Yintoni iskripthi?

Iwebhu igcwele isigama esinokudideka kubantu abangengabo be-IT. Eminye yale migaqo ingaba yikhowudi yomthombo, izikripthi okanye iscript, iziqwengana, njl. Ewe, ngokwekhowudi yemithombo, yiyo yonke into ebhaliweyo okanye ulwazi olubhaliweyo kusetyenziswa ulwimi lwenkqubo kunye nokuhlonipha is syntax ethile yokwenza ialgorithm okanye umsebenzi othile oya kwenza inkqubo.

Ngoko ke, Ikhowudi yemvelaphi lixesha elithile eliqhelekileyo kwaye ububanzi, ukukwazi ukubandakanya nakwamanye amagama, kuba i-snippet sisiqwengana sekhowudi yemvelaphi engabi nzima kakhulu ngokubanzi. Umzekelo, xa sizinikezela kuyilo lwewebhu okanye sifuna ukufaka ibhena kwiwebhusayithi yethu, ngesiqhelo ababoneleli beentengiso abanjengoGoogle Adsense okanye amahlakani eAmazon basinika isifinyezo ngekhowudi ye-HTML ukuze sikwazi ukuyifaka kwiwebhusayithi yethu. Ke ngoko ayisiyo inkqubo epheleleyo, kodwa ngamaqhekeza ekhowudi anokuphinda asebenze.

Ulwimi olutolikweyo ngokuchasene nolwimi oluhlanganisiweyo:

Ukuba uyabuza yintoni iskripthi okanye iskripthiKuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba kudweliso lwenkqubo eli gama lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwikhowudi yemithombo ebhalwe ngolunye uhlobo lolwimi olutolikwa (phantse njalo) Kwaye nguwuphi umahluko okhoyo kwiilwimi zesiko ezihlanganisiweyo zenkqubo? Ewe, ngokungafaniyo nezi zinto, ikhowudi yemvelaphi ayidityaniswanga kube kanye kwaye iguqulwe ibambise, kodwa kunoko kufuneka itoliki ukuze isebenze njengomlamli kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha inkqubo isenziwa, itoliki kufuneka iguqulele ikhowudi ukuze umatshini uyiqonde . Oko kukuthi, amanyathelo atshwankathiweyo aya kuba:

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Isikhokelo sokufakwa kwe-CentOS 7 inyathelo ngenyathelo

1. Bhala ikhowudi yemvelaphi yenkqubo isebenzisa ulwimi lokuprinta ukwenza iC, BASIC, C ++, Ada, ALGOL, D, COBOL, GO, Fortran, G, Lisp, Pascal, Swift, Visual Basic, njl. Ikhowudi inokubhalwa kuwo nawuphi na umhleli wokubhaliweyo okanye usebenzise imeko yophuhliso olupheleleyo okanye i-IDE.
2. Sihlanganisa ikhowudi Umthombo usebenzisa umhlanganisi othile, njengeGNU GCC. Ngale nto siyakwazi ukuguqula le miyalelo ibe lulwimi olukwinqanaba eliphezulu ekuqondwa kuphela ngabadwelisi beenkqubo kunye nabaqokeleli kumatshini okanye kulwimi olubini oluqondakalayo okanye olwenziwayo yi-CPU.
3. El I-binary ingenziwa amaxesha amaninzi njengoko sifuna ngaphandle kokuya kumanyathelo angaphambili kwakhona. Ngapha koko, uninzi lwabathengisi besoftware lusithumela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-computer yethu. Iya kuba yinkqubo yokusebenza elawula iinkqubo eziyimfuneko koku, ii-syscalls, njl.

Kwelinye icala, izikripthi azilandeli la manyathelo kwaye kusetyenziswa ulwimi olutolikwayo. Zininzi Iilwimi ezitolikwa, Njengaleyo isetyenziswe kwitoliki yeBash, eya kuthi isetyenziswe kakhulu kwi-GNU / Linux kunye nezinye i-Unix, kunye neelwimi ezaziwayo njengePerl, iPython, iRuby, iJavaScript, njl. Ngabo ungabhala ikhowudi eya kwenza iskripthi esingayi kuba yinto engaphezulu komyalelo wefayile okanye ukulungiswa kwebhetshi. Ngokucacileyo kuxhomekeke kulwimi olusetyenzisiweyo, is syntax iya kwahluka. Kwimeko yolwimi oluguqulweyo, iodolo iya kutshintsha iye:

1. Sibhala iskripthi okanye ikhowudi yemvelaphi usebenzisa naluphi na ulwimi lwenkqubo. Sinokusebenzisa i-IDE okanye umhleli wokubhaliweyo.
2. Kule meko, ayiqulathwanga, kodwa inokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo ngoncedo lwetoliki. Oko kukuthi, ukuba sisebenzisa iBash, siyifuna ukuba ifakwe kwinkqubo ukuze sikwazi ukwenza iskripthi sethu. Ukuba sisebenzisa iskripthi sePython, sifuna itoliki yePython efakiweyo, njl.
3. Xa siqhuba iskripthiIya kuba yitoliki etolika amagama okanye ulwimi olukuyo (yiyo loo nto igama layo), oko kukuthi, le miyalelo ayidluli ngqo kwinkqubo yokusebenza kunye ne-CPU, kuba ayinakubamkela ngaphandle koncedo lomlamli okanye umguquleli otolika.

Xa sele sithethile oku, siyabona ukuba kwimeko enye okanye kwenye kukho iingeniso kunye nokungalunganga. Kwimeko yeefayile ezihlanganisiweyo, azidingi kuqokelelwa ngexesha lokubaleka, ke, zakuba zihlanganisiwe okokuqala, sinokwenza kanambambili amaxesha amaninzi njengoko sifuna ngaphandle kokuchitha izixhobo kuwo. Akunjalo kwizikripthi, eziya kuthi zabele izixhobo kunye netoliki, yiyo loo nto iya kuhamba kancinci ngokubanzi.

Ukwenza iskripthi sethu sokuqala kwiLinux:

Kumzekelo wethu siza kusebenzisa nolwimi olutolikwa nguBash, kwaye ke itoliki yethu iya kuba yiBhash. Okokuqala kufuneka sazi ukuba baninzi Iifayile zeskripthi zinemixholo Yaziwa njenge-shebang ngokwetoliki esetyenzisiweyo. Umzekelo, kwiLinux sinokufumana iitoliki ezahlukileyo, kwimeko yeBhash, ishibang ngu #! / Bin / bash, kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko iya kuba yinto yokubonisa ekhomba kwitoliki okanye iqokobhe kule meko. Kwimeko ye-Unix kunye neLinux, ifayile yeskripthi ihlala inolwandiso .sh.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Uyenza njani i-usb ebhuthayo ukusuka kwi-terminal kulo naluphi na usasazo

Kwiskripthi esinokuthi sisebenzise imiyalelo yokutolika, ii-operands, ii-constants, njl. Umzekelo, sinokwenza Isicatshulwa esilula ukwenza iikopi zokulondoloza kwi-system yethu kunye nokwenza irekhodi kunye nomhla wokudala ifayile ebizwa ngokuba yi-backup.sh kunye nomhleli wethu wombhalo owuthandayo. Umxholo wayo uya kuba:

<div>

<pre><span class="com">#<span class="simbol">!</span>/bin/bash
</span></pre>
<pre>tar cvf /backup/copia<span class="simbol">.</span>tar /home/usuario</pre>
<pre>date <span class="simbol">></span> /backup/log_copia</pre>
</div>

Umzekelo, kumzekelo ongentla uza kwenza ikopi yogcino lwasekhaya / isikhombisi somsebenzisi kwaye uyipakishe kwibhola ebizwa ngokuba yikopi.tar, emva koko ubhale ilog yomhla. Ukuyiphumeza, kuya kufuneka siyinike iimvume zokwenza, umzekelo:

chmod +x backup.sh

./backup.sh

Umzekelo olula Ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwee novices siyintoni iscript. Nguwuphi umbuzo ophindaphindayo mva nje ...