Kuningi ukuqhathanisa yalolu hlobo kwi-Intanethi, kepha iningi lenziwa ngabavikeli abaqinile be-BSD. Lokhu kubenza bangathembeki futhi bangakhethi, ngakho-ke nginqume ukwenza lokhu kuqhathanisa komuntu siqu. Njengomsebenzisi wokusatshalaliswa kweLinux neFreeBSD ngingacacisa impela uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlaziya zombili lezi zinhlelo, zombili izinzuzo nezinkinga zazo. Ngaphambi kwalokho ngifuna ukucacisa ukuthi zombili izinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, zikhululekile. Ngalokhu angifuni ukushiya i-BSD imbi ngenxa yayo, kepha ukuchaza ukuthi kungani iLinux ivele yanqoba futhi isabalele kakhulu.
Yikuphi ukunambitheka okuthandayo? I-Linux inamakhulu we ukwabiwa eziguqulelwa kwizidingo zabasebenzisi bokugcina noma ezinyunyaneni ezahlukahlukene. Esikhundleni salokho i-BSD inezinhlobonhlobo ezigxila kokuthize, njengokusebenza (i-FreeBSD), amandla (i-NetBSD), ukuphepha (i-OpenBSD), njll.
El ukuthuthukiswa esimweni se-BSD, kwenziwa ngamaqembu abaduni (iCore Team) nabanye abahlose ukwenza uhlelo oluphelele lokusebenza. I-Linux, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-kernel, hhayi uhlelo oluphelele lokusebenza, futhi ithuthukiswa ngokubambisana nezinkampani, abaduni, abahleli be-kernel, nabanye abanikeli bomphakathi. I-Linux nakanjani ineminikelo eminingi nentuthuko ngokushesha okukhulu.
Mayelana amalayisense, I-BSD ilayisense yokuphathelene nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-BSD. Le layisense ibekelwe imigoqo emincane kakhulu, ngoba ivumela okuphuma noma amafoloko ukuthi abe nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwelayisense, yingakho kungahle kube khona ama-BSD ezentengiselwano navalwayo, isibonelo I-Apple Mac OS X (I-EULA ilayisensi futhi ikhokhelwe). Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-GPL iyilayisense iLinux engaphansi kwayo futhi lokhu kunemikhawulo engaphezulu, engavumeli okuphuma kokunye ukuthi kuvalwe. Ngakho-ke asisoze sayibona i-Linux engekho mahhala.
La ukuzinza nokuqina kuhle kuzo zombili izimo, zombili ku-Linux naku-BSD. Kepha uma eyodwa kufanele iqokonyiswe ngaphezu kwenye, lokho kungaba yiLinux. I-BSD inezinkinga zokuqina lapho isebenza nezinhlelo ezithile zesimanje. Njengoba kuyizinhlamvu ze-monolithic, abashayeli bathinta ukuzinza kernel uma kunenkinga. I-BSD inezinkinga zokukhipha i-USB ngaphandle kokuyikhipha kuqala, ikhiqiza i-Kernel Panic. I-Linux, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-modular futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ususe noma ungeze amamojula kalula ngaphandle kokuthinta ukuzinza kwe-kernel futhi ngaphandle kokuqalisa kabusha.
El ukusebenza kunjalo enye indawo enexhaphozi okukhona kuyo izinganekwane eziningi. I-FreeBSD iyi-BSD esebenza kahle kakhulu elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Kepha iyashesha kuneLinux? Kufanele ihlaziywe ngokucophelela, iqiniso ukuthi izivivinyo eziningi zeBenchmarks ezenziwe yiPhoronix ziveze ukuthi i-BSD ihamba kancane kunokuhanjiswa kweLinux. Esinye sezizathu zokudiliza le nganekwane ukuthi i-BSD yathuthukiswa kumakhompyutha we-Mac OS X asebenzisa i-Clang compiler, isihlanganisi esingacacisi ngokuba ngomunye wabahamba phambili. I-Linux yengxenye yayo ithuthukiswe ngenxa yomhlanganisi we-GCC futhi lena ingasho ukuthi iyona ehamba phambili futhi eyenza ikhodi esebenza kahle kakhulu.
I-Linux iyi ngaphezulu ephephile ngeminikelo efana ne-SELinux ne-AppArmor, ungakhohlwa umphakathi obanzi wabathuthukisi abahlala behlola ikhodi yezimbungulu nobuthakathaka futhi beyithuthukisa njalo. I-BSD ayicwaningwa kangako ngakho-ke, yize bethi kwi-BSD kulula ukuthola nokulungisa amaphutha ngabaphathi beqembu lezentuthuko, akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. I-OpenBSD yi-BSD ehloselwe ukuphepha ngakho-ke ivikeleke kakhulu, kepha ngezinga elingakanani… futhi ngokwazi kangakanani ukuthi uTheo de Raadt, oyinhloko yephrojekthi ye-OpenBSD ne-OpenSSH, uvumile ukushiya iminyango emuva ukuze i-FBI ingene kulezi zinhlelo.
Esigabeni usabilityI-Linux ifinyelele kubantu abaningi nge-Ubuntu futhi namuhla kulula ukuyisebenzisa kunama-BSD amaningi. Kokubili kunendawo yokuqhafaza eyenza konke kube enembile, kepha iLinux iqhubekele phambili kulokhu. Eqinisweni, ngisho ne-PCBSD, i-GhostBSD noma i-DesktopBSD, ekhonjwe kahle kumsebenzisi wasekhaya, ikwazile ukuhambisana nokusatshalaliswa kweLinux.
Kepha ukuhambisana kwehardwareI-Linux isekela ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye ne-hardware eningi ngokushesha okukhulu. Eqinisweni iLinux ayinakho okuningi ukuhalela iWindows noma iMac OS X. Kule nkambu iBSD ikude ngeminyaka, izithola isesimweni lapho iLinux yayineminyaka eyishumi edlule. Inkinga enkulu ngehardware ye-BSD ivela ekuthuthukisweni kwayo, ngoba yenziwa kusetshenziswa amasistimu e-Mac OS X, izivivinyo zenziwa kule mishini ngokwenza uhlelo lube ne-VMWare. Okusebenza ku-visualization kungenzeka kungasebenzi lapho kuvivinywa isistimu emshinini wangempela.
El isoftware etholakalayo yeLinux ibanzi kunaleyo etholakala kuma-BSD, yize ekuvikeleni kufanele kuthiwe isoftware yeLinux ingafakwa kwi-BSD ngokunika amandla ukuhambisana kwale nhloso. Kule nkambu ingawina i-BSD, ngoba inamaphrojekthi afana newayini namanye ama-emulators enza ukuthi isoftware yezinye izinhlelo ezisebenzayo isebenze. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho uhlaziya isigaba segeyimu yevidiyo, iLinux iwina ngokudilika komhlaba. Kukhona imidlalo yevidiyo eyanda ngokwengeziwe yohlelo lwama-penguin, kuyilapho lena isilela nge-BSD.
INetBSD, uhlelo eziphathwayo Ukusebenza okuhle kuthunyelwe ngemindeni engaphezu kuka-56 yokwakha noma imindeni yezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha. Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi ishaya iLinux? Cha, iLinux ifakwe kuma-platforms afinyelela kwikhulu (VAX, AMD64, x86, Itanium, SPARC, Alpha, MIPS, AVR32, Blackfin, ARM, ARC, Microblaze, SuperH, s390, PA-RISC, Xtensa, OpenRISC, I-PowerPC, i-m68k, njll.).
Ungabona ukuqhathanisa kwe-BSD vs. I-Linux plus kukhulisiwe futhi kuphelele ku ibhulogi Architechnology. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ukuthandile lokhu kuqhathanisa nokuthi uyazi ukuthi ungakwazisa kanjani okuhle kohlelo lwe-GNU / Linux, esikhundleni sokugxeka ezinye izinhlelo ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi bakhuluma ngani.
Imininingwane engaphezulu - UJordani Hubbard Omunye Ushiya I-Apple
Umthombo - Izakhiwo
Imininingwane enhle, bengingazi ukuthi izinhlelo ze-BSD zinama "flavour" amaningi, bengazi kuphela i-FREEBSD ne-OPENBSD
Uthi uzobe ungachemi, kepha angiboni ukuqhathanisa lapho kuzuza i-BSD. Ukwazi nje ukusebenzisa ama-Linux binaries.
I-BSD isinikeza izinhlelo ezinamandla kakhulu, ezizinzile kakhulu futhi zingamaphrojekthi abucayi kakhulu kuneLinux. Inqubo yokukhiqizwa kokukhishwa inzima kakhulu futhi ilawulwa (ingasaphathwa eyokuthi iFreeBSD uhlelo oluphelele lokusebenza futhi iLinux ivele iyikernel).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yonke into ihleleke ngokwengeziwe, imibhalo mihle kakhulu futhi amakhasi endoda ahlukile.
Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zombili, kwezinye izimo iFreeBSD ingcono, kwezinye i-GNU / Linux. Ngibe nokuhlangenwe nakho ngethrafikhi esindayo lapho iFreeBSD isebenza kangcono.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile kwi-PC yedeskithophu, i-GNU / Linux iyindlela engcono kakhulu, ngenxa yokusekelwa ekunikezayo maqondana nehardware nangenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokuhanjiswa okuqondiswe ekwenzeni kube lula ukusetshenziswa. Kepha kumaseva, kuyinkinga okufanele ihlaziywe, ngokwesibonelo ngingaqiniseka kakhulu ku-OpenBSD noma ku-FreeBSD esebenza njenge-firewall, ngenxa yokuqina kuleso simo nangenxa ye-firewall uqobo (kungokwakho uqobo, kepha ngithanda pf kunama-iptables).
Ngibona ukuthuthukiswa kweLinux njengeqembu labantu abafuna ukumboza i-Hardware ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kokuya ngokuqinile ezindabeni zokuphepha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Hardware esekelwa ku-BSD incane, kepha kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi isebenza ngokuzinzile kulokho ekusekelayo. Mhlawumbe inqubekela phambili ihamba kancane, ngenxa yenani elincishisiwe lonjiniyela eliqhathaniswa neLinux, ukwesekwa kwezinkampani, njll. Kepha ngikubona kubucayi kakhulu.
Esinye isihloko esibaluleke kakhulu ku-BSD umuthi wamachweba, usivumela ukuthi sifake isoftware kusuka kukhodi yomthombo, ngenzuzo ecacile yokukwazi ukuyiguqula futhi siyivumelanise nezidingo zethu. Noma ukuhlanganiswa namafulegi okungasinika inzuzo ngokwendlela esakhiwe ngayo.
Mayelana namalayisense, i-BSD ibonakala ilula futhi inengqondo ngokwengeziwe. Ngoba uma sikhuluma ngenkululeko, i-GPL iyasinqabela ukuthi siguqule izinhlelo futhi sisabalalise ama-binaries ngaphandle kwekhodi yomthombo, kanti i-BSD ayikho. Akuwona umkhawulo wenkululeko? Ngemvume ye-BSD, ngikhululekile ukwenza noma yini engiyifunayo ngekhodi.
Ekuphetheni, zombili izinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu. Kuzoya ngesimo abazosetshenziswa kuso noma kunambitheka nolwazi lomuntu ngamunye ukunquma ukuthi uzohlala nobani.
Ungabi yisilima uJuan. I-GPL iqinisekisa ukuthi isoftware ihlala imahhala. Kungumkhawulo maqondana nesici senkululeko ephelele, ukuyivumela ukuthi ihlale ikhululekile, hhayi ngokuphelele.
I-GNU / Linux ihlolwe yizinkampani eziningi. I-BSD yabambalwa kuphela.
Unamathuluzi asebenza kangcono kune-BSD futhi indlela yayo yokwenza izinto ezintsha ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise ubuchwepheshe futhi ubambe iqhaza ezimeni eziningi.
I-FreeBSD inhle kuphela ngezindlela eziphakathi kakhulu.
Futhi yeka ukuba yinsini enjalo, kuvame kakhulu ukuthi abalandeli be-BSD bahlasele i-GNU / Linux.
Futhi i-FreeBSD ekusekelweni kwe-Hardware isemuva kakhulu ezicini eziningi. I-BSD isebenza kuphela ezindaweni ezincane.
Sawubona Anm, ubukeka ungenanhlonipho kimi ngenxa yendlela okhuluma ngayo nabanye abasebenzisi ngokuthuka, futhi futhi unephutha elibi kakhulu ngoba yize ilayisense le-GPL ngombono livikela inkululeko nge-copyleft, empeleni i-Linux igcwele amabhuloki kanambambili lapho ikhodi yomthombo ingekho iyatholakala. Futhi lokhu akushiwo yimina, kuthiwa ngokwesibonelo nguGreg Kroah, omunye wabathuthukisi abakhulu beLinux, ukuthi iLinux yephula i-GPL.
http://www.kroah.com/log/linux/ols_2006_keynote.html
Ngakho-ke uma ungasebenzisi i-linux-libre noma i-kernel ehlinzekwa yi-Debian ngokuzenzakalela, i-kernel yakho ikhululekile futhi ngiyethemba ukuthi awusebenzisi i-adobe flash plugin, ngoba lokho akuyona mahhala futhi, noma iklayenti le-Skype , Spotify njll.
Abasebenzisi abaningi beLinux bayayizonda iMicrosoft. Uyazi ukuthi iMicrosoft ingenye yezinkampani ezinikela kakhulu kwiKernel? Njengezinye izinkampani eziningi zokuziphatha okusolisayo. Lapho unayo, yonke into inenhlalo kakhulu.
Futhi-ke leyo enye into oyishoyo ukuthi umhlaba we-BSD awusunguli, ingabe usebenzise i-SSH? Yakhiwa ngabantu be-OpenBSD, izinqubo ezifana ne-TCP / IP kanye ne-DNS izisekelo ze-Intanethi zinethonya elikhulu elivela ezweni lase-Unix ne-BSD, lapho kutholakala ukuthi i-SSL evulekile ibukeka njengoshizi kaGruyer kusuka kwinani lezimbobo okokuqala ukusebenza ekusetshenzisweni okuthembekile kwakungabantu be-OpenBSD abaneLibreSSL. I-ZFS Uyazi ukuthi yini? abokuqala ukwenza itheku kwakungabantu abavela kwaFreeBSD, uyazi ukuthi iyiphi i-pkgsrc, enye yezinhlelo eziphambili kakhulu zephakeji? Uyazi ukuthi iDranonflyBSD enye yezinhlelo ezisebenza kakhulu kunazo zonke? Futhi amakheji eFreeBSD kuze kube yileso sikhathi izinkampani ezimbalwa kakhulu zazenze into efanayo. Futhi njalonjalo isikhathi eside njll.
Futhi-ke uyazivumela ukuthi ubize abasebenzisi be-BSD njengabashisekeli ... kepha ngiyacela, uma ungazi lutho ngendaba okungenani ungakuvezi nalokhu kuziqhenya, wena oshisekayo.
Ekugcineni, phawula ukuthi lokhu kusayinwe ngumsebenzisi we-GNU / Linux othanda ilayisense le-GPL ngesici sayo senhlalo, kepha ngiyabona ukuthi abantu be-BSD benza izinto kahle kakhulu ngenkathi i-Linux yanda ubuthi be-kernel ogcwele ama-patches nama-Binary blobs ngamunye inkampani ibeka ukusekela imikhiqizo yayo.
Ezingxenyeni ezithile, ngijoyine, ngivumelana nawe:
1) I-anm ayinanhlonipho, ukungavumelani kunengqondo futhi kuyinto ejwayelekile, kudala impikiswano futhi kuyinto enhle, hhayi ukuthuka.
2) I-BSD ayisilo uhlelo olubi lokusebenza, kungakhathalekile ukuthi lukala bani, okwenzekayo ukuthi kwezinye izinto kungcono kuneLinux kanti kwabanye akunjalo, uma ubheka lokho, okuthandwa nguwe nezidingo zakho, ungasebenzisa eyodwa noma enye futhi nokuthile okungcono, ukusebenzisa zombili, ukugcwalisana.
I-3) Akukhona ukuthi inegalelo kernel, ngukuthi babone amandla weLinux (leyo ngaphambi kokuthi bengavumeli ukufinyelela okuvela kusihlukanisi seWindows) futhi manje (okuyisimo sezulu sezulu), ukuyikhokha kuthiwe, ukukusebenzisa (inhlamvu). Kanjani? Uma ubheka ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux ngokwengeziwe, unezinhlelo zokusebenza zeWindows, ezinjengeSkype, noma ukufinyelela kuzinhlelo zeHhovisi ... Yebo, iLinux ithwala isoftware ephathelene nokuningi (Abashayeli beNvidia nabangaphandle, i-Chrome, iDropbox, I-Steam, i-plugin yeFlash Player, iTeamviewer, i-Opera, iSpotify, iCrossover, iVivaldi, i-WPS nezinye eziningi ezingishiye ngisepayipini). Futhi ine-Spyware (uma iMicrosoft ibona ukuthi i-Skype iyakuhlola, ungayi-Google futhi uzibonele yona).
I-4) Kepha ayigcini lapho, hhayi iMicrosoft kuphela ekwenza, iCanonical nayo iyakwenza. Abanye bazokhumbula umfana owathi kuwe i-Ubuntu telemetry, bamthumelela incwadi esemthethweni evela kuCanonical, bemyalela ukuthi ayeke ukusebenzisa igama elithi Ubuntu nelogo yayo (ngakho-ke akakwazanga ukukhuluma ngakho).
Ubuntu kanye nokutholakala kwayo okusemthethweni (Xubuntu, Lubuntu ...) akugcini ngokuthwala isoftware eningi ngaphakathi, bahlola konke okwenzayo. Lowo mfana, kubhulogi yakhe, utshele ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ingasebenzi yonke leyo telemetry / spyware ukuze ingadlali ngemfihlo yakho ...
I-5) I-BSD ingcono kuneLinux ngandlela thile futhi yimbi kwezinye, kepha lokho akukwenzi neze kube yi-OS embi.
I-6) Ngokuphathelene nesoftware ephathelene ne-spyware, ngeshwa, iLinux, ekusabalalisweni okuningi, ayisasebenzi mahhala, futhi ine-spyware, siyakuhalalisela, isinyathelo esisodwa sokubukeka njengeWindows. I-BSD ngalowo mqondo isakhululekile futhi ngaphandle kwaleyo spyware ebizwa nge-skype.
7) Kufanele sikhathazeke ngalokho okwenziwa yiMicrosoft ngeLinux ... Ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux okungu-100% mahhala kuya ngokuya kuncipha.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-BSD ingaba yinhle njenge-firewall, kepha uma ufuna izinketho ezisezingeni eliphakeme njengokulinganisa idatha ye-QOS, noma ukusetha i-Radius server, lokho akukho ku-BSD. Kukhawulelwe kakhulu ngokuya ngezinketho ku-Linux kunezinkulungwane zamamojula we-kernel wokuphatha iseva lapho ufuna ukuqala ukwenza izinto iBSD esezingeni eliphakeme isilela. Ngemuva kwalokho kwesihlahla samachweba ... yilokho iGentoo ekhona futhi ne-Arch ne-Arch Build System yayo.
kungamanga ukuthi iMicrosoft iyona enikela kakhulu ku-kernel. Lapho usulungise leyo ndlela, uzoqhubekisela phambili okuthile.
Ngalo lonke iqiniso? Ngiyacela…. I-Linux iphephe kakhulu kune-BSD? Kusebenza kangcono? Umama…
Kufanele uzibhale kangcono. UTheo akazange avume ukushiya iminyango emuva ku-OpenBSD. Eqinisweni, uDarpa wayeka ukunikela ngokugxeka ezombusazwe zomhlaba wonke e-United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho ikhodi ye-OpenBSD ihlolwe futhi ayikho iminyango yangemuva, futhi kwenziwa ukufakazela ukumangalelwa okungamanga.
Ukuqhathanisa okulungile (?), Ngibona kuphela imibono evuna iLinux ne-blah blah blah. Ngingumsebenzisi we-linux kepha ngihlale ngithanda * i-BSD.
Ukuthi i-BSD ifana ne-linux eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule? Yeka ispunk esikhulu okufanele usifunde nalaba ochwepheshe be-inthanethi mbumbulu. Cishe njalo ubuchwepheshe obusha buku-BSD ne-Linux okungenani izinyanga ezi-3 zokwehluka (ngokwesibonelo umyalo we-TRIM, i-AHCI, i-IPv6 nabanye abaningi)
Noma kunjalo, ngicabanga ukuthi ama-jihadists we-GNU ayacasula ukuthi i-BSD ayisebenzisi amalayisense we-GPL, isebenzisa i-gcc compiler yayo futhi izibiza ngesoftware yamahhala nayo yonke leyo verbiage.
Noma kunjalo, ngisanda kuthola ukuthi kukhona umuntu othile weTaliban kuphela kune-linux fanboy: i-BSD fanboy !!!
amaqanda
uhlelo lwe-monolithic ne-modular, uma ungazi, ungavuli umlomo wakho
Ngabe lo mfana wake wasebenzisa i-kldload? yena! abampofu abangazi ... angazi ukuthi bamvumela kanjani ukuthi ashicilele udoti kanjena, thola okwengeziwe ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa ...
Ukuqhathanisa okungenangqondo futhi okungathi sína kakhulu engikubone empilweni yami kufanelekile ukuba NGINGAZIBONI othanda iLinux, iqiniso lokuthi abaningi bethu abasebenzisa iLinux akusho ukuthi siyabadelela abaholi be-BSD ekusebenzeni nasekuphepheni phakathi kwezinye izinto, le bhulogi kufanele qhathanisa hhayi ukwehlisa isithunzi, Yeka ukuhlekisa.
Emzamweni wami wokusondela kuLinux - ngifuna ukushiya iWindows - ngithole ukuthambekela okwedlulele kokweqisa kunokuba kubuchwepheshe. Kunamabhulogi ambalwa lapho ukuqhathaniswa phakathi kwamanye ama-OS kusondelwa ngendlela engakhethi, ingasaphathwa phakathi kwama-distros we-Linux efanayo! I-BSD idonsa ukunaka kwami (yize ngingakayisebenzisi) futhi ngicabanga ukuthi noma ngabe bekuwuhlelo olusebenzayo olungenasisekelo bekungeke kube nesizathu sokuthuka abasebenzisi bayo.
Ukuzidwebela okuningi yilokho okufanele ukwenze ngaphambi kokushicilela amagalelo nje! .. uhlelo olusebenzayo alukaze lube ngcono ngoba lusetshenziswa inombolo ethile yabasebenzisi, uma kungenjalo ngeminikelo nezixazululo ezinikeza umsebenzisi, nganoma iyiphi indlela, umsebenzisi IMac ingasho ukuthi iMac ingcono kuneWindows noma iLinux noma i-BSD, cishe kuyo yonke into ukushisekela ikhompyutha kuphuphuthekisa ukuvulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha noma ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezinhlelo ezinhle ngokwazi kwethu ukuthi uhlelo oluvumelana nomsebenzisi hhayi okuphambene nalokho.
Kepha ngokusebenza ulungile impela, noma ngabe abaningi basungulwe lapha ngenxa yokushiseka kwabo ngokweqile ukuthi i-bsd inenzuzo enkulu. Amabhentshimakhi ayakufakazela, kungcono kukhulunywe ngokuhlolwa.
http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=pcbsd-101-first&num=1
I-kernel yeLinux ayiyona imodeli ngokuqhathaniswa ne-BSD ...
Futhi, angibonanga lutho ngezinzuzo ze-BSD. Ngisebenzisa izinhlelo zeLinux, kepha benginentshisekelo yokuhlola iFreeBSD. Futhi kuyadabukisa ukuthi isixhumanisi esithunyelwe ekugcineni kwendatshana asitholakali.
Uma ufuna "lonke iqiniso", nakhu (livela kothile owasebenzise womabili):
Uma udinga isiphakeli ngaphandle kwezinkinga eziningi kakhulu noma imvelo yohlelo oluzinzile nephelele futhi awunandaba nemikhawulo yelayisense ye-GPL, bese ukhetha iLinux.
Uma udinga konke lokhu okungenhla, futhi ukhetha ilayisense ye-BSD ekhululekile mahhala ukuthi ungavala ngisho nekhodi, uyisebenzele futhi uyithengise (njengoba kwenza i-Apple nge-Mac OS, noma i-Sony ene-PS3 ne-PS4), khetha i-BSD.
Ukusebenza ngokuhlakanipha, akunandaba! Ungagconwa. Uma i-Google isebenzisa i-Linux ne-NASA isebenzisa i-BSD ayisebenzeli kakhulu kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe, empeleni ososayensi abaningi belebhu basebenzisa ... iWindows! Uma unekhompyutha endala kakhulu (futhi iza ne-Windows efakwe kuqala) zombili i-Linux ne-BSD zizosebenza ngaphandle kobunzima (nginekhompyutha yakudala kusuka ngo-2006 ene-1GB ye-RAM engiyisebenzisela ukuzama futhi isebenzisa izinhlobo zakamuva kakhulu Kokubili ngaphandle kwezinkinga).
Futhi uma ungumfana ojwayelekile ongakhathaleli noma yikuphi kwalokhu okungenhla futhi ngasizathu simbe iWindows ayikufaneli, bese ukhetha iLinux, okufana ne-Unix yabaqalayo ngezinye "imihlobiso" (i-GNOME, KDE, UNITY, njll.), bese ushiya i-BSD kubasebenzisi abaphambili kakhulu.
Ngakho konke lokhu okungenhla, i-Linux ne-BSD banezinkinga eziningi (ukungahambelani komshayeli, izimbungulu, njll.), Futhi ungaba nezikhathi ezibuhlungu kakhulu (angicabangi ukuthi kudingekile ukuzisho zonke, uyazi ukuthi ngiyini ngikhuluma). Kwesinye isikhathi ukuvuselelwa okulula kungaphonsa uhlelo kuwe futhi angikhathali ukuthi abalandeli bathini: uma ungashongo ukuthi "Lokhu kuyabheda!" ngezikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa lapho usebenzisa i-Linux noma i-BSD, awuzange uyisebenzise ngokwanele.
Sengivele ngidlule kuzo zonke futhi ngicabanga ukuthi nginganikeza umbono onenhloso, noma ngabe kukhona umuntu ozothi patatá! futhi # @ grrr!, kepha nakhu ngiya:
I-FreeBSD: yomsolwa ovamile onjengawe: ubunzima bokufakwa, ulwazi oluthuthukile ku-UNIX nezimbungulu, okungaguquguquki kunokujwayelekile okuvame ukuholela ekubhaleni kabusha wonke amafayela wokumisa, ukukuphonsa emuva. Manje, uma uzoyisebenzisela ukuphatha inethiwekhi, yebo, ngoba i-pf akuyona i-iptables, futhi ngoba iyashesha ngokuhlangana ne-Apache neMariadb… .kuze kube lapha ngiyadoba.
I-Linux: kufanele siqale ngayo: yimuphi wabo? Awungeke uhlanganise futhi uhlanganise egameni elithi linux toooodo uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwe-chromatic, kufake kufele bese uthi: Güindous fortin!. I-Linux ihlukile futhi iyaphuma. I-Linux yi-paella. IFreeBSD ilayisi elimhlophe. Kepha ukushiya izingathekiso ngoba ngiyalamba futhi ifriji alinalutho, okokugcina lapho ngibheka i-broccoli ebikade iguquke futhi ibinika izinkuni zengulube ezigayiwe. Hamba ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami:
-Ubuntu: Ngaqala ngo-6.04. Izinkinga eziningi. Okuningi kwe. Ikhanda elibuhlungu. Kepha ngabambelela ngafika ngo-10.04 kwalandela u-12.04, yize kwakumele ngiyishiye lapho ngoba i-HDD yaqhuma, futhi bafaka amawindi 8 kukhompyutha entsha engama-64-bit. Kepha angizange ngiyibuyisele. Okulungisekayo Kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile kuhle. Futhi, ungenza izinto eziningi ngayo, kepha kwathi lapho ngiya kulanda i-14.04, ngezwa ukuthi okuvela kokunye bekukuhlobisa ...
-Linux Mint: Ngizamile i-distro ngokususelwa ku-Ubuntu 14.04 futhi… isebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa, ungenza okufanayo no-Ubuntu futhi kulungile. Kokubili, iqiniso lokuthi: zingasetshenziswa njengamaseva, yize zicace kakhulu kuneFreeBSD, ungazilungiselela ukugenca, ukuphentsa, ukwakheka kwezithombe, imidlalo, i-multimedia, izinhlelo: I-NetBeans, i-QT Creator (umphakathi), iGambas, njll. .., nayo yonke imitapo yolwazi oyifunayo iRuby, iPython, i-C ++, i-VBasic, iBorland, iPascal, iJava ... Kulungiseka kahle ngayo yonke indlela, hhayi kuphela ukubukeka abasebenzisi beFreeBSD abakubonisa njengobuwula, lapho iyakwenza lula ukusetshenziswa, kepha konke.
Okwevava: I-FreeBSD, i-ArchLinux, iRed Hat kanye nokuphuma kwazo zonke, kanye neSuse.
Okwabasebenzisi, kwanoma yiliphi izinga: BONKE, yize ngingeke ngincome iFreeBSD, i-ArchLinux, i-Gentoo kulabo abavela ku-Windows bengakaqali ngokusebenzisa ama-distros "asekhaya" amaningi njengeChromixium, iZorin noma iChaletos.
Ukukhishwa kwe-rolling akusetshenzisiwe kuseva ... manco
Hehehe, hawu
Ukufunda nje isihloko salesi sifinyezo sokufakwa kwangaphambilini ku-techrepublic kungitshele ukuthi akufanele ngichithe isikhathi sami.
Halala. I-athikili yakho ye-trollsensacionalista ithole okunye okunye ukungena. Futhi uhlu olumnyama olubanzi lwesizinda, noma kunjalo.
Ngizothumela ku-taringa isikhashana ngifunde izindaba ezivela ku-Forocoches. usale kahle?
Angivumelani nezinto eziningi ezikhulunywa yilo mbhalo. Ngaphandle kokusho izinganekwane (mayelana noTheo de Raadt ne-FBI), noma ukuthi i-BSD iyisoftware yakudala, noma ukuthi iLinux ivikeleke kakhulu, njll. Ayihloli kuzona zombili izinhlelo ezisebenza ngokulingana (kahle, iLinux iyiKernel nje, system kungaba yi-GNU).
Okucatshangwa yi- "linuxers" (yerekhodi ebengilokhu ngisebenzisa i-Debian GNU / Linux kwi-laptop yami iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10) ukuthi uma ususa abashayeli abaphethe, imitapo yolwazi kanye nesoftware ephathelene ne-Linux Linux bekungeke ukusekelwa okuningi kwehardware nomdlalo omningi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi njengoba lesi sihloko sithi sinazo.
Ku-FreeBSD noma ku-OpenBSD sifuna kuphela ukuba nesoftware yamahhala engu-100% kanye ne-100% yamashayeli wamahhala, ukuze sibe nohlelo lokusebenza oluphephile, oluthembekile, oluqinile kepha, ngaphezu kwakho konke, olunikeza abasebenzisi inkululeko yokuluguqula nokulusakaza ngokukhululeka, nokuthi alukho uhlelo lokusebenza wabantu besithathu bayabahlola.
Lokhu ngumehluko namuhla, ukuthi i- "linuxero" emaphakathi ifuna nje ukuba nedeskithophu ye-chupiguay enezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, futhi bakhohlwa imvelaphi yokuthi kungani iLinux yadalwa, futhi ikakhulukazi, kungani uRichard Stallman adala i-GNU.
Nge-BSD sigcina lowo moya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba nama-desktops ajwayelekile (i-Gnome3, i-KDE4, i-xfce, nakho konke okungenhla), izinhlelo zokufaka izinhlelo (i-Geany, i-Emacs, njll.) Kanye nezinsizakalo zokubamba, ukuphepha, ukuhlaziywa, njll.
Ekuphetheni, uma ususa yonke into ephathelene ne-GNU / Linux (engekho mahhala, ku-debian) kungahle kufane nanoma iyiphi ikhompyutha ene-BSD efakiwe.
Sanibonani nonke. I-Long Live Free Software ne-Anarchism ende ebukhoma.
Joan, vumelana ngokuphelele nakho konke okushoyo kanye ne-Long Live Anarchy!
Udaba olulodwa, uJoan, ngokombono wakho ucabanga ukuthi lubhekele ezenhlalo, ukusatshalaliswa okusekwe kwiLinux okunikezwe ilayisense ngendlela yokuxhumana nomphakathi njengeGPL kepha empeleni kube yilokhu:
http://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/members
Ngaphezu kwama-blobs, ama-binaries, ama-firmwares, nama-bots engixoxe ngawo ngokuphendula ukuphawula kuka-Anm.
Noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-BSD zinesibopho kwezenhlalo, ngentuthuko eqaphe kakhudlwana, eholwa yimiphakathi yabaduni, ngaphandle kwezinkampani ezinkulu ezizulazula ngokukhululeka, kodwa ngelayisense okuthi, noma ingayinciphisi inkululeko kubasebenzisi, ingayilondolozi nayo.
Into ekahle kimi kungaba into efana neGNU / BSD kepha kuzoba ukuthi awukho umuzwa omningi! I-XDDD
Amazwana amahle jikelele. Kepha ngibona umngcipheko omncane usebenzisa amagama angenabungani futhi angenasidingo. Masingakhohlwa ukuthi sikuwebhu futhi wonke umuntu uyasifunda.
Imibono yimibono kuphela. Ukuxoshwa ngaphandle kokubonisa imininingwane ephathekayo kulula ..
UJoan. Ngaphandle kokungena kokungafanele ngoba silapha ukuzoxoxa ngokuthula, ngicabanga ukuthi uphumelele ngengxenye yokugcina yokuphawula kwakho.
Njengawe, ngisebenzisa i-linux. Kubukeka njenge-OS kimi, kuhle kakhulu.
Ngikholelwa ngokuthobeka ukuthi ireferensi yakho yesidingo sokungabi mahhala ingahle ibangelwe ukucushwa kwehadiwe ethile yakho.
Mina, lonke uhlelo lwami lusebenza kahle, kufaka phakathi ikhadi levidiyo, (noma ngabe ngifaka abashayeli be-NVIDIA abaphathelene ngokusebenzisa iphaneli yokulawula).
Kokunye konke ngisebenzisa izinhlelo zazo zonke izinhlobo futhi angikaze ngisebenzise noma iyiphi enye indawo engeyona yamahhala ngaphandle kwalezo ezinikezwa yi-Debian ngokuzenzakalela.
A ukubingelela.
Uxolo ukuvuselela okuthunyelwe kusuka ku-2014, kepha njengomsebenzisi wesoftware wamahhala ngithanda ukuphawula.
Ngisebenzisa i-GNU / Linux endaweni yomuntu siqu. Kuma-computer ama-2 nginawo one-GNU / Linux kuphela kanti enye ine-dualboot ene-GNU / Linux neWindows (ngeshwa ngidinga ezinye izinhlelo ezithi, uma zisebenza kangcono ku-Windows). Kepha emsebenzini wami ngine-server yeFreeBSD efakiwe, futhi phambilini ibikwiGNU / Linux.
Ngicabanga ukuthi i-GNU / Linux, yize ibuye ibe namandla ezindaweni zokusebenza, ibheka kakhulu izindawo zedeskithophu, futhi i-BSD njengeseva iyamangalisa
Ngishiye i-University of California. Okungukuthi, iminyaka yami yokuqala engama-40 ngangiseCalifornia phakathi neminyaka yokuthuthukiswa kwe-IBM-PC, iMicrosoft, i-Apple, iGoogle, iSilicon Valley, njll. impilo ngezinhloso zebhizinisi. Ngicabanga ukuthi umbhali uthinte zonke izindawo, kepha into emaphakathi kumele ibe nayo
amanye amagama: Ilayisensi iyikho konke. Uma uzodinga uhlelo olulawula ngokugcwele, khetha i-BSD. I-Linux ne-GNU ayikho mahhala ngempela - kufana nokuthi iPhathi Yabantu iyathandwa. Uma ujwayele ukukhokhela iWindows futhi unekhono elithile lobuchwepheshe futhi ufuna ukufaka imali yakho esikhundleni somsebenzi futhi udle ukhukhunathi wakho, khetha iLinux. Khetha ukwabiwa okusebenza kahle kakhulu kukhompyutha yakho - kufanele uchithe amasonto uzame.
Uma ungumchwepheshe inhloso yakhe ukwenza izinhlelo ze-intanethi zezinkampani
futhi mhlawumbe ufuna ukuwafanisa nohlelo lokusebenza (nezinhlelo ezihambisanayo), khetha i-FreeBSD. Uma uzokwakha kuphela izinhlelo ezijwayelekile ze-inthanethi (i-CMS, njll.), Khetha iRedhat / Fedora. Kepha, kuzimo zombili, ekugcineni, uzofunda zonke izinhlelo, iJava,
I-Apache, i-Tomcat, i-Postgres, i-Whitebeam, i-node, i-Clang, njll., Njll.
uma kunendaba. Kukhona futhi ama-emulators we-Android kuLinux futhi, akunjalo? I-Android enhle
ithebhulethi mhlawumbe ingcono futhi ungakhohlwa okwedlule, ukukhohlisa kwenkululeko, izifiso zakho nokugwinya konke iGoogle enquma, uma kungenjalo i-GNU, iWindows clan, noma izivumelwano zamazwe omhlaba (Berne). Inkululeko akulona ikhaya elincane. (Ngiyaxolisa Spanglish sami, ngicela.)
Sawubona. Ngingumsebenzisi we-Linux. Ngikutshela ulwazi lwami kunoma ngubani ongakusiza.
Ngeke ngiqhathanise neFreeBSD ngoba angiyisebenzisanga, kepha kusobala ukuthi ezintweni eziningi iLinux izophumelela futhi ezintweni eziningi iLinux izolahleka, kuya ngesidingo somsebenzisi.
Mayelana nokusebenza, yonke i-Linux ayikwazi ukufakwa sengathi ifana. Ngangihlola ukusatshalaliswa okuningi kuze kube yilapho ngithola iDebian, eyayinakho konke engangikufuna nengikudinga. Kuze kwafika i-systemd futhi ngazama iSlakware neDevuan. Yize sengihambile kuma-distros amaningi, ngashaqeka lapho ngizama iSlackware, umehluko wejubane nokushelelayo uma kuqhathaniswa noDebian wawuphelele, bekufana nokuthatha ikhefu liye phambili. Phakathi kwamanye ama-distros engingakaze ngizame umehluko wawumangalisa kangaka.
I-Linux mint: Mhlawumbe uhlelo lokusebenza olulula kunazo zonke ongalusebenzisa kumsebenzisi wedeskithophu ojwayelekile. Abaningi bazothi cha, kepha imvamisa bayakusho ngoba sebevele bajwayele i-Linux nezithako futhi konke kulula ngokulinganayo. Ngizamile nabadala bami abaneminyaka engaba ngu-70 ubudala futhi abanamakhono wekhompyutha futhi ngaguqulwa ngokushesha ngamawindi (zombili i-xp ne-7). Ngisebenza njengochwepheshe ngakho-ke amaklayenti ngangiwahlola futhi umphumela wawunjalo. Kulabo abangaqondi lutho nhlobo, kuyinto elula kunazo zonke ekhona. Kukodwa ukufakwa kulula kunokusetha iwashi. Faka i-cd ebukhoma futhi kunesinqamuleli esithi "faka i-linux mint" chofoza kabili, faka izwe, ulimi, linda imizuzu embalwa bese uqala kabusha.
UDevuan: akazange angiphendule njengoDebian, kusesigabeni sokuhlola futhi kuyakhombisa, futhi njengoba bengicacisile, bagxile kuqala ekwenzeni ukuthi isebenze njengeseva. Kumsebenzisi ovamile akulungile.
Isoftware yakwaDebian neyamahhala: Bengihlala ngisebenzisa yonke isoftware yamahhala ngaphandle kwabashayeli bevidiyo, noma ngabe umuntu ushiseka kanjani, kugcina kuwela abashayeli abazimele noma ukwamukela abasebenza mahhala abanikela ngokusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo.
Kumalayisense: Ukusho ukuthi ama-BSD akhululekile ngoba akuvumela ukuthi uvale ikhodi njalonjalo, ngumbono ozimele futhi wesikhashana. I-GNU iqinisekisa inkululeko yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kuyilapho i-BSD iqinisekisa inkululeko yokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe yilowo nalowo muntu. Manje kusebenza, njengoba bethi kuyafana, igcwele izinhlelo ze-linux ezingahambisani ne-GNU. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthobela i-GNU, into efana ne-systemd ingenziwa, ingahle ibe ne-BSD; Iphuzu lami ukuthi umuntu othile usho ukuthi uzohlala ethola indlela.
Ngokuya ngezokuphepha, i-linux inokusatshalaliswa okuthile kwale njongo, njengeFreeBSD futhi nokuyiphula, njengoKali.
Isiphetho sami yilokhu: Lezi zingxoxo nokuqhathanisa kuncane. Mayelana nokuvikeleka, ukusebenza, kungenzeka ukuguqula njll ... ulwazi oluthuthuke kakhulu luyadingeka ukuthi luthathe isinqumo. Abantu abambalwa abangazizwa futhi bathintwe yilo mehluko kungenzeka kube yilabo asebevele besebenza kuwo womabili amaqembu wokuthuthukisa weLinux neFreeBSD, abangabhali futhi bahlole ukusatshalaliswa noma basebenze kumaseva athile aphethe inkampani.
Njengebhonasi nangenxa yomsebenzi wami, ngiyakhathala ukubona abantu behlanyiswa wukusebenza. Bakhokha imali eningi ngezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha bese bezifaka ku-pc engalingani kahle; Bafuna isoftware ekwazi ukuphendula izigidi zemicimbi engalindelekile ngezinkulungwane zemisebenzi abangakaze bayisebenzise (kube lula kunokulungisa iphutha, ukwenze futhi kusukela ekuqaleni), besebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze i-pc iphathe izinsiza kangcono ngenkathi idla kubo ngokusebenzisa eziningi zalezo zinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngisebenza futhi njengochwepheshe nomeluleki ngalezi zinkinga nenkampani yabameli, futhi KONKE lokho "ukuphepha" abakucabangayo kuxazululwa ngendlela elula, bephula abantu hhayi imishini (njengoba kwenza uKevin Mitnick ngaleso sikhathi). Kunokuphikisana okulandelayo, yonke leyo mibuzo enemininingwane neqondile, ngaphandle kokuqwashisa nokuzinikela kunoma yini eyenzayo, ayisizi ngalutho futhi uma unalelo zinga lokuqwashisa, ukuhleleka nobuchwepheshe, kugcina kungadingekile.
Ngizozama i-FreeBSD futhi mhlawumbe ngemuva kwesikhashana ngizoyithulisa futhi ngeke ingisebenzele, hhayi ngoba kubi kepha ngoba kulokho engikubonayo ngeke kuphendule engikudingayo, ngendlela efanayo amakhulukhulu ama-Linux distros nawo wonke amawindi. Kwenye iFreeBSD kungahle kube yilokho okudingayo. Omunye umuntu angasebenzisa i-Linux ethile kepha wafunda ukusebenzisa i-FreeBSD futhi ukhululekile ngayo futhi uyayazi futhi ngokuqinisekile iyithuluzi elisebenzayo: okufanayo kungenzeka kumsebenzisi we-Linux.
Ukusuka ekusebenziseni iFreeBSD ngizoba nolwazi. Abantu abakha i-BSD noma i-Linux, abakwazi nhlobo, bakhetha eyodwa bese beqhubeka nokuyithuthukisa, ngendlela efanayo nokuthi sikhetha eyodwa bese siqhubeka ukuyisebenzisa ukuze sisebenze, ngomehluko wokuthi singashintsha sonke isikhathi ngenkathi benza hhayi futhi yingakho sigcine ngokuxoxa ngokushisekela ngalezi zinkinga, lapho ukuphela kwabo abanelungelo leqiniso lokukhuluma ngokweqile yilabo okuthi nsuku zonke lapho bevuka baye emsebenzini ukwenza lezi zinhlelo esikhuluma ngazo zingenzeka kakhulu.
I-PS: Kokubili inothi nokuphawula akukhathalekile ukuthi babeka i-BSD engcupheni kuqhubeka kungikhuthaza ukuthi ngiyisebenzise ngoba angikaze ngithole ukuhlaziywa okungachemile ngale ndaba, okwenziwa ngabantu be-BDS neLinux futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuyisebenzisa mina.
Sawubona,
Ugxeke i-athikili yami usola uchungechunge lwezinto zakho ozicabangayo. Ngingenza into ethokozisayo futhi ngikutshele ukuthi awunembile noma ngiyakuphikisa, kepha ngenkathi ngibhala le ndatshana mhlawumbe ngangicabanga ezinye izinto ezihlukile kunalokho engikukholelwayo manje nginolwazi oluthe xaxa. Ngakho-ke, ngingasho nje ngobuqotho ukuthi uqinisile impela. Amen!
Siyabonga ngokusifunda. Ngikufisela okuhle.
Ungayigxeki i-athikili yakho. Kungakanani ukuphawula kepha akukho. Kepha iqiniso lokuthi uhlala "uncintisana" nokwenza ithuluzi esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi lenzelwe ini nokuthi lizosetshenziswa ngubani. Ukwenza isibonelo, impela iningi lethu lapha liyawazonda amafasitela, kepha ngebhange noma othile osebenza emahhovisi (e-Argentina, ezweni lami) yilolo kuphela uhlelo abazolusebenzisa, ngaphezu kwe-XP, futhi ukuphela kwalolo ukufunda uzokusiza. Futhi, awudingi ukukufunda ngokujula, okuyisisekelo impela. NgeLinux kwenzeka into efanayo izinkulungwane zeLinux, konke kwenziwa izinto ezihlukile. UDebian wangikhonza, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokusebenziseka kwayo nokuzinza kwayo, impela ngize kuyona ngenza umbono, ngilinganisela ukuthi amanye ama-distros amaningi azongikhonza, kepha ngafika kwaDebian futhi yaphendula kukho konke engangikudinga.
Manje, ngichithe isikhashana noDevuan, onezinkinga engingakwazi ukuzixazulula, ngakho-ke ngishintshele kwaSlackware. Engikusebenzisela khona, bobabili bayasebenza nokuthi yini abahlukile ngayo anginalo ulwazi oluningi njengokusizakala ngalo, okuvamise ukwenzeka kubasebenzisi abaningi be-Linux; ukuthi kunzima ukuyisebenzisa kuyinganekwane; Ngaphezu kwenganekwane, kuyinto yesikhathi esedlule, namuhla konke kulula ukusisebenzisela umsebenzisi ojwayelekile. Lapho inkinga ivela kungenye into, kimi ngokwesibonelo ngiphelelwa ukuhleleka kwiseva ye-x njalo lapho ngibuyekeza futhi ngaphandle komlawuli wenethiwekhi. Mayelana nokusebenza, uma uhlanganisa imithombo kungakhathalekile ukuthi yi-distro, ijubane liyabonakala.
Iphuzu lami yilokhu, iningi likhetha ngokuthokozisayo ngohlelo ngaphandle kokuhlakanipha kakhulu ukuze lithole okuningi kulo.
Ngokufika kwe-systemd, lokho esikuthande kakhulu ngeLinux kulahlekile ngokuphelele futhi konke kuhlanganisiwe, njengohlobo lokuhluka okuncane kwamawindi nezinhlaka zawo. Ambalwa ama-distros angayisebenzisi, amanye alabo abangashongo ukuthi bazoyisebenzisa. Amathuba ancishiswa futhi umqondo weFreeBSD uqala ukukhanga ngokwengeziwe. KwiFreeBSD kuhlale kugxekwa ukuthi ayinazo izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabashayeli ngakho-ke isebenza kancane. Ngempela kuphela emidlalweni lapho lo mehluko wejubane ungabonakala, lapho i-directx ihlala iphakeme kumawindi noma kunjalo. Mhlawumbe umuntu odinga ukwenza ama-video amakhulu, noma izibalo ezinkulu zelebhu, kepha laba ababili bokugcina kuzofanele basebenzise lokho izinkampani zabo ezibatshela ukuthi bakusebenzise, hhayi okwenza kahle kakhulu. Nginesibonelo umngani wami omkhulu osebenza emnyangweni wezokuvikela nalapho umuntu elindele ukucwaswa nokukhethwa ngokucophelela kwamathuluzi azowasebenzisa, ixazululwa kancane ngemibuzo yezinkontileka nezinkampani, isabelomali njll ... okungukuthi, imali iyanquma hhayi ubuhlakani.
Kuyiqiniso okushoyo ngabaphikisi abaqinile beFreeBSD, ngibafundile, kepha kuyefana nse neLinux neWindows (iMac ayikufanele ukushiwo). Cishe akunakwenzeka ukungakhethi ngoba kunodaba olubalulekile olwehlukanisayo, olumayelana nendima esiyinika ulwazi, ulwazi nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ekugcineni, okuvame ukubhebhethekisa izinkanuko zethu kuthinta kakhulu lokho kunokusebenza kwangempela. Ngiyakusho futhi njengomuntu othanda iLinux kodwa nemidlalo futhi uma kukhulunywa ngokudlala i-opengl newayini basebenza kabi kakhulu, impela kunemidlalo ukuthi i-PC yande kakhulu kangangoba ayinandaba, kepha eyintsha Ikona.
I-PS: ngokombono wami i-systemd ukubhujiswa kweLinux njengoba siyazi futhi kuzofanele sigxile ekufundeni futhi ikakhulukazi sithuthukise ama-distros angayisebenzisi futhi sisekele izinketho ezahlukahlukene njenge-BSD ukuze zingaveli "zintsha windows nelinye Igama ".
Ngendlela, kwasekuqaleni ngikwenze kwacaca ukuthi yizinto zami engizicabangayo.
Ngingunjiniyela we-software enkampanini eqondiswe ekwakhiweni kwesoftware yezokuphepha, ikakhulukazi ngisebenza ngombono wokuhlanganisa, futhi ngiyaxolisa u-Isaac, impikiswano yakho ingaphezu kokuqhathanisa kabi i-GCC ne-CLang (phambi kwe-LLVM), angazi yazi uma uke wama isikhashana ukuqonda ukwakheka komhlanganisi nokunye kepha yize i-GCC yenza umsebenzi wayo kufana nokuqhathanisa ama-600 neFerrari, angizukuxoxa ngomehluko ongawabona kuwo http://clang.llvm.org/comparison.html#gccUma iLinux isebenzisa i-GCC kungenxa yokuthi ikhodi ye-kernel ihlanganiswe kakhulu ngokuqinile nezinketho ezithile ze-GCC.
Ngizibheka futhi njengohlelo "oluhloniphekile" kuzo zombili isikhala se-Linux ne-BSD kernel, kanye nesikhala somsebenzisi, futhi ngenza kahle nakwiLinux njengeFreeBSD.
Ngokuphathelene nokuvikeleka, kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-SELinux ingahle ibonakale inentshisekelo, kepha ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami okukhulu angikaze ngibone noma ngubani oyisebenzisa kahle, yize iRed Hat iyifaka ngokuzenzakalela ezinhlelweni zayo nakuFedora. Noma kunjalo, ngiyavuma ukuthi iLinux ingaba nezinzuzo ezithile zokuphepha, yebo, maqondana nokufaka i-Linux ethembele kumaCGroups abonakala kimi njengohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi nolubi uma kuqhathaniswa nemizila yokuhlola iFreeBSD, izikhala zamagama we-kernel (lokho abantu Ukwazi njengeziqukathi esikhaleni somsebenzisi) ukulingisa okungafanele kwamajele e-BSD futhi kunamaphutha amaningi (bona ukukhishwa kwe-proc ngaphakathi kweziqukathi).
Ngeshwa ayikho iLinux noma i-BSD engathi yi-microkernel, ukwakheka kwabo kusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwamamojula ahlanganisiwe futhi ukuthembeka ngibone i-linux iqhuma ngama-panic panics kaningi kunama-BSD.
Ukusebenza? Yebo, kuya ngokuthi, iLinux inezinkampani eziningi ngemuva kwayo futhi abashayeli abaningi bazilungiselele kakhulu, icala le-e1000e (ikhadi lenethiwekhi ye-Intel) lifika engqondweni, kungenzeka ukuthi ezimweni ezithile zalesi sitayela se-BSD linokubi , Kepha akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi basekela i-hardware yabo yenethiwekhi kuma-BSDs (amaswishi, ama-routers) ngehadiwe ethile futhi kulapho kululazwa abampofu beLinux.
I-Linux ingukugcwala okunegazi, / sys, / proc, ioctls (futhi angisho nje ama-terminals noma ama-block / character devices), kuvulwa amasokhethi ohlobo lwe-NETLINK, ama-sysctls ... Konke lokhu ukuxhumana ne-kernel, ku-FreeBSD wena I ngizoyifingqa: sysctl, period.
Futhi ngeke nginwebe okuningi, ukuthi ukuqhathanisa kunenzondo, wonke umuntu ofuna imininingwane:
I-ZFS vs btrfs
PF vs iptables, noma uma ufuna, netfilter
Ubukhosi be-FS ku-FreeBSD vs Linux, bese ungitshela ukuthi yini / run kanye / var / run ingeyakho; / media, / mnt, kanye / run / media; / opt kanye / usr / wendawo kanye nombhedo omningi.
Futhi kungani ungaqhubeki phambili, isinengiso se-systemd, umdali wedimoni lakho elihle kakhulu le-bonjour, avahi daemon.
Funda iFreeBSD (/ usr / src) nekhodi yeLinux, bese ukhetha ukuthi usebenzisa ini
klxox nkcnsxgxxbx issfsjsh
i-gnu / linux ingcono futhi inesoftware eningi
Amazulu, ngemuva kokufunda konke lokhu kuphawula ngabona ukuthi kunempikiswano phakathi kokuthi yiluphi uhlelo olungcono kunolunye iminyaka ... ngiqhathanisa isibonelo iMac OS neWindows kunoma yiziphi izinguqulo zayo bese ngiqhathanisa iWindows neLinux, manje sengiyayibona ngeLinux ne-BSD kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo zabo. Iqiniso ukuthi zilungile zonke njengoba zithi kuya ngohlobo lomsebenzisi futhi ukukhuluma iqiniso umuntu ngamunye uzothi i-OS abayisebenzisayo iyona engcono kakhulu ngoba basebenzisa iphuzu elilodwa lokuqhathanisa noma abaningana, ukuqhathanisa kwe-OS ngisho nakumakhalekhukhwini ... ngenxa yenhlanhla engingayisho, bengixhunyaniswe nezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza kusukela ngeWindows 97 okwakuyi-OS yokuqala engangiyisebenzisa, bese kuba yi-XP futhi lapho bengingenalo iphuzu lokuqhathanisa ngoba bekungukuvuselelwa nokuthuthuka kuphela, lapho-ke benginolwazi Ngokuhlangana nabafundi bezesayensi yamakhompyutha abangifundisanga lutho: v kepha ngikwazile ukuchitha isikhathi ngafunda kubo, basebenzise iDebian, kulapho ngathola khona ukuthi kukhona more OS nokuthi zisetshenziselwe ezinye izinto ngakuqonda ukuthi kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile bekuyiWindows futhi yebo Ubufuna isiphakeli, usebenzise i-Linux, kungani bezijwayeza ukusetha amaseva ku-Linux, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngangiku esikoleni esiphakeme, angizange ngiqonde ukuthi konke lokhu kusebenza kanjani kahle kakhulu, ngaqala ukuphenya futhi ngafunda okuningi ngeumlando wamasistimu wokusebenza wamanje nemvelaphi yawo, lapho-ke ngahlangana neMac OS kanye neLinux distros eziningi ngaleso sikhathi ngacabanga ukuthi i-BSD iyiLinux: v kepha manje njengoba senginolwazi olunzulu kakhulu ngesakhiwo se-OS ne-kernel yayo, nayo ulimi lwe-C, njll, ngingumsebenzisi we-Linux kuze kube namuhla ngisebenzisa i-Archlinux ngaqala ukuyisebenzisa ukufunda futhi ngiyithande, njengamanje ngilanda i-openBSD, kulokhu engibona kukuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa ikhodi ngendlela ofuna ngayo, futhi okuzinzile kepha lokho akusho ukuthi ngizoyeka ukusebenzisa i-Arch Linux, noma ukuthi ngiyayeka ukusebenzisa windows, ngokuqondene neMac ngiyayithanda ukuze ibe lula futhi ibe lula ukusetshenziswa ngosuku olulodwa funda ukusebenzisa imishini, usho izinzuzo nobubi bawo ngamunye akusho ukuthi ngabe omunye ungcono yini kunomunye, kumane kusize umsebenzisi ukuthi akhethe ngokuya ngezidingo zakhe, kungani wonke ama-OS enezindlela ezahlukahlukene kuze kube namuhla ayikho ephelele.
Yeka impikiswano, zombili zilungile, zizinzile futhi zinzima, Phila konke okunefa le-UNIX (ngaphandle kweMicrosoft);)
Bheka, angicabangi futhi angimphikisi umuntu obhale le ndatshana, futhi angimahluleli. Ngizophawula kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami ngisebenzisa zombili * izinhlobo * zezinhlelo: uma kwenzeka umuntu okhubeka kule bhulogi futhi ehlela ukuthumela i-rm kumawindi, noma ukuzama ezinye izinhlelo.
I-Linux: sebenzisa iGentoo. Kuhle kakhulu, kokubili imidwebo nokulanda nokufaka. Kukhishwe kancane ukufaka ngemiyalo, kepha uma unesibindi noma wazi enye i-syntax, kusho ukuthi ingeyakho. Hhayi-ke, ngisayivivinya ku-VirtualBox, ngakho-ke mhlawumbe ngizofaka enye into ngokuzayo ngoba angiyisebenzisi kakhulu futhi ngingathanda ukuyivivinya kancane.
I-Arch… kahle, ngokwazi kwami, iza kuphela nge-x64. Iphuzu elibi: kunesikhathi lapho iprosesa lami laliyi-x32 noma i-x86, angikhumbuli kahle. Kick and renegade ukuze ukwazi nokukuhlola ku-VB; konke bekungasizi ngalutho. Kepha njenge-Gentoo, ikhanda uma ufuna ukulifaka ngemiyalo. Kungakho, ngenkathi uthenga iprosesa enjalo, angizange ngicabange ukuyifaka. Imiyalo icishe ifane nanoma iyiphi i-linux, kepha njengoba ngishilo, angizange ngiyisebenzise, ngakho-ke mhlawumbe manje ngizozama ukuyivivinya.
I-Linux Mint: kuhle. Kuhle kakhulu kubasebenzisi abanjengami, abafuna okuthile okwengeziwe kwedeskithophu ngoba angisiye umhlaseli, ingasaphathwa eyokuchitha amahora uthayipha imiyalo futhi uguqula amafayela ukuze uhlelo lwenze umsebenzi oyisisekelo ophakathi. Ngiyakhumbula ukuthi nganginesikhungo sesoftware, noma okuthile okufana nalokho, lapho ngangingalanda khona izinhlelo abangiphakamisela zona. Izinhlelo ezinhle, ezahlukahlukene zazo, bengingafaka i-.deb ngaphandle kwenkinga. Ukusebenza okuhle, kuza ngezinhlobo ezimbili zokwakhiwa. Ukubukeka okuhle kokuqhafaza (nemvelo yokuqhafaza ngokuzenzakalela). Ngingasho ukuthi kunconyelwa labo abangabheki okuthile okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngiyakukholwa, kepha kusukela namuhla bayakulahla ngenxa yokunikeza umbono wakho ... noma kunjalo, angikuniki okuncane abangangigxeka ngakho, yingakho ngikushiya.
Ubuntu:… ezinye izinkinga, ngicabanga ukuthi ngiyazikhumbula. Isizathu esikhulu sokuthi ngiyeke ukuwusebenzisa kungenxa yokuthi ngifunde ngezinsika ezingemuva, angazi noma ngabe ilapha noma kwenye indawo. Kufanele ngizihlole.
I-Debian: kuhle. Yize uma ungathandi ukubhekana nemiyalo, sebenzisa kangcono Ubuntu, iLinux Mint, noma ubuyele kuWindows. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo. Kulula kakhulu ukusetshenziswa komsebenzisi. Iza ngezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene. Kuzinzile kakhulu, noma ngabe usika i- "apt-get upgrade" ... lungiselela ukuqala kabusha ukufakwa. Ibuye ibe nezinhlelo eziningi zazo zonke izinhlobo. Olunye ulwazi mayelana nokufakwa: kulula kakhulu, kepha angazi ukuthi kungani isihogo sehluleka manje lapho ngizama ukukufaka ku-VB (nginokusola; qhubeka ufunde futhi uzobona ukuthi kungani ngicabanga ukuthi ukufakwa kwehluleka).
Isigqoko Esibomvu: empilweni yami bengingasebenzisa enye inguqulo ebingeyona eyeyokuqala. Ngicabanga ukuthi kusuka lapho yayibizwa ngeRed Hat, manje ngicabanga ukuthi ibizwa ngeRHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux). Ngeke nginike imininingwane yami enkampanini engangivumeli nokuthi ngivivinye uhlelo ukuthi lubanjani.
ISolaris: efanayo neRed Hat. Yize ngizamile ukulanda i-OpenSolaris, kepha bekufana kakhulu.
I-Oracle: ungalokothi uyisebenzise, kufanele. Noma okungenani uzame.
UMandriva: Nami angizange ngiyisebenzise, angazi okuningi.
vulaSUSE: noma, angikaze ngiyizame. Angazi noma ngizokwenza yini.
Ngaphambilini: Ngikuthandile lapho ngizwa ukuthi asikho isidingo sokulanda "ukukhishwa" noma yini efana naleyo: inguqulo eyodwa noma into enjalo, kepha ngacabanga ngalokho futhi nganquma ukusebenzisa enye i-OS.
UManjaro: Ngicabanga ukuthi ngiyisebenzise kanye. Angikhumbuli okuningi.
Yebo, yibo engibakhumbulayo abavela eLinux. Manje siya emafutheni, kwabanzima nabasindayo: BSD-UnixLike.
I-HardenedBSD: doti ophelele. Angizange ngikwazi ukuphatha, ngemuva kokudonsa kanzima ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili (ngoba sengivele ngishilo ukuthi angisiye umqambi noma i-hacker noma omunye walaba bafundi) ukufaka ngisho izisekelo. Ifika kuphela ku-x64. Ayisebenzisi i- "pkg" njenge-FBSD, isebenzisa i- "pkg-static", engikufunde ngokulambisa ngayo (futhi angazi ukuthi iFreeBSD yazi okuningi ngayo), kepha kuze kufike lapho bengingakusebenzisa khona, kuyasebenza njenge-pkg yendabuko. Ngeshwa, ngemuva kokufaka isifaki sephakeji laso ukusebenza, angikwazanga ngisho ukufaka i-pkg, ngoba ibingitshela ukuthi umtapo wezincwadi ulahlekile noma into enjalo. Esithangamini se-FBSD bebevele bafuna ukungitshela ngayo, ngoba bekungenye i-OS, kepha bangitshele ukuthi ngizame ukuyifaka kabusha; ukuthi mhlawumbe bekungukuthuthuka okungazange kuqede kahle. Angazi. Umlomo omubi.
I-FreeBSD: kubi futhi kuhle. Uthando nenzondo. Izinkinga nezixazululo, yize kwesinye isikhathi bengingazitholi. Ngine-DVD player futhi kuze kube manje angikwazi ukuyenza isebenze kulolu hlelo. Isebenzisa ifomethi ye-UFS, ngokwalokho engikwaziyo. Uhlobo lwefomethi exotic kakhulu futhi engaziwa kunaleyo engiyibone ku-Linux. Ifomethi engenakulinganiswa kuyo yonke i-linux engizamile, yize bekungeyona eminingi. Kunzima, kwesinye isikhathi akunakwenzeka, ukuphatha izinto ezithile. Futhi khohlwa ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zakudala: ngifunde ngabasebenzisi abasasebenzisa izinhlobo ngaphambi kuka-10 bengingazi lutho ngalokho futhi ngazama ukufaka u-10.2 ku-pc yami, ukwehluleka. Ngizama ukufaka i-10.3 kuyo, inhlekelele. Ngidiniwe ngifuna 11.1. Ekugcineni, kepha kuphela nge-DVD. Kusukela ngo-x noma ngo-z, bekuhlala kunginika iphutha lapho ngizama ukuyifaka ku-USB. Vele, ungacabangi ngokusebenzisa i-11.0: Ngifunde umsebenzisi oyeke ukusebenza izinto ezimbalwa noma lonke uhlelo, angikhumbuli kahle. Uma uyi-hacker, ungusosayensi wamakhompiyutha, unala ma-manias, noma ufuna nje ukulwa njengami ukuze ubone nokuthi ikwenzela kanjani, uyifake. Inamachweba, kwesinye isikhathi ayaphahlazeka kwesinye isikhathi angasebenzi. Une-pkg, engeyimbi, kepha ngethemba lokuthi ngeke baphinde bayishintshe maduzane njengoba yayinjalo nge- "pkg_add" noma "pkg_delete" ngicabanga, manje eyi- "pkg" nanoma yini ofuna ukuyenza. Ungaqinisa uhlelo, unamathuluzi alokho, ngokusho kwe-lei. Ungenza ngaphandle kwemvelo yokuqhafaza, cishe efana neLinux, kepha kimi okungenani, bekulula kancane kimi ukuyiphatha kanye neLinux. Futhi angazi ukuthi yini enye okufanele ngiyitshele: icishe ifane neLinux, ihluke kakhulu. Ayisebenzisi i-systemd, ngakho-ke uma ungayithandi noma ungayizondi, ungasebenzisa lolu hlobo lwe-OS, engicabanga ukuthi alusebenzisi (ngicabanga ukuthi lisebenzisa i-systemv; ngiyaxolisa angiyena isigelekeqe futhi anginantshisekelo yokulungiswa ngomoya wokuphakama, ngakho-ke uma nginephutha futhi ufuna ukungenza ngikubone, zama ukungazikhukhumezi).
Okwamanje, ngaphandle kwamawindi 7, xp, 98, 95, nodoti okuthiwa yi-vista kanye ne-mrd yangempela evela ku-win 8 no-8.1… lezo bekuyizona ebengizisebenzisa. Phezulu ngenhla, ngakho-ke uma uhlose ukuza ungihlasele ngezimpikiswano zesayensi yamakhompyutha noma i-hacker, sengivele ngikwazisa ukuthi angizukukuphendula. Okokuqala ngoba angiphawuli lapha ngalokho. Okunye kungenxa yokuthi ngeke ngikhulume ngento engingayazi. Futhi ekugcineni, ngoba noma ngabe uyazi, uma uqhosha futhi uphakeme ngokusebenzisa lokhu noma lokho (njengabo bonke abalandeli abahle), qala uzame ukuphuma ohlelweni lwakho olujwayelekile bese uzama ukusebenzisa into engakulumi.
Enze sengathi ekhasini elibizwa LinuxAdictos ungakhethi.
maduzane ukuphela kwento enhle nge-bsd ukuthi ungagijima / ulingise i-linux. WoW lokhu kuqhathanisa kuyahlekisa.
Inqobo nje uma i-bsd inokusekelwa okungama-32-bit, akunandaba, i-linux iyeke ukuba ngesikhathi sokungasebenzisi ama-32-bit. Ama-bits awanawo yize esho ukuthi asephelile, ngisebenza ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwama-64-bit nokwenza ngcono abashayeli abathatha ukuphuma kwegazi
Angizizwa ngingenamkhethe esihlokweni, imininingwane ye-BSD njengokuqina kweZFS, i-emulator yeLinux, imibhalo eseFreeBSD Handbook noma Amachweba amnandi ayekade engakabi khona i-AUR e-Archlinux. Amanye amawebhusayithi afana https://programadorwebvalencia.com/bsd-vs-linux-en-escritorio/ , noma imibhalo esemthethweni https://www.freebsd.org/doc/es/articles/explaining-bsd/comparing-bsd-and-linux.html Banikeza ucezu olungeziwe lolwazi olubalulekile ukungalunaki.
I-NomadBSD noma i-GhostBSD kulula kakhulu ukuyifaka kunanoma iyiphi i-GNU / Linux, noma i-OpenBSD, ukuthi isifaki sayo siyamangalisa, futhi awuyikhulumi endatshaneni. INomadBSD ingasebenza kwi-USB elula ngokuphikelela futhi uneFreeBSD ephelele engadingi i-hard disk, noma uma ukhetha ukuyifaka kamuva kwi-hard disk.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngamanga amaningi engingazi ukuthi umbhali uwathathaphi, njengokuthi iFreeBSD ithuthukiswe kusuka kwi-MacOS X ¿??
Futhi akaphawuli ngokuthi uhlelo lweSystemD luphelelwe yisikhathi futhi luyisidina kanjani nokuthi kungani ukusatshalaliswa okuningi ngokwengeziwe kulingisa izinhlelo ze-BSD futhi kuqeda i-SystemD boot, ngoba kubi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, kukhona nokusabalalisa okusebenzisa isoftware ye-GNU nge-FreeBSD kernel efana neDebian, ngokwesibonelo.
Le ndatshana ayisho futhi ukuthi kunabathuthukisi abaningi abasebenza ku-BSD nemicimbi efana neHackathons kunomphakathi we-chupiguay wabasebenzisi abashintsha amaphephadonga, izingqikithi nezimpawu ekusatshalalisweni kweLinux konke abakwenzayo ukulingisa iWindows, esikhundleni sokukhathazeka ngokuthola okuhle code, imibhalo esebenzisekayo nasesikhathini nokubeka ukuphepha kungqikithi yohlelo lokusebenza, njengoba kwenza i-OpenBSD.