Barka da zuwa: Manyan Nasihu ga Masu shigowa Linux

Idan don dalilai na aiki, ko kawai don zaɓin kai, kun sauka a kan Linux, za mu ba ku wasu matakai da dabaru don daidaitawa da rarrabawa kuma za mu ba da shawarar wane ɓarna da za ku zaɓa dangane da wane tsarin aiki kuka fito. Zamuyi nazarin canje-canjen da suka dace wadanda zaku ci karo dasu kuma zamuyi maku jagora dan dacewa da dacewa.

Kamar yadda suke wanzu yawancin tsarin aiki, Zamuyi maganin guda uku ne kawai. Mafi yaduwa shine Windows kuma saboda haka mafi yawan shawarwarin za ayi amfani dasu ne ga masu amfani waɗanda suka fito daga wannan tsarin aiki. Hakanan za mu ba da wasu bayanai ga masu amfani da Mac OS X da kuma waɗanda za a ba su daga duniyar BSD (musamman FreeBSD).

Ya rage gare ni kawai in yi marhabin da ku kuma ina fatan cewa wannan labarin zai zama babban taimako ga duk "yara" a cikin Linux, kuma ina fatan ku zama "babba". Anan ga wadannan nasihun...

Nasihu don masu amfani da Windows Windows:

Farkon jerin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa don masu amfani da Windows, kodayake wannan shawarwari ne kawai, tunda zaku iya zaɓar wani. Amma akwai wasu masu sauki kamar Zorin OS, tare da yanayi mai kama da Windows wanda zaku sami kwanciyar hankali. Duk wani rarraba tare da yanayin tebur na LXLE shima za'a bashi shawarar, kamar su Lubuntu, tunda wannan tebur shima yayi kama da na Windows.

Bayan waɗannan, zaku iya amfani da wasu kamar Ubuntu ko Linux Deepin wanda muke magana akai game da wannan a kwanan nan. Amma kuma zan baku shawara Linux Mint, mai sauƙin amfani kuma hakan zai sauƙaƙa rayuwar ku.

Ina kuma ba da shawarar ka karanta labarinmu kan zabi zuwa shirye-shiryen Windows, inda programas sanannen mashahuri wanda masu amfani da tsarin aiki na Microsoft zasu iya amfani dashi kuma an basu wasu hanyoyi don kar a rasa su a cikin Linux. Kari kan haka, kuna da Wine, PlayOnLinux da sauran ayyukan da ke ba da damar gudanar da software ta asali ta Windows akan Linux.

Mun riga mun fara da wasu rikici ko? Menene wancan da rarrabawa? To, ba komai bane face gyare-gyare na tsarin GNU / Linux don kowane dandano. Akwai su da yawa, da yawa, don ɗanɗano na da yawa, amma ga wasu yana da fa'ida saboda za ku iya zaɓar mafi kyawun "ɗanɗano". Ya yi kama da Audi, misali, kodayake masana'antar injiniya iri ɗaya ce, shasi ya bambanta a cikin A3, A6, Q7, ...

Da kyau, da zarar an shawo kan wannan matsalar ta farko, a faɗi a cikin tsarin aiki irin na Unix (banda Mac OS X), kamar Linux, dogaro kan wasan bidiyo ya fi na Windows girma, don haka amfani da umarni a cikin yanayin rubutu kusan yana da mahimmanci, kodayake hanyoyin musayar zane-zane na zamani da kuma sauƙin yanzu da cibiyoyin software na rarraba ke bayarwa, kusan ba ku damar yin komai ko shigar da shirye-shirye tare da dannawa ɗaya kawai. .

Ina kuma iya baka shawarar fara sauke wani LiveCD ko LiveDVD ko LiveUSB, waxanda suke hotunan distros din da zaku iya zazzagewa kuma zaku iya gwadawa ba tare da sanyawa a kwamfutarka ba. Kuna kawai ƙona hoton a diski, saka shi, fara kwamfutarka kuma zaka iya amfani dashi koyaushe. Idan kana son shi, zaka iya girka shi.

1. Hankali mai kyau: akan Windows NT da DOS, babu "sahihin harka", ma'ana, ba su da matsala. Wannan a cikin Unix ya wanzu kuma dole ne mu yi hankali lokacin amfani da na'urar wasan wuta kuma mu rubuta sunayen daidai game da babba da ƙaramar magana in ba haka ba zai ba mu matsala. Misali, a cikin Windows zai zama babban fayil ɗin "Hotuna na" iri ɗaya da "hotuna na", amma a cikin Linux kuna iya samun sunaye biyu kuma zai ɗauke su daban.
2. Dannawa ɗaya kawai: Idan kayi amfani da yanayin tebur na KDE, kodayake ana iya saita shi a cikin zaɓuɓɓukan linzamin kwamfuta don dacewa da masu amfani da Windows, za ku ga cewa gajerun hanyoyin tebur suna buɗewa tare da dannawa ɗaya kuma idan kun ba shi danna sau biyu kamar yadda kuke yi a cikin Windows, tabbas za ku iya bude shirin ko file sau biyu ...
3. Fayiloli da kundin adireshi vs Fayiloli da manyan fayiloli: a cikin * nix yare, an fi amfani da wannan ƙamus ɗin. Ga Linux babban fayil babban fayil ne kuma fayil fayil ne. Wauta ce, amma yana iya haifar da rikicewa tsakanin sababbi.
4. Mai amfani da tushe: A cikin Windows ana amfani da ku don bambancewa tsakanin masu amfani na yau da kullun da mai gudanarwa, saboda a cikin Linux, ana kiran kwatankwacin mai gudanarwa super user ko root.
5. A cikin Linux zaka iya: Jumla ce da za a maimaita ta sau da yawa, tunda Linux ta fi ƙarfi da sassauƙa a yawancin abubuwa. Yanayi ne mai daidaitawa wanda zai baka damar yin abubuwa sama da Windows. Misali shi ne cewa a cikin Windows ba za ku iya canza fayil ba yayin da shirin ya buɗe shi, tunda yana jefa muku saƙon kuskure "Fayil ɗin da ake amfani da shi". A gefe guda, a cikin Linux zaku iya gyaggyara shi a lokaci guda ba tare da matsala ba, tunda matakan ba sa satar fayiloli.
6. Labaran karya Babu software da direbobi na Linux, wannan karya ne kuma ƙari da ƙari. Akwai karin software da karin direbobi. Linux tana karɓar kayan aiki da yawa, kusan ba zaku sami matsala dashi ba kuma dangane da madadin software akwai su da yawa, wani lokacin ma akwai nau'ikan shirin iri ɗaya don dandamali da yawa. Misali, Firefox da Chrome suma ana iya samun su don Linux, baku da ma neman wasu hanyoyin. Bugu da kari, wasannin bidiyo kasuwa ce ta bunkasa, mun riga mun fada, akwai wasanni na bidiyo masu kyau da kyau na Linux, sun karu a farashin da ba'a zato ba.
7. Formats da kari: kari da yawa ko kuma tsarin fayil da aka tsara ta shirye-shirye don Windows suna dacewa da shirye-shiryen Linux, misali, takaddun Office (.docx, .ppt, .xlsx,…) za a iya buɗe su kuma gyara ta LibreOffice da OpenOffice. Kuma tabbas wasu kamar .mp3, .mp4, .pdf, .txt, da sauransu.
8. A cikin Unix / Linux komai fayil ne: A cikin Windows za a yi amfani da ku don ganin direbobi (C:, D:, A:,…) da na'urori. Da kyau, a cikin Linux komai fayil ne, don haka diski mai wuya shine / dev / sda ko kuma mai karanta gani / dev / cdrom, da sauransu. Duk kayan aiki suna da wakilci kuma ana ɗauka azaman fayil, wannan kodayake kamar ba shi da fa'ida yana da fa'idodi da yawa.
9. Kyauta kuma kyauta: Ofayan mahimman canje-canje da zaku lura shine kusan duk shirye-shiryen kyauta ne kuma kyauta. Ba za ku biya su ba ko satar su kamar yadda lamarin yake a lokuta da yawa akan tsarin Windows. Kyakkyawan fa'ida ce ke ba ku damar adana kuɗi da yawa kuma kuna da software kamar yadda kuke so ba tare da matsala ba. Koda tsarin aiki kyauta ne kuma kyauta ...

Nasihu don masu amfani da sauran tsarin aiki (Mac OS X da FreeBSD):

Da kyau, abu na farko da za'a bada shawara shine menene rarraba zai iya dacewa da kai. Ga masu amfani da Mac OS X kuna iya zama da kwanciyar hankali tare da tebur Hadin kan Ubuntu, kamar yadda yake da kamanceceniya da yanayin Mac OS X dangane da windows. Misali, ba lallai ne ka saba da rufewa / kara girman / rage windows ba daga wancan bangaren, yana da sandar sama mai kama da sandar menu kuma mai gabatarwa yayi kama da Dock, kawai maimakon ya kasance a kasa sai a hannun dama

Hakanan akwai wasu distros waɗanda suke kama da OS X, kamar su Ƙaddamarwa OS, rabon Linux dangane da Ubuntu wanda aka canza yanayin su domin kamanceceniya da tsarin Apple gaba daya.

Wani irin wannan hargitsi shine Linux Kamar Mac OS X (Mint OS X), dangane da Linux Mint kuma wannan yana ƙoƙari ya kwaikwayi yanayin gani na Mac kuma gaskiyar ita ce, a kallon farko suna kama da ɗigon ruwa biyu.

Madadin haka, idan kun zo daga FreeBSD ko wani BSD, dole ne ku kasance mutum mai taurin kai a wannan ... don haka kuna iya farawa da kowane rarraba Linux ba tare da matsala ba. Amma tabbas kun fi nutsuwa da Gentoo da mai kula da kunshin Portage, tare da wasu kamanceceniya da tashar BSD Ports kuma tana bin POSIX, a hakikanin gaskiya FreeBSD ma ana amfani da Portage. Kuma idan kuna son yin aiki, zaku iya zuwa Arch Linux, wanda aka inganta a wannan batun.

Ina so in kara wani abu idan har akwai masu amfani da su Solaris Ganin haka, ka ce a cikin Linux za ku ji daɗi dangane da tallafin kayan aiki, kasancewa mafifici akan wanda Solaris ke tallafawa (duba Jerin Haɗin Kayan Kayan Solaris). Kuma shawarwarin da za a iya amfani da su shine girka sh azaman asalin harsashi, tunda yawancin Linux distros suna amfani da bash. Wannan zai sa su ji a gida, kodayake idan kun kasance kuna amfani da bash a kan Solaris, shawarar ba ta da amfani, tunda tuni kun saba.

para shigar da shirye-shirye akan Debian da abubuwan banbanci, zaka iya amfani da "apt-get", yayi kama da "pkg-get" wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin BSD da Solaris. Har ila yau, a faɗi cewa a cikin Mac OS X da BSD lokacin amfani da na'ura mai amfani, "tashar shigar" an yi amfani da shi don shigar, amma sun yi kama da juna, kawai kuna da amfani da rubutun.

Wani taken launin toka shine rabe-rabenIna ba da shawarar cewa masu amfani da Windows su nemi shawarwari idan za su girka shi tare da bangare tare da tsarin Microsoft ko barin wadanda za su ba ka shawara ta hanyar tsoho yayin shigarwar. Amma ga masu amfani da ci gaba waɗanda suka zo daga Solaris ko wasu Unixs, suna gaya muku cewa batun ɓangaren yana haifar da ɗan shakku.

Solaris da BSD, da sauran * tsarin nix suna amfani da fayiloli "yanki", Misali / sauransu / passwd na iya zama cikin / a / sauransu / passwd, inda / a shine" yanki ". Wadannan "yankan" babu su a cikin Linux kuma zaka samu kundayen adireshi ko fayiloli a bangare daya ko kuma bangaren rumbun kwamfutar, ba tare da kananan bangarori ba. Wani abu don ɗanɗano mafi sauƙi da sauƙi. Misali, abubuwan da ke cikin yanki a, b, da c zasu kasance a kan Linux a cikin bangare guda (a al'ada, kodayake ana iya sauya shi).

A gefe guda, na BSD da FreeBSD dole ne su saba da hakan kundin adireshi na gida yana cikin / gida kuma ba / usr / gida kamar a BSD ba. Wani abu mai kama da abin da ke faruwa tare da / usr / na gida / sauransu wanda a cikin Linux kawai yake / sauransu.

A waje "Toor", madadin zuwa "tushen" Babu Unix da BSD akan Linux. Amma akwai wani zaɓi na taya da ake kira "Yanayin Amfani Daya" wanda yana da kamanceceniya da "toor". A wannan ma'anar, ya fi kama da Linux fiye da OS X, tunda yana da irin wannan hanyar da aka haɗa Macs ma.

Game da yanayin tebur, Na riga na yi sharhi cewa akwai da yawa a cikin Linux. Wasu kamar KDE ko GNOME ana iya amfani dasu akan tsarin kamar FreeBSD, don haka zaku zama sananne yanzu. Amma Mac OS X yana da ɗaya kawai ta tsohuwa, don haka za ku ji daɗin kwanciyar hankali da shawarar da na ba da shawarar a farkon wannan ɓangaren. A kan Solaris zaka iya amfani da wasu keɓaɓɓun mahallai kamar CDE, OpenWindows da JDS, amma ba zaka sami matsala da yawa ba.

Game da aikace-aikacen Mac OS X, kuna iya shigar da wasu aikace-aikacen Apple akan Linux saboda aikin Darling (ko duban rarraba UniOS), kwatankwacin Wine, kodayake yana cikin mawuyacin matakin ci gaba ... Amma har yanzu, zaku sami ofan software na asali don Linux waɗanda zasu iya maye gurbin na Apple. Ga masu amfani da Solaris, BSD, da sauransu, babu matsala, akan Linux zaku sami software da yawa fiye da na dandamali.

Amma idan ya kasance shigar da shirye-shirye akan duka Mac OS X da Windows yana da sauƙi kuma akwai onlyan kaɗan kari, kamar .dmg da .exe bi da bi. Amma a cikin Linux zamu sami .deb, .rpm, .bin, .sh, .tar, .run, da dai sauransu. Wani abu da ba zai zama matsala a gare ku ba idan kun karanta na Labari akan yadda ake girka kowane nau'in fakiti.

Mac OS X console an ɗan watsar dashi, bashi da ƙarfi, bashi da kayan aiki da yawa kamar Linux kuma a wannan ma'anar shine mafi kyau ga ƙwararru suyi amfani da Linux. Menene ƙari, saurin Linux Ya banbanta kuma misali yana nuna abun ciki tare da launuka waɗanda zasu taimaka maka mafi kyau gano kundin adireshi da fayiloli, wani abu da Mac OS X da Windows cmd suka rasa.

Ci gaba da masu amfani da Mac, ka ce naka Mai nemo ana iya samar dashi ta Dolphin akan KDE ko Nautilus akan GNOME / Unity da abubuwan banbanci. Har ila yau, faɗi cewa don sake suna ba lallai bane ku zaɓi fayil ɗin kuma latsa ENTER, amma kuna iya yin shi tare da maɓallin linzamin dama kuma zaɓi zaɓi sake suna daga menu ɗin da ya bayyana.

EL Adireshin sirri na masu amfani OS X yana cikin babban bangare, a cikin Linux kuma har ila yau, sai dai idan mun kayyade don sanya shi a cikin wani bangare daban (abin da aka ba da shawarar). A irin wannan yanayin, ya kamata ka nemi mai amfani mai suna / gida.

Kuma don gama, saka wasu Madadin shirye-shirye don Mac OS X daga Apple wanda zaku iya girkawa akan Linux:

• iTunes - Rhythmbox, Banshee, Amarok, ...
• Safari - Chrome, Firefox, Konkeror, Opera, ...
• Mai sarrafa kansa - Xnee
• iWork - Kword, OpenOffice, LibreOffice, ...
• iGarageband - Audacity, Jokosher, Ardor, ...
• iPHoto - F-Spot, Picasa, digiKam, ...
• iMovie - Kino, Cinelerra, ...
• TextEdit - TextEdit, Nano, Gedit, Emacs, VI,….
• Haske, Sherlock - Beagle
• Apple Magana - Netatalk
• Wasiku - Thunderbird, Juyin Halitta, Kontact, ...
• iChat - Kphone, Ekiga, Xten Lite, ...
• iCal, Agenda - Chandler, Kalanda na Google, Sunbird, ...
• iSync - Kpilot, gtkpod, Floola, ...
• Abubuwa - Maƙallan Fayil, Jirgi, ...
• iDVD - K3B, Brasero, Baker, ...
• Paragon Manajan Hannun - Gparted, Hoto na ,asa,…
• iWeb - Kompozer, Quanta +, Bluefish, ...
• QuickTime - Totem, VLC, Kaffeine, Xine, ...

Kar ka manta yi sharhi da rubuta shakku, shawarwari ko wasu tambayoyin da kuke dasu. Za mu yi farin cikin amsawa da ƙoƙarin taimaka muku gwargwadon iko.