Tunda aka haifeshi Linux a matsayin kwaya, akwai rikice-rikice, an ce haka Linus Torvalds Bai da tabbas game da bayar da kwayarsa, a ƙarshe ya yi, amma ba don ya gama gamsar da kansa game da akidar mai tsayawa amma don samun kyakkyawan sakamako kuma, ina tsammanin, don amfani da GNU aikin.
Ina tsammanin tuni a cikin wancan rashin yanke hukunci na finnish Mun riga mun iya ganin ƙungiyoyi biyu a cikin duniyar Linux, kusa da tsayayya, da kuma sassaucin ra'ayi game da ra'ayin mazan jiya, kamar gurguzu da jari hujja. Ina magana ne akan mabudin budewa (bude hanya) da kuma manhaja kyauta.
Shin ba su kasance daidai ba?
Yi haƙuri in gaya muku cewa a'a, ba ɗaya suke ba kuma suna ciki LXA! Za mu nuna muku abin da bambancin yake:
Menene software kyauta?
Flank ne na mutanen GNU kuma, sabili da haka, na Richard Stallman. Suna cewa dole ne software ta zama kyauta koyausheSuna fatan cewa wata rana duk software zasu zama kyauta kuma suna buƙatar mabiyan su suyi amfani da software kyauta kawai kuma basu yarda da samar da software na mallaka ba. Lasisin da Gidauniyar Free Software Foundation ta amince da shi ba su ba da damar rufe lambar software ba.
Bayaninsu na ka'idoji (suna kiransa 'yanci huɗu) kamar haka:
- Gudanar da shirin don kowane dalili
- Yi nazari da gyara shirin
- Kwafa shirin domin ku taimaki maƙwabta ko kowa
- Inganta shirin da buga ci gaba
Lasisi masu haɗuwa da waɗannan ra'ayoyin sune:
- GNU Babban lasisin Jama'a (lasisin software kyauta kyauta na kwarai)
- GNU Licensearamar Lasisin Jama'a (lasisin da za a iya danganta shi da ɗakunan karatu da aka rufe)
- GNU Affero Babban lasisin Jama'a (lasisi da aka tsara don aikace-aikacen yanar gizo amma ba mashahuri ba kuma wanda nake ƙoƙarin fahimta.
- GNU Takaddun Ba da Lamuni (Lasisi don takardu kyauta, ana iya amfani dashi daidai a cikin blog kuma shine wanda Wikipedia ke amfani dashi).
Don haka menene Buɗe tushen?
Mutanen da ke son buɗe tushe sun fi kyau fiye da yadda ake tunani, idan dabarun software kyauta suna kusa da Stallman, waɗannan sune mafi kusa da Linus Torvalds, ba ruwansu da cewa dukkan software a duniya kyauta ce maimakon haka, sun yi imanin cewa zai fi kyau a sami lambar tushe don gyara ta yadda ake so. An haɗa su cikin ativeaddamarwar Buɗaɗɗiyar (addamarwa (OSI).
Sun yi imani da ka'idoji 10:
- Rarrabawa kyauta: dole ne a bayar da software kyauta ko kuma siyar da ita.
- Lambar tushe- Dole ne a haɗa lambar tushe ko a samo ta kyauta.
- Ayyuka masu fa'ida: dole ne a sake rarraba abubuwan gyare-gyare.
- Mutuncin lambar marubucin- Lasisi na iya buƙatar sauye-sauye don sake rarraba su azaman faci.
- Babu nuna bambanci ga mutane ko ƙungiyoyi: babu wanda za'a bari.
- Babu nuna wariya ga yankunan himma: Ba za a iya cire masu amfani da kasuwanci ba.
- Rarraba lasisi- Hakkoki iri daya ya kamata ya shafi duk wanda ya sami shirin.
- Lasisin kada ya zama takamaiman na samfur: ba za a iya lasisi shirin kawai a zaman wani ɓangare na babban rarraba ba.
- Lasisin bai kamata ya takura wa wasu software ba: lasisi ba zai iya tilasta cewa duk wata software da aka rarraba tare da buɗe software dole ita ma ta kasance tushen buɗewa.
- Dole ne lasisin ya kasance tsaka-tsakin fasaha- Karɓar lasisi ta hanyar hanyar linzamin kwamfuta ko kuma takamaiman takamaiman software ba dole ba a buƙata.
¿Sun kalli aya 9? Idan kuna son bayyananniyar bambanci tsakanin software kyauta da tushen buɗewa, kuna da shi.
La KO IDAN yarda da lasisi na FSF da ƙarin wasu lasisi waɗanda suma buɗe suke.
Shin duk wannan al'amarin?
Da kaina, ina tsammanin sanin bambanci tsakanin waɗannan wurare biyu yana da mahimmanci, yanzu mun riga mun san cewa a cikin duniyar Linux akwai matsayi biyu, cewa ba komai baƙi ne, akwai kuma launin toka.
Na bar muku magana daga Paolo Colonello (mahaliccin Bligoo, dandalin rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo) wanda ya bayyana mana itacen apples:
A matsayin misali, mai ba da shawara don Free Software a gaban Windows zai faɗi wani abu kamar:
"Wannan software bata da kyau, tunda bani da 'yancin ganin abin da yakeyi a kwamfutata ”kuma mai tsaron gidan Open Source zai ce "Wannan software din bata da inganci tunda mutane kalilan ne suka halarci ci gaban ta kuma ya dogara ne da kamfani guda daya (Microsoft) don ingantawa "
A gefen wa kake?
Na gode sosai da sauki bayanin da kuka yi. Ni a gefen buɗaɗɗen tushe, gaskiyar ita ce idan zan biya software da ke yin abin da nake buƙata kuma babu wani abu a kasuwa, da kyau, ba komai, yana biya. Amma da farko dole ne ka nemi zaɓi, duka don adana aljihun ka, da kuma samun fa'ida a cikin software ɗin da ba a buga su ba saboda ƙananan tallan da yawancin kamfanoni ko masu shirye-shirye ke iya yi.
Zan iya cewa software ta kyauta akida ce, yayin da bude hanya hanya ce ta ci gaba.
Ina la'akari da kaina a gefen buɗe tushen. Na yi imanin cewa dole ne 'yanci ya kasance ga mai shirye-shiryen lokacin da yake zaɓar hanyar da za a rarraba lambar sa, idan ba ya son raba ta, bai kamata a ɗauke ta a matsayin wani abu na lalata ba, amma ya fi son barin aikin sa na sirri da kula da shi kula da software da kansa.
Don Allah, ga duk bayanan: karanta game da SL kafin magana game da tushen asali da kuma kasancewa mai buɗe ido. Babu wanda ya sanya bindiga a goshinka ko kuma sa ku a kurkuku saboda rashin amfani da SW kyauta, amma don keta haƙƙin mallaka.
Ko da wanene ya kasance, KOWANE abu na siyasa ne kuma yanke shawara, komai ƙanƙantar sa, yana da tasiri a kowane mataki.
SW a yau 'an cukurkuda shi' a kowane fanni na rayuwa kuma, mafi kyau ko mara kyau, zai ratsa har zuwa zurfin kusancinmu: shin muna da tabbacin cewa zamu bar wasu su tsara shi ko kuma cire damar barin shi zuwa kai? na uku ne don dubawa?
A koyaushe ina son Buɗe Tushen. Tsarin tsattsauran ra'ayi bai kamata ya zama wani ɓangare na rayuwar komputa ba, kuma dole ne Free Software daga lokaci zuwa lokaci "dole ne ya sauƙaƙe canjin", kuma ya rage tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda zai iya haifar da makanta, har zuwa amfani da KYAUTA Software kawai kuma babu wani abu da ya wuce SL!
Isasshen Asali. Sun yi mana barna da yawa ga bil'adama ...
Roberto, Don keta dokokin haƙƙin mallaka ba sa sa bindiga a kanka ko dai. Yanzu, idan kuna keta haƙƙin mallaka da ƙananan yara 5, wataƙila akwai. Lallai ya zama ka ɗan rage kaɗan a rayuwa, dole ne ka zaɓi masu toka, saboda babu wani abu mai kyau ko mara kyau 100%.
Roberto: abu ne mai tsattsauran ra'ayi (kuma idan ... Dole ne inyi tsalle saboda kun faɗi ni) Na faɗi hakan ne saboda A RA'AYINA (kuma a can ba ku shiga can ko wani ba), duk lokacin da na ji labarin Free Software, ya tsallake tunanina zuwa ga Ricardito Stallman, wanda ke da kwayoyi 2 ko 3 waɗanda suke so, saboda sauran ba 100% Kyauta bane.
Wataƙila na ji zafi da kuka ce ya kamata mu kara karantawa. Shin idan wani ya shiga LXA, ya ci karo da wannan labarin, zai iya ba da ra'ayin da yake so (koyaushe girmama mutane da magana da wasu sharuɗɗa), amma sanya bindiga a kansa, ina tsammanin kuna yin hakan ta hanyar tambayar cewa maganganun suna da "an ƙara "haɗin kai" kuma mun karanta wani abu wanda kun karanta kuma bamu dashi.
Wani lokaci, dole ne ku yarda da yadda mutane suke gani da tunani. Kamar yadda na sani, 'yanci na gaske yana cikin "sanin yadda ake zaɓa", kuma ba a cikin KOWANE ABU yana da' yanci 100% kuma yana "lalata" daular Microsoft ba (da yawa suna ganin ya kamata hakan ya kasance), kuma ina maimaitawa: A RA'AYINA NA R .Stallman (wanda ban sani ba) yana kare wadannan abubuwa: Software na Kyauta 100%.
Ina fatan kun girmama ra'ayina da kuma yadda nake ganin abubuwa, kuma ina neman afuwa akan ra'ayina ba tare da karanta abinda kuka karanta ba.
Babban gaisuwa.
Saboda keta hakkin mallaka, ba sa nuna wa mutum bindiga .. Saboda galibi wadanda ke da wadannan kararrakin suna da hankalin da ba za su tsere ko su yi kokarin guduwa ba .. Idan suka yi, kamar yadda a lokuta da suka gabata, kadan ne amma su sun ba da, za ku iya kaiwa ga waɗancan ayyukan .. Har yanzu laifi ne, ba mahimmanci kamar mutuwar wani ba, amma laifi ne.
Wannan mahimmin abu ne ba kawai don ya shafe mu a matsayin masu amfani da linzami ba amma saboda yana ƙunshe da abin da zai zama shawarar da za ta juya manyan masana'antun software lokacin da mutane suka koyi darajar wannan, abubuwa zasu canza sosai.
Koyaya, na yi imanin cewa kyakkyawan tunanin Stallman yana da tsattsauran ra'ayi, misali ra'ayinsa na kwafin mallaka yana da takura kamar na haƙƙin mallaka kuma ba ya ba da damar sauƙaƙa sauƙi ga kamfanoni, muhimmin abu a yanzu shi ne a kasance tare tsakanin aikace-aikacen mallaka da buɗe tushen abubuwa da to dauki babban tsalle.
Amma wannan tabbas tabbas shine yadda yakamata a lasisi software na gaba.
Abin dariya ne, mutane nawa ne suka juya don kare tushen budewa, amma don fahimtar bambance-bambance tsakanin Free Software da Open Source Software, dole ne mu sanya kanmu a gefen mai amfani da software (yawancinmu anan ina tsammanin muna). Da zarar mun fahimci cewa mu masu amfani ne, za mu fahimci cewa mafi kyawun abin da zai iya faruwa da mu shi ne cewa software kyauta ce, tunda buɗe ido kawai hangen nesa ne na waɗanda ke samar da software kuma suke samun kuɗi da ita, galibi manyan kamfanoni.
Tare da software ta kyauta, masu amfani da ita ba za su taɓa rasa fa'idodi na tushen buɗe ba, tunda a zahiri duk software da ke kyauta ta faɗi cikin rukunin software na tushen buɗewa, amma ba haka lamarin yake ba.
Ina baku shawarar cewa ku karanta littafin "Free Software for a Free Society" na Richard M. Stallman, wataƙila za ku fahimci motsin software kyauta.
http://biblioweb.sindominio.net/pensamiento/softlibre/
Ah! Wani muhimmin abu, akwai kuskure a cikin labarin, inda yake cewa:
"Lasisin da Gidauniyar Kyauta ta Free Software ta amince ba ta ba da damar sake rufe lambar software ba."
Hakanan, akwai kuma lasisi, kuma ana ɗaukar su kyauta, waɗanda ke ba da damar rufe lambar tushe, kamar lasisin BSD da aka gyara, wanda galibi ake amfani da shi a cikin tsarin * BSD, wanda Apple ke amfani da shi don haɓaka tsarin Mac OS X bisa ga FreeBSD kwaya.
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.es.html#SoftwareLicenses
@ 123: Sharhinku na ƙarshe ya tafi zuwa spam, amma na riga na maimaita shi.
A wannan hukuncin na so in faɗi abin da kuka ambata.A wannan shafin da kuka ambata, FSF yana nuna duk lasisi waɗanda da kayan kwafi na haƙƙin mallaka na iya aiki da doka don zama irin su, wanda hakan ba yana nufin cewa su ne dandano na FSF ba. Suna magana a can daga tsarin doka.
Na gode.
Abokan buɗe ido suna son software suyi aiki tare da kowane ɗabi'a. Basu damu ba idan tana cutar da 'Yancin mutane. Abin da ya fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne cewa kamfanoni na iya samun fa'ida mafi girma kuma masu fasaha suna da ƙarin biya.
Free software koyaushe yana da ƙimomi don yin aikin. Wannan shine mafi kyawun bayanin bambance-bambancen.
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.es.html
Taya murna kan labarin, madalla.
Da kyau a game da buɗaɗɗen tushe zamuyi magana ne game da kernel na Linux wanda yake cike da ɗakunan bulo waɗanda suka yarda da GPL3 (Lissafin Jama'a na Jama'a 3) wanda duk tushen buɗe hargitsi yake yin ishara.
Amma a gefe guda akwai Linux-libre:http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux-libre
tare da wane (ba tare da wata alama ta kamfanoni ba) an kirkiro distros 100% Free Software na asali: http://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.es.html (Daga cikin abin da Trisquel 4.0.1 'taranis' ya fito don ci gaba sosai: http://trisquel.info/es/download), yana da kyau misali muna da wadancan hargitsi masu albarka kamar yadda suke da kyau da kamala kamar kowane bude tushen mallakar ubuntu, debian, openSUSE, da sauransu.
Tabbas, banbanci tsakanin software ta kyauta da batutuwan budewa, don haka duk shirye-shiryen duka a cikin firmware da aikace-aikace da dakunan karatu (kuma babu wani tsarin mallakar kudi da ake amfani dashi a duk fadin yanar gizo) na tsarin aiki kyauta na 100% guji duk software da ba gaba ɗaya kyauta ƙarƙashin GPL da GPL2.
Tabbas masu kare mabudin bude ido za su fito suna cewa "da kyau idan kana son yin kyauta, misali, debian matse shigar linux-libre kuma shi ke nan, software ce ta kyauta" amma har yanzu akwai yuwuwar kara wuraren ajiya na kayan masarufi zuwa hanyoyin .list fayil. Wannan haka ne don kowane buɗe tushen distro. A gefe guda kuma, idan kuna son ƙara wurin ajiya zuwa fayil ɗin list.list na gNewSense ko UTUTU ko Dragora (alal misali), idan daga baya ka sabunta bayanan da ke cikin tashar za ka sami saƙon: 'ba a samo ba' saboda BASU yarda da wuraren ajiya na mallakar 100% Free distros.