Faka iinkqubo kwiLinux

Enye yemicimbi eqhubeka nokubangela iingxaki kubantu abafikayo kwiLinux okanye abasebenzisi abanolwazi oluncinci kukufakwa kweephakeji okanye indlela yokufaka iinkqubo kwiLinux. Oku kusonjululwe ngokuyinxalenye ngezixhobo ezinjengeYaST, iZiko leSoftware, iVenkile yePi, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ukufakwa kweLinux njengeGdebi, iSynaptic, njl.

Kodwa xa sikhuphela iiphakheji zesoftware ezingekho koovimba bolwabiwo lwethu okanye sifuna ukufaka iinkqubo kwiLinux ngohlobo olwahlukileyo kunolo lubonelelwe yimithombo ye-distro yethu, izinto ziya zisiba nzima. Ngokukodwa xa iipakeji ezikhutshelweyo ziyi-tarballs enekhowudi yemvelaphi.

KwiWindows, ngeWindows Installer yonke into ilula kakhulu, kwaye akukho izandiso ezininzi kakhulu ii-binaries ukufaka (.exe, .bat, .msu). Abo bavela kwiqonga leApple baya kuqaphela ukuba iMac OS X .dmg inezandiso ezininzi kakhulu.

Esinye isihloko esothusayo kwiLinux (kunye nezinye * nix) zezi ukuxhomekekaOko kukuthi, iiphakheji ezixhomekeke kwezinye iiphakheji kwaye ukuba ezi zokugqibela azifakwanga asizokwazi ukufaka eyokuqala. Kule meko, kukho uninzi lwabaphathi beephakeji ezenza ukuba ubomi bube lula kwaye zisombulule ngokuzenzekelayo ukuxhomekeka. Ngaphandle koko kuya kufuneka sizisombulule ngokwethu.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Uyazi njani i-IP yam kwiLinux

Ngale nto tutorial Ndizimisele ukuba konke oku kuyinto ebaluleke ngakumbi kuwe kwaye ayibeki ngxaki xa ufaka iinkqubo kwiLinux. Kule migca ilandelayo siza kuchaza zonke izandiso ezidumileyo kunye neentlobo zeephakeji ezikhoyo kwihlabathi le-Linux kunye nenkqubo yokuzifaka ngendlela elula.

.Deb kunye .rpm iipakeji:

I-Linux yahlulwe yangamazwe amabini amakhulu kwaye iiphakeji zimele kakuhle DEB kunye ne-RPM. Eyokuqala isetyenziswa nguDebian kunye nezinye ezivela ku-Ubuntu, ngelixa yesibini isetyenziswa yi-SuSE, Fedora kunye nabanye.

I-RPM:

Ukuba ungaphakathi INovell SuSE okanye indawo evulekileyoUngasebenzisa iYaST ukufaka iiphakheji zolu hlobo. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uye kwimenyu ye-SuSE, cofa ku "System", "YaST" emva koko uye kukhetho "Faka / khipha isoftware". Ke sinokufaka iinkqubo kwiLinux kwiDVD ye-distro yakho okanye kwinethiwekhi.

Ukuba sele sikhuphele iphakheji, sinokucofa ekunene kuyo kwaye iya kusinika ithuba lokufaka. Kulula kakhulu…

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Unzip RAR kwiLinux

Ukuba sifuna ukuyenza ukusuka kwikhonsoli endaweni ye I-YaST isebenzisa iZypper:

zypper install nombre_programa

KwiRed Hat ngaphezulu okufanayo ... Kwelinye icala, ukuba unayo I-Fedora okanye i-CentOS, ungasebenzisa i-YUM. Masiqale kuqala nge-YUM, ukusuka kulawulo apho iphakheji ikhoyo, kwisiphelo sendlela ekufuneka ubhale kuyo:

yum install nombre_paquete

Kwaye ukuba kukho isixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokufaka RPM Yeyona rpm uqobo ikhoyo kunikezelo oluninzi olusekwe kolu hlobo lwephakeji:

rpm –i nombre_paquete.rpm

KwiMandriva ungasebenzisa iZiko loLawulo lweMandriva ukufaka iinkqubo okanye iRPMDrake. Unokusebenzisa kwimowudi yokubhaliweyo

urpm:

urpm –i nombre_paquete.rpm

I-DEB:

Ku-Ubuntu, ungasebenzisa iZiko leSoftware Ubuntu ukufaka iiphakeji ezisuka kwiindawo zokugcina ezisemthethweni. Ukusuka kwiDebian inokufakwa nayo gdebi-gtk, ngokucacileyo nangokulula okanye ngeSynaptic, ezi ziyasebenza nakwezinye ii-distros, kufuneka uzifake.

Esinye isixhobo esinomdla kukuKhetha, ikwimo yemizobo ukuphatha iipakeji ngokulula. Kodwa kwabo batsala ikhonsoli ngakumbi, ungasebenzisa dpkg okanye apt (khumbula ukulungiselela isudo okanye ukusebenza ngamalungelo engcambu):

Dpkg –i nombre_paquete.deb

o

Apt-get install nombre_paquete

Ubungakanani sisixhobo esigqibeleleyo onokusisebenzisa ngokuchwetheza oku kulandelayo:

aptitude install nombre_paquete

Abanye abaphathi beephakeji kwi-distro yakho:

I-Arch Linux kunye neziphumo zisebenzisa umphathi wephakheji ogama lingu pacman. Yenziwe nguJudd Vinet kwaye iyakwazi ukusombulula ngokuzenzekelayo ukuxhomekeka. Ukufaka iphakheji kunye nomphathi:

pacman –S nombre_paquete

Ipaseji ngomnye wabaphathi beephakeji ezinkulu umzekelo iGentoo. Inokufana kumazibuko e-BSD kwaye iyahambelana ne-POSIX kunye nendawo ye-python. Ikwasetyenziswa yiFreeBSD. Ukufaka iphakheji ngayo:

emerge nombre_paquete

UPaldo Yinkqubo yokusebenza ye-Linux kernel esebenzisa umphathi wepakeji ye-upkg. Yenziwe nguJürg Billeter kwaye ukufaka iinkqubo kwiLinux naye kufuneka ubhale:

upkg-install nombre_paquete

IPardus Linux distro isebenzisa umphathi wephakheji olula obhalwe kwiPython kwaye waziwa njenge IPiSi. Isebenzisa i-LZMA kunye ne-XZ ukunyanzela iipakethi kwaye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, iteknoloji ye-Delta iyabetha, evumela ukukhuphela kuphela umahluko phakathi kweepakethi ukugcina umda wendlela. Faka ngolu hlobo:

pisi install nombre_paquete

Uyifaka njani itarballs:

Iipakeji ezifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwimvelaphi zipakishwe ngezinto zokuqala, kodwa ziluncedo kwaye zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, isixhobo seTar (kungoko igama Itarball) Kwaye emva koko bacinezelwe kusetyenziswa uhlobo oluthile lwefomathi ecinezelweyo.

Ezinye iipakeji zolu hlobo ziza neefayile ngaphakathi ezinje nge-. Kodwa kuhlala kunjalo ikhowudi yemvelaphi ukuba idityaniswe kwaye ifakwe.

Makhe sibone ukuba njani. Into yokuqala, xa sisebenza ukusuka kwikhonsoli, kukuzibeka kulawulo apho iphakheji esifuna ukusebenza nayo ikhoyo. Ngale nto sisebenzisa isixhobo "cd”. Umzekelo, ukuba ukhuphele iphakheji kwaye unayo kwifolda yokukhuphela, chwetheza kwisiphelo sendlela:

cd Descargas

Ewe kha wuleza izakutshintsha ngale ndlela ukubonisa ukuba ungaphakathi kule nkqubo yolawulo. Kuya kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba udinga amalungelo okwenza izinto ezithile ezinje nge ./configure, make, or make install… esiza kubona ngokulandelayo.

Faka i-tar.gz okanye i-tgz:

Ezi ntlobo zetarball zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi Islackware kunye neziphumo, nangona yandisiwe yaya kupakisha ikhowudi kulunye unikezelo. Ukufaka i-tar.gz kunje (khumbula ukuqhuba ./configure, yenza kwaye ufake kunye namalungelo, uyazi, njengengcambu okanye ngokulungiselela isudo kumyalelo ...):

cd directorio_donde_se_encuentra_el_tarball
tar –zxvf nombre_paquete.tar.gz (o nombre_paquete.tgz, en caso de ser un .tgz)
cd nombre_paquete_desempaquetado
./configure
make
make install

Ukuba oku akusebenzanga Ukufaka i-tar.gz, unokufikelela kulawulo olungafakwanga ukuze ujonge ukuba kukho ifayile yokubhaliweyo enemiyalelo yokuyifaka. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa bengalandeli le nkqubo iqhelekileyo, abaphuhlisi babandakanya ezi ntlobo zeefayile ukuchaza izinto ezithile, ukuxhomekeka, njl.

Tar.bz2 okanye .tbz2:

Yiphakheji esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-BSD ikwasasazeka kwiLinux nakwezinye * nix. Ipakishwe ngetela kwaye icinezelwe kusetyenziswa i-BSD Zip 2. Inkqubo yokufaka olu hlobo lwenkqubo yile:

cd directorio_donde_se_encuentra_el_paquete
tar –jxvf nombre_paquete.tar.bz2 (o nombre_paquete.tbz2, e incluso nombre_paquete.tbz)
cd nombre_directorio_desempaquetdo
./configure
make
make install

Oku kunokuba ngokwaneleyo ukufaka iinkqubo kwiLinux. Qiniseka ukuba uyayisebenzisa amalungelo yemiyalelo yamva nje.

Olunye Ugcino lweeTape:

Ngamanye amaxesha ugcino lwetape okanye ifayile yetha engacinezelwanga. Olu hlobo lwepakeji ligcina ulwazi oluyimfuneko ekubuyiseleni ngokupheleleyo iifayile eziqulethwe kunye nokuzikhupha, kufuneka wenze oku:

tar xvf nombre_paquete.tar

Emva koko jonga ifayile enegama FUNDA.txt (okanye efanayo) ngaphakathi kwesikhangeli esingafakwanga kwaye ujonge imiyalelo yokufaka. Ngokwesiqhelo kumalunga nokwenza inkqubo efanayo naleyo yangaphambili ...

Tar.xz okanye .xz okanye .txz:

Mva nje ndibona ngaphezulu kwalo mfo. Ukusebenza nolu hlobo lwepakeji kufuneka ubenaso isixhobo xz-izixhobo ifakiwe. Ukuzikhupha kunye nokuzifaka, sebenzisa:

tar Jxvf nombre_paquete.tar.xz

o

Xz –d nombre_paquete.tar.xz
Tar –xf nombre_paquete.tar

o

Unxz nombre_paquete.xz

Kwaye yakuba ingatyiswanga, ifayile iyakhangelwa README.txt okanye FAKA.txt ukubona iinkcukacha zofakelo, ezihlala ziqhelekileyo ./configure, make, and make install. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha i-cmake inokusetyenziswa.

.gz okanye .gzip okanye .bzip2:

Con I-GNU Zip iiphakheji zohlobo .gz okanye .gzip zinokucinezelwa. Ezi ziphathwa ngokufanayo kwi-BSD Zip 2 iipakethi ezixineneyo kunye. Ukujongana nolu hlobo lwephakheji, kufuneka sibe ne-unzip kunye ne-bunzip2 izixhobo ezikhoyo kwinkqubo yethu:

gunzip –c nombre_paquete.gz
bunzip2 nombre_papuete.bz2

Eminye yile efanayo namanyathelo abonwayo Qiniseka ukuba ubona iREADME okanye FAKA iifayile ezikhoyo.

.tar.lzma, .tlz:

Nokuba ivela ngegama layo elide, .tar.lzma, okanye ukuba ibonakala ngegama layo elifutshane .tlz, ezi phakheji zisebenzisa i-Lempel-Ziv-Markov compression algorithm kunye nokukhupha kunye nokuzifaka, kuya kufuneka uchwetheze ikhonsoli (ngaphambili Kuya kufuneka ufake iphakheji ye-lzma):

unlzma nombre_fichero.lzma

o

lzma -d file.lzma

o

tar --lzma -xvf file.tlz

o

tar --lzma -xvf file.tar.lzma

Kuxhomekeke kwifomathi apho iphakheji iboniswe kuthi. Emva koko unokujonga enye ifayile yokubhaliweyo ngaphakathi kunye nemiyalelo okanye ulandele amanyathelo esiwachazileyo ukufaka ezinye iitarballs (./config, make, make install). Olunye uqheliso olulungileyo kukujonga iifayile ze iwebhusayithi yonjiniyela, apho kukho izifundo zokufaka iipakeji okanye kukho iindawo zeWiki ezinolwazi oluninzi.

*Phawula: ungafaka kwakhona iiphakheji ezithile ezipakishwe ngesixhobo esibizwa fakela.

Uyifaka njani imibekelelo yokubini:

Jar:

Ukufaka Java iipakeji ilungile ngokuthe ngqo. Izidingo zicacile, kufuneka kufakwe umatshini we-Oracle Java (nokuba yiJRE okanye iJDK). Ukuyifaka kufuneka sicofe kwiqhosha lasekunene le mouse kwaye ukhethe "Vula ngesinye isicelo”Ukusuka kwimenyu ehlayo. Iwindow iya kuvela kunye noluhlu lwezicelo kwinkqubo yethu kunye nomgca wefom apha ngezantsi ukubhala enye. Ewe, kweso sithuba ubhala "Java -jar "Ngaphandle kwezicatshulwa, kubandakanya nendawo emva kwengqayi endiyishiyileyo. Emva koko ucofa iqhosha Msgstr "Vula”Kwaye kufuneka ibaleke ngaphandle kwengxaki. Njengoko ubona, akuyomfuneko ukuyifaka.

umgqomo:

Singazenza ngokunqakraza kabini kuzo ukuze sizivule, ukuba besikhe sayinika ngaphambili iimvume zokwenza. Ukwenza oku, nqakraza kwiqhosha le mouse elisekunene kwifayile kwaye uye ku "Propiedades”Ukwabela iimvume zokwenza kwithebhu«Andivangas ». Inokufakwa nakwikhonkco ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

cd directorio_donde_está_el_binario
./nombre_binario.bin

Baleka:

Ku .run Siza kuqhubeka ngendlela efanayo kwi-.bin. Le fomathi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kubaqhubi, njenge IZiko leCatalyst le-AMD. Ukuyifaka ungasebenzisa ikhonsoli:

cd directorio_donde_está_el_paquete
sh ./nombre_paquete.run

Khumbula ukunika iimvume zokwenza kwangaphambili. Kananjalo ezinye kufuneka ziqhutywe ngamalungelo, kwimeko apho zenze njengengcambu okanye ngesudo.

Ukuba ufuna ukufaka ifayile ye .run kwimowudi yemizobo, unokucofa ekunene kuyo kwaye ukhethe "Propiedades", Emva koko kwithebhu"Iimvume"Iimpawu"Vumela ukuqhuba ifayile njengenkqubo”Kwaye wamkela ukuvala. Ngoku xa ucofa kabini kwi-run uza kubona ukuba isifakeli esifana kakhulu nezo zivulwa kwiWindows (chwetheza Okulandelayo, Okulandelayo, Kulungile…).

Uzifaka njani iincwadi zeempendulo:

.sh:

KwiLinux sinokufumana kwakhona izikripthi ezine .sh okanye .py extensions. Ukufakela olu hlobo lweempendulo siya kwirejista apho iskripthi sifumaneka khona ngomyalelo "cd" njengoko sibonile ngaphambili. Iliso! Ukuba iskripthi sipakishwe, qala ukhulule okanye uziphu. Emva koko, ungayinika imvume yokuphumeza njengoko sele uyazi (ungayenza ngendlela yemizobo okanye kwisiphelo sendlela ngomyalelo "chmod + x script_namemsgstr "ngaphandle kweempawu zokucaphula). Nje ukuba banemvume yokwenza, ukusuka kwisiphelo sendlela:

sh nombre_script.sh

o

./nombre_script.sh

.py:

Kwiifayile ezine ulwandiso .py Itoliki yolwimi esetyenziswayo kufuneka ibizwe. Ukwenza oku, chwetheza ikhonsoli oku:

python nombre_script.py install

Abanye:

Kukho ezinye iintlobo zeefayile kunye neephakeji zokufaka iinkqubo kwiLinux. Iiphakheji ezithile ezivela kwi-BSD, iSolaris, iMac OS X, kunye nezinye * nix zinokufakwa kwiLinux. Umzekelo woku zezi Solaris .pkg. Ukufaka i-.pkg ungacofa kuzo ngeqhosha lasekunene le mouse, yiya ku “Propiedades"Kwaye"Iimvume”Yabela iimvume kuyo. Emva koko ucofa kubo kabini ukuzifaka.

Kukho izixhobo ezifana OMnye ukuguqula ukusuka kwifomathi enye ukuya kwenye, umzekelo ukusuka kwi-rpm ukuya kwi-deb, njl. Oku akukhuthazwa kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela iingxaki. Ke andiyicebisi.

Ukuqhubeka nepakeji yeLinux gibberish, ukusho ukuba zininzi kunezo zibonwe apha, kodwa zinqabile kwaye aziqhelekanga. Umzekelo wokunqaba kweefayile ze- .slp basebenzise kwiprojekthi yeStampede Linux. Ukutshintsha i-.slp kwezinye iifomati eziqhelekileyo onokuzisebenzisa njengoMphambukeli (uMfokazi owafakwa ngaphambili) ngolu hlobo:

sudo alien nombre_paquete.slp nombre_paquete.extensión_nueva generated

Ngokomzekelo, Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi .slp ukuya kwi-rpm:

sudo alien miprograma.slp miprograma.rpm generated

Ungashiya izimvo zakho kunye nezicelo, amathandabuzo okanye izimvo. Ukuba unengxaki ekulandeleni amanyathelo kwesi sifundo, ndingavuya ukukunceda.