma da wuri mafi kyau, wannan tare da manufar guje wa gaba. matsaloli.
Hakazalika, masu haɓakawa kuma suna ba da shawarwari game da sabunta sigar 4.0 da kuka zaɓa don tsallake wannan sabon sigar Qubes 4.1.1 kai tsaye.
Yana da mahimmanci a ambaci matsaloli masu zuwa kuma suna shirin sabuntawa zuwa wannan sabon sigar, daga V4.0:
- Rubutun baya canza tsarin ɓoyayyen faifai na LUKS1 zuwa LUKS2 (sabon shigarwa na Qubes 4.1 yana amfani da LUKS2 don ɓoyayyen faifai, yayin da sigogin baya suna amfani da LUKS1).
- Samfotin farko yana gina Qubes 4.0 (kafin R4.0-rc2) ya ƙirƙiri ɓangaren /boot/efi na 200 MB kawai, wanda yayi ƙanƙanta ga R4.1. A cikin yanayin irin wannan shimfidar yanki, shigarwa mai tsabta ya zama dole.
- Idan mai amfani ya ƙirƙiri wasu shigarwar manufofin qrexec na al'ada, ƙila ba za a iya sarrafa su daidai ba a cikin R4.1, wanda ke haifar da hana duk kira.
- Ana ba da shawarar duba log ɗin don kurakuran manufofin qrexec bayan sake kunna tsarin, ta amfani da umarnin journalctl -b.
A ƙarshe haka ne kuna son ƙarin sani game da shi na wannan sabon sigar, zaku iya karanta cikakkun bayanai a cikin bayanin sakin Qubes OS 4.1.1 a link mai zuwa.
Zazzage Qubes OS
Idan kuna son gwada wannan Qubes OS zaku iya yin ta ta zazzage hoton tsarin daga shafin yanar gizonta kuma a bangaren saukar da shi zaka sameshi, zaka iya yi a cikin bin hanyar haɗi.
Tsarin da ke da 6 GB na RAM da Intel ko AMD 64-bit CPU tare da goyan bayan VT-x c EPT/AMD-v c RVI da fasahar VT-d/AMD IOMMU ana buƙatar, Intel GPU (NVIDIA GPU da AMD ana buƙata. ba a gwada shi sosai). Girman hoton shigarwa shine 5,5 GB.
Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada cewa ba za a iya shigar da Qubes OS kawai a matsayin babban tsarin aiki ba, amma kuma yana ba da damar iya gwada shi a cikin sigar Live.