Linux Glossary: ​​ma'anar da za su taimake ka ka fahimci wannan duniyar

Tare da kowace sabuwar shekara da ta zo, ko kwanaki kafin ta kamar yanzu, ana yawan karanta labaran da ke tabbatar da cewa wannan zai zama shekarar Linux. Na kasance ina karanta shi fiye da shekaru goma, amma shekara ta tsarin kamar waɗanda muke magana a cikin wannan shafin bai riga ya zo ba. A wani ɓangare, yana da ma'ana: Windows yana ko'ina, kuma yana da laifi cewa an shigar da shi ta hanyar tsoho akan kowace kwamfuta. Don haka ne da yawa daga cikinku ba ku san ma’anar wasu kalmomi da muke amfani da su a duniyar nan ba, shi ya sa muka yi tunanin buga wannan labarin a matsayin mai magana da yawunsa. Kamus na Linux.

Kusan tabbas a nan gaba za mu sake rubuta kasidu dalla-dalla dalla-dalla abin da aka ambata a cikin wannan ƙamus na Linux, amma abin da muke son yi a cikin wannan labarin shine kawai ƙamus na Linux, wanda ba komai bane illa jerin kalmomi tare da ma'anar da aka yi niyya don zama bayyananne, gajere kuma a takaice. Za mu sanya su a cikin jerin haruffa, kuma tabbas za mu sabunta shi tare da ƙarin ma'anoni a nan gaba, ko muna da wani abu da za mu ƙara ko masu karatunmu sun ba da shawara.

Linux Glossary: ​​Ma'anar da kowa ya kamata ya sani

• ALSA: gajarta don Advanced Linux Sound Architecture kuma ginshiƙi ne na software kuma ɓangaren Linux kernel wanda ke samar da aikace-aikacen shirye-shiryen kwamfuta (API) don direbobin na'urorin katin sauti.
• AppImage: format don rarraba software "portable" akan Linux ba tare da zama babban mai amfani don shigar da aikace-aikacen ba, wani abu wanda, a gaskiya, ba ya yi. Fakiti ne wanda manyan software da abubuwan dogaro ke haɗa su cikin abubuwan aiwatarwa iri ɗaya. Labari mai dangantaka.
• Bash: UNIX-kamar harsashi da harshe umarni
• CLI: Acronym na "Tsarin Layin Umurni". Ana amfani da shi, alal misali, lokacin da shirin ke aiki a cikin tashar kuma yanayinsa ba na hoto ba. Misali.
• Umurnin: rubutun da aka rubuta a cikin tasha, rubutun da sauran sassa don jawo ayyuka. Hakanan muna iya kiran su da "oda."
• rarraba: Takaitacciyar kalma don "rarrabuwa" wacce ainihinta ke bayyana tsarin "tushen" ko "tushen" tsarin aiki bisa Linux, kamar Debian, Ubuntu ko Red Hat. Daga cikinsu akwai "dandano" ko "dandano": Ubuntu shine rarraba, Kubuntu dandano ne. Kodayake bisa ga wasu masu amfani ko wani ma'anar, tsarin aiki zai zama tushe kuma abin da ke fitowa daga gare su zai zama rarraba. Misali: Arch Linux: tsarin aiki; Manjaro, distro.
• Yanayin zane- Har ila yau, an san shi da "yanayin tebur" a wasu ƙasashe, rukuni ne na abubuwan da ke samar da abubuwan haɗin mai amfani kamar gumaka, kayan aiki, fuskar bangon waya, da widgets. Godiya ga yanayin zane za mu iya amfani da Linux ta hoto tare da linzamin kwamfuta da madannai kamar yadda muke yi a cikin Windows da macOS. Daga cikin shahararrun muna da GNOME, Plasma ko XFCE.
• Flatpak: kayan aikin sarrafa fakiti wanda aka rarraba, shigar da sarrafa software wanda ya haɗa, a cikin wannan kunshin, babban software, dogaro, lokacin aiki da duk abin da ya wajaba don sanya shi aiki akan kowane tsarin tushen Linux wanda ke da matsakaici ko ƙara shi. Su fakiti ne na duniya da akwatin yashi (keɓe). Wurin da aka fi amfani da shi shine Flathub.
• GNU: acronym don "GNU's Not Unix", kuma babban alhakin shine Richard Stallman a baya a cikin 80s. Tsarin aiki na tushen Linux shine ainihin GNU / Linux, kodayake a duk kafofin watsa labaru muna rage (mara kyau) kuma mu koma gare su kai tsaye kamar "Linux" .
• GRUB: GNU GRand Unified Boot Loader o GRUB shiri ne da ke baiwa mai amfani damar zabar tsarin aiki ko kernel don lodawa lokacin da na'urar ta tashi. Hakanan yana ba mai amfani damar ƙaddamar da muhawara zuwa kwaya. Kuna iya cewa shine shirin farawa da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Linux.
• GUI: a takaice na "Masu amfani da Zane", wanda shine mahallin mai amfani da hoto wanda ke ba mu damar mu'amala da software ta windows, akwati, maɓalli, da sauransu. Yana kama da taga da muke gani lokacin gudanar da software. Idan ba tare da GUI ba, abin da za mu samu shine software a cikin "CLI", wanda muka yi bayani a sama.
• Jack: a takaice na "JACK Audio Connection Kit", wanda shi ne uwar garken sauti (da wani abu dabam) wanda zai ba da damar sautin sauti lokacin da aikace-aikacen suka nema. Ba shine kaɗai ke wanzuwa a cikin Linux ba.
• Kernel: tsakiya. Zuciya. Lokacin da muka yi magana game da tsarin aiki na "Linux" (kamar an ce zai zama "GNU / Linux"), abin da muke cewa shi ne yana amfani da kernel Linux, wanda shine farkon nau'in software da ake amfani dashi a cikin waɗannan tsarin kuma yana amfani da shi. ya ƙunshi, a saman duka, direbobi don yin aiki a kowace ƙungiyar hardware. A gaskiya ma, wannan ita ce manufar Linus Torvalds lokacin da ya fara aiki a matsayin aikin aiki wanda ya ci gaba da aiki akai.
• LTS: Acronym don "Tallafin Dogon Zamani". Ana amfani da shi don nuna cewa za a tallafa wa tsarin aiki ko shirin na dogon lokaci, kasancewar inda aka fi ganinsa a cikin nau'ikan LTS na Ubuntu da ke fitowa duk shekara biyu kuma ana tallafawa har tsawon shekaru 5.
• Zama Kai Tsaye: "Living sessions" su ne waɗanda suke wanzuwa muddin ba mu kashe ko sake kunna kwamfutar ba. Duk canje-canjen da muka yi za su lalace a lokacin. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa akan kebul na USB don shigar da tsarin aiki ko azaman kayan aiki na farfadowa.
• SantaWa: shine uwar garken don sarrafa rafukan sauti da bidiyo da hardware a cikin Linux. Yana sarrafa hanyoyin sadarwa na multimedia da sarrafa bututun mai. A lokacin rubuta wannan labarin, a cikin Disamba 2021, har yanzu yana kan ci gaba, amma ana sa ran cewa, tare da Wayland, za su inganta sosai duk abin da ya shafi hoto da sauti, da kuma inganta daidaito tsakanin sabar daban-daban na sauti. da video..
• Pulse- Sabar mai jiwuwa mai karfin hanyar sadarwa da aka yi amfani da shi da farko akan Linux, amma kuma akan tsarin BSD, macOS, ko tsarin Solaris.
• Saki Zaɓen- Alama ko kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su don nuni ga ci-gaba na software da ke ƙarƙashin haɓakawa. Misali, akwai kamfanoni da suke yiwa manhajarsu lakabin “Dan takarar Saki” mako daya ko biyu kafin a fitar da ingantaccen sigar. A cikin yanayin kernel (Linux), ana amfani da shi tsawon watanni biyu, amma saboda abin da suke yi a zahiri yana canzawa akan ingantaccen sigar.
• Mirgina Saki- Haɓaka software da samfurin isarwa wanda ke zuwa da zarar an samu, kuma ana shigar da na'urorin da suke amfani da shi sau ɗaya kuma suna karɓar sabuntawa na rayuwa. A cikin Linux, Arch Linux ne, kuma an yi imanin cewa Windows 10 zai kasance lokacin da suka tabbatar da cewa zai zama sabon sigar tsarin Microsoft (yanzu an san cewa za a samu Windows 11). Kodayake, da kyau, Windows kawai ya cika ɓangaren sabuntawa don rayuwa, kuma ba ma hakan ba.
• Shell: Linux umarni ko mai fassara umarni.
• su: umarni wanda ma'anarsa shine "masanya mai amfani", kuma galibi ana amfani dashi don canzawa daga wannan mai amfani zuwa wani. Yana yin haka ta hanyar fara harsashi mai shiga cikin kundin adireshi da muhalli na yanzu (su) ko ta hanyar canzawa gaba ɗaya zuwa saitunan mai amfani da aka yi niyya (su -).
• sudo: umarni don neman haɓaka ko manyan gata na mai amfani. Yawancin lokaci ana sanya shi a gaban wasu umarni don samun damar yin wasu ayyuka, kamar shigar da software ko matsar da fayiloli zuwa kundayen adireshi masu kariya. Labari game da sudo da su.
• karye: Manajan kunshin da haɓakawa wanda Canonical ya haɓaka kuma waccan kishiyar Flatpak don kasancewa fakiti na duniya waɗanda suka haɗa da software da abin dogaro, lokacin aiki da sauran su a cikin fakiti ɗaya. Suna kuma sandbox. Labari mai dangantaka.
• tana mai girgiza: mai sarrafa taga magajin zuwa i3 wanda ke samuwa akan tsarin aiki na tushen Linux. An ƙera shi don yin aiki a Wayland, kuma ba shi da tebur ɗin da za a yi amfani da shi. Gilashin suna buɗewa a cikin cikakken allo, tare da iyakoki masu daidaitawa, sabbin windows suna raba allon ta atomatik kuma zaka iya canzawa daga wannan "tebur" zuwa wani tare da gajerun hanyoyin keyboard. A gaskiya ma, ƙwararren mai amfani zai iya yin shi duka tare da keyboard. Da yake ba shi da abubuwa da yawa na yanayin hoto na al'ada, yana da sauƙi.
• Symlink: "alama" ko "laushi" mahadi, wanda a cikin wasu tsarin ana kiransa "gajerun hanyoyi". Ana iya amfani da su, misali, don samun damar fayil ko babban fayil daga wata hanya. Haɓaka relacionado.
• kwando: ana rarraba software da yawa a matsa. Tsarin da aka fi amfani da shi don wannan shine TAR, daga Tape Archive, kuma kwalta ko tarfile shine sunan da aka ba ƙungiya ko fayil ɗin da aka haɗa da ƙarin fayiloli waɗanda aka haɗa ta amfani da umarnin TAR ko software na matsawa na hoto (GUI). Ana iya samun su tare da tsawo na .tar ko .tar.gz, kuma ana iya shigar da software kai tsaye daga ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa.
• Terminal: peripheral da ke mu'amala da dan Adam, ya kunshi fitarwa da shigar da shi, allo da maballin kwamfuta. A haƙiƙa, abin da muke amfani da shi a cikin Linux lokacin da muke kan tsarin da ke da hoto mai hoto shine "koyi na ƙarshe".
• Uxauka: Linux mascot. Penguin ne kuma yana bayyana a cikin software kamar Tux Guitar, Tux Paint ko Tux Kart. Labari mai dangantaka.
• Wayland: ƙa'idar nuni tare da ƙarin matakan tsaro. Ana ɗaukar kowane app a matsayin abokin ciniki kuma kayan aikin sabar ne, kuma Wayland zai zama gadar da ke sa hoton ya yiwu. A yau, yawancin masu haɓakawa suna mai da hankali kan Wayland saboda shine mafi kyawun zaɓi kuma gaba yana cikinsa.
• Wine: acronym for Wine Ba Emulator ba ne, amma a zahiri yana da alama. Software ne wanda ya ƙunshi duk abin da kuke buƙata don gudanar da aikace-aikacen Windows akan Linux, amma kuma akan macOS har ma da Android. A cikin ci gaba da ci gaba da haɓakawa a kan lokaci, ana iya shigar da shi, misali, Guitar Pro akan Linux.
• X11Window X (kuma aka sani da X11, ko kawai X) tsarin taga abokin ciniki / uwar garken don nunin bitmap. Ana aiwatar da shi a mafi yawan tsarin aiki kamar UNIX kuma an tura shi zuwa wasu tsarin da yawa.

Wani abu kuma don ƙarawa?

Wannan labarin game da ƙamus na Linux zai sabunta akan lokaci don haɗa ƙarin ma'anoni. Da farko mun kara wadannan ne saboda mun san cewa da yawa daga cikinku kuna da shakku game da su, kamar "kwalba". Manufarmu ita ce mu taimaka muku fahimta, kuma muna fatan bayan karanta wannan ƙamus na Linux zai kasance da sauƙi don karanta wasu labaran kan blog.