Uyini umbhalo?

Iwebhu igcwele amatemu angadida ochwepheshe okungebona be-IT. Amanye ala magama angaba ikhodi yomthombo, imibhalo noma iskripthi, amazwibela, njll. Yebo, ngokuya ngekhodi yomthombo, yiwo wonke lowo mbhalo noma imininingwane ebhalwe kusetshenziswa ulimi lohlelo nokuhlonipha i-syntax ethile yokwenza i-algorithm noma umsebenzi othile ozokwakha uhlelo.

Ngakho-ke, Ikhodi yomthombo yigama elithile elejwayelekile futhi kubanzi, ukwazi ukufaka namanye amagama, ngoba amazwibela ayisiqeshana sekhodi yomthombo ngokuvamile engabi yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho sizinikezela ekwakhiweni kwewebhu noma sidinga ukufaka isibhengezo kuwebhusayithi yethu, imvamisa abahlinzeki bezikhangiso njengeGoogle Adsense noma ama-Amazon Affiliates basinikeza amazwibela anekhodi ye-HTML ukuze sikwazi ukuyifaka kuwebhusayithi yethu. Ngakho-ke akusilo uhlelo oluphelele, kepha izingcezu zekhodi ezincane ezisebenzisekayo.

Ulimi oluhunyushiwe nolimi oluhlanganisiwe:

Uma uzibuza uyini umbhalo noma umbhaloKufanele wazi ukuthi ekuhlelweni leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kukhodi yomthombo ebhalwe ngohlobo oluthile lolimi oluhunyushiwe (cishe njalo). Futhi yimuphi umehluko okhona ezilimini ezihlanganisiwe zendabuko? Yebo, ngokungafani nalokhu, ikhodi yomthombo ayihlanganiswa kanye futhi iguqulwe ibe kanambambili, kepha kunalokho kudingeka utolika ukuze asebenze njengomxhumanisi futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho uhlelo luzokwenziwa, umhumushi kufanele ahumushe ikhodi ukuze umshini uyiqonde . Lokho wukuthi, izinyathelo ezifingqiwe kuzoba:

I-athikili ehlobene:

Umhlahlandlela wokufaka we-CentOS 7 igxathu negxathu

1. Bhala ikhodi yomthombo Ohlelo lusebenzisa olunye ulimi lohlelo ukuhlanganisa njenge-C, BASIC, C ++, Ada, ALGOL, D, COBOL, GO, Fortran, G, Lisp, Pascal, Swift, Visual Basic, njll. Ikhodi ingabhalwa kunoma yisiphi isihleli sombhalo noma kusetshenziswe imvelo yentuthuko ephelele noma i-IDE.
2. Sihlanganisa ikhodi source Kusetshenziswa umhlanganisi othile, njenge-GNU GCC. Ngalokhu sikwazi ukuguqula leyo miyalo ibe ngolimi olusezingeni eliphakeme kuphela abahleli bama-programme nabahlanganisi abaluqonda emshinini noma olimini olunambambili oluyaqondakala noma lusebenze yi-CPU.
3. El kanambambili kungenziwa izikhathi eziningi lapho sidinga khona ngaphandle kokuya ezinyathelweni zangaphambilini futhi. Eqinisweni, abathengisi abaningi be-software basithumela kanambambili ngqo ukuze sisebenze kukhompyutha yethu. Kuzoba uhlelo lokusebenza olulawula izinqubo ezidingekayo kulokhu, ama-syscalls, njll.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibhalo ayilandeli lezi zinyathelo futhi kusetshenziswa izilimi ezihumushiwe. Kuningi izilimi ezihumushiwe, njengaleyo esetshenziswe kutolika weBash, okuzosetshenziswa kakhulu ku-GNU / Linux nakwezinye i-Unix, kanye nezilimi ezaziwa kakhulu njengePerl, iPython, iRuby, iJavaScript, njll. Ngabo ungabhala ikhodi ezokwakha iskripthi esingeke sibe lutho ngaphandle kwefayela lomyalo noma ukucubungula i-batch. Ngokusobala ngokuya ngolimi olusetshenzisiwe, i-syntax izohluka. Endabeni yolimi oluhunyushiwe, i-oda lizoshintshela ku:

1. Sibhala iskripthi noma ikhodi yomthombo usebenzisa noma yiluphi ulimi lohlelo. Singasebenzisa futhi i-IDE noma umhleli wombhalo nje.
2. Kulokhu, ayihlanganisiwe, kepha ingenziwa ngqo ngosizo lotolika. Lokho wukuthi, uma sisebenzisa iBash, siyidinga ukuthi ifakwe ohlelweni ukuze sikwazi ukwenza umbhalo wethu. Uma sisebenzisa iskripthi sePython, sidinga ukutolika kwePython kufakiwe, njll.
3. Nini siqhuba iskripthi, Kuzoba utolika ohumusha amagama noma ulimi olukulo (yingakho igama lalo), okusho ukuthi, le miyalo ayidlulisi ngqo ohlelweni olusebenzayo naku-CPU, ngoba ibingazukubabona ngaphandle kosizo lomxhumanisi noma umhumushi ongumhumushi.

Lokho kusho, siyabona ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi kukhona izinzuzo kanye nokubi. Endabeni yamafayili ahlanganisiwe, awadingi ukuhlanganiswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngakho-ke, uma sekuhlanganiswe okokuqala, singenza kanambambili kaningi ngendlela esifuna ngayo ngaphandle kokuchitha izinsiza kukho. Lokhu akwenzeki kwizikripthi, okuzodinga ukwaba izinsiza notolika, ngakho-ke kuzohamba kancane ngokujwayelekile.

Ukwakha umbhalo wethu wokuqala ku-Linux:

Esibonelweni sethu sizosebenzisa ulimi lohlelo oluhunyushiwe lukaBash, ngakho-ke umhumushi wethu uzoba uBash. Okokuqala kufanele sazi ukuthi baningi amafayela weskripthi anezihloko eyaziwa njengeShebang ngokusho kotolika osetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, eLinux singathola abahumushi abehlukene, esimweni sikaBash, ishibang ngu #! / Bin / bash, kepha kunoma yikuphi okunye kuzoba okubili okukhomba kutolika noma kugobolondo kuleli cala. Futhi, esimweni se-Unix neLinux, ifayili leskripthi imvamisa linokwandiswa .sh.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungayakha kanjani i-usb ebhuthekayo kusuka esigungwini kunoma ikuphi ukusatshalaliswa

Embhalweni singasebenzisa imiyalo yokuhumusha, ama-opharetha, ama-constants, njll. Isibonelo, singadala umbhalo olula ukwenza amakhophi wesipele ohlelweni lwethu futhi adale irekhodi nosuku lokudala ifayili elibizwa nge- backup.sh nesihleli sombhalo esiyithandayo. Okuqukethwe kwayo kuzoba:

<div>

<pre><span class="com">#<span class="simbol">!</span>/bin/bash
</span></pre>
<pre>tar cvf /backup/copia<span class="simbol">.</span>tar /home/usuario</pre>
<pre>date <span class="simbol">></span> /backup/log_copia</pre>
</div>

Isibonelo, esibonelweni esingenhla uzokwakha ikhophi eyisipele yomkhombandlela / wasekhaya / womsebenzisi bese uwupakisha kumbhalo we-tarball obizwa ngokuthi yi-copy.tar, bese ubhala idethi yelog. Ukuze sikwenze, kuzofanele sikunikeze izimvume zokwenza, ngokwesibonelo:

chmod +x backup.sh

./backup.sh

Isibonelo esilula Ngicabanga ukuthi kuma-novices amaningi ukuthi uyini umbhalo. Yimuphi umbuzo ophindeka kahle muva nje ...