Zininzi uthelekiso yolu hlobo kwi-Intanethi, kodwa uninzi lwazo lwenziwa ngabakhuseli abangqongqo be-BSD. Oku kubenza bangathembeki kwaye bangakhethi buso, ke ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndenze olu thelekiso. Njengomsebenzisi weLinux kunye nokusasazwa kweFreeBSD ndinokucaca ngokucacileyo xa kufikwa ekuhlalutyeni zombini iinkqubo, zombini izibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga. Ngaphambili ndifuna ukucacisa ukuba zombini ezi nkqubo zilungile kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, zisimahla. Ngale nto andifuni ukushiya i-BSD imbi ngenxa yayo, kodwa ukucacisa ukuba kutheni iLinux ivele yoyisile kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu.
Yintoni oyithandayo? I-Linux inamakhulu ulwabiwo ezilungelelaniswe neemfuno zabasebenzisi bokugqibela okanye iimanyano ezahlukeneyo. Endaweni yokuba i-BSD ineendidi ezahlukeneyo ezijolise kwinto ethile, enjengokusebenza (iFreeBSD), ukubanakho (NetBSD), ukhuseleko (i-OpenBSD), njl.
El phuhliso Kwimeko ye-BSD, iqhutywa ngamaqela abahlaseli (iQela leQela) kunye nabanye abazimisele ukwenza inkqubo yokusebenza epheleleyo. I-Linux, kwelinye icala, i-kernel, ayisiyo inkqubo yokusebenza epheleleyo, kwaye iphuhliswa ngentsebenziswano neenkampani, abahlaseli, iinkqubo zekernel, kunye nabanye abaxhasi boluntu. Ngokuqinisekileyo i-Linux inegalelo ngakumbi kunye nenkqubela phambili ngokukhawuleza.
Malunga ne iilayisenisi, I-BSD ilayisenisi yokuthengisa kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ze-BSD. Eli phepha-mvume alithinteli, kuba livumela iziphumo okanye iifolokhwe ukuba zibenalo naluphi na uhlobo lwelayisensi, yiyo loo nto kusenokubakho urhwebo kunye nokuvalwa kwe-BSD, umzekelo I-Apple Mac OS X (I-EULA ilayisenisi kwaye ihlawulwe). Ngokuchasene noko, i-GPL ilayisenisi yokuba iLinux iphantsi kwaye oku kuthintele ngakumbi, kungavumeli ukuba ezinye izinto zivalwe. Ke asisoze sayibona i-Linux engenasimahla.
La ukuzinza kunye nokuqina ilungile kumacala omabini, kwi-Linux nakwi-BSD. Kodwa ukuba enye inokuqaqanjiswa ngaphezulu kwenye, iya kuba yiLinux. I-BSD ineengxaki zokuzinza xa isebenza nezinye iinkqubo zale mihla. Ukuba ziinkozo ze-monolithic, abaqhubi bachaphazela uzinzo lwembewu xa kuvela ingxaki. I-BSD inengxaki yokukhupha i-USB ngaphandle kokuqala ukuyithoba, ivelisa iPernic Panic. I-Linux, kwelinye icala, ineemodyuli ngakumbi kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ususe okanye ungeze iimodyuli ngokulula ngaphandle kokuchaphazela uzinzo lwekernel kwaye ngaphandle kokuqalisa kwakhona.
El intsebenzo enye indawo enamanzi apho kukho iintsomi ezininzi. I-FreeBSD yintsebenzo ephezulu ye-BSD elungiselelwe ngokukodwa. Kodwa ngaba iyakhawuleza kuneLinux? Kuya kufuneka ukuba uyihlolisise ngononophelo, inyani kukuba kuvavanyo lweBenchmark ezininzi olwenziwe yiPhoronix bavezile ukuba i-BSD icotha kuneLinux. Esinye sezizathu zokuphelisa le ntsomi kungenxa yokuba i-BSD iphuhlisiwe kwiikhompyuter zeMac OS X ezisebenzisa ikhomputha yomqokeleli, umqokeleli ongagqibelelanga ukuba ungoyena ubalaseleyo. I-Linux yenxalenye yayo iphuhlisiwe enkosi kumqokeleli we-GCC kwaye le inokuqhayisa ngokuba yeyona ilungileyo kwaye ivelisa eyona khowudi isebenzayo.
I-Linux yile ngaphezulu khu selekile Iminikelo efana ne-SELinux kunye ne-AppArmor, ungalibali uluntu olubanzi lwabaphuhlisi abajonga rhoqo ikhowudi yeebugs kunye nokuba semngciphekweni kwaye bayiphucule rhoqo. I-BSD ayiphicothwanga kwaye ngenxa yoko, nangona besithi kwi-BSD kulula ukubona kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo zolawulo lweqela lophuhliso, ayiyonyani ngokupheleleyo. I-OpenBSD yi-BSD eyenzelwe ukhuseleko kwaye ke yona ikhuselekile, kodwa kangakanani ... kwaye ngakumbi ukwazi ukuba uTheo de Raadt, intloko yeprojekthi ye-OpenBSD kunye ne-OpenSSH, uvumile ukushiya iingcango zangasemva ukuze i-FBI ingene kwezi nkqubo.
Kwicandelo UkusebenzisekaI-Linux ifikelele kwimimandla ene-Ubuntu kwaye namhlanje kulula ukuyisebenzisa kunee-BSD ezininzi. Zombini zinikwe imizobo ebonakalayo eyenza yonke into ibenomdla ngakumbi, kodwa iLinux iqhubele phambili kule nkalo. Ngapha koko, nkqu ne-PCBSD, i-GhostBSD okanye i-DesktopBSD, ejolise ngokucacileyo kumsebenzisi wasekhaya, ikwazile ukugcina uninzi lonikezelo lweLinux.
Ewe ukuhambelana kwizixhoboI-Linux ixhasa itekhnoloji entsha kunye nezixhobo ezininzi ngokukhawuleza. Ngapha koko iLinux ayinanto yakwenza neWindows okanye iMac OS X. Kule ndawo i-BSD yiminyaka elula, ukuzifumana ukwimeko apho iLinux yayikwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Uninzi lwengxaki ngesixhobo se-BSD sivela kuphuhliso lwayo, kuba iphunyezwa kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zeMac OS X, iimvavanyo zenziwa kwaba matshini ngokwenza inkqubo isebenze ngeVMWare. Into esebenzayo ekubonakaleni ayinakusebenza xa kuvavanywa inkqubo kumatshini wokwenyani.
El isoftware ekhoyo yeLinux ibanzi kunaleyo ifumanekayo kwi-BSD, nangona kukhuselo kufuneka kuthiwe isoftware yeLinux inokufakwa kwi-BSD ngokwenza ukuhambelana kwale njongo. Kule ntsimi inokuwina i-BSD, kuba ikwanazo neeprojekthi ezinje ngeWayini kunye nezinye izinto ezenziwayo ezenza ukuba ezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza zisebenze. Kwelinye icala, xa uhlalutya udidi lomdlalo wevidiyo, iLinux iphumelele ngodaka lomhlaba. Kukho imidlalo engakumbi nangakumbi yenkqubo ye-penguin, ngelixa ezi zinqongophele kwi-BSD.
INetBSD, inkqubo ephathekayo Ukugqwesa kubekiwe ngaphezulu kwe-56 yoyilo okanye iintsapho zehardware. Ngaba ucinga ukuba ibetha iLinux? Ewe hayi, iLinux iye yafakwa ukuya kumaqonga alikhulu (VAX, AMD64, x86, Itanium, SPARC, Alpha, MIPS, AVR32, Blackfin, ARM, ARC, Microblaze, SuperH, s390, PA-RISC, Xtensa, OpenRISC, PowerPC, m68k, njl.).
Uyabona ukuthelekisa i-BSD vs. I-Linux kunye kukhulisiwe kwaye kugqityiwe kwi yebhlog yeArchitechnology. Ndiyathemba ukuba uyaluthanda olu thelekiso kwaye uyazi ukuba uyakuxabisa njani ukulunga kwenkqubo ye-GNU / Linux, endaweni yokugxeka ezinye iinkqubo ungazi ukuba bathetha ngantoni.
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe - IJordani Hubbard elinye lishiya iapile
Imvelaphi Uyilo loyilo
Ulwazi olulungileyo, bendingazi ukuba iinkqubo ze-BSD "zineencasa" ezininzi, bendazi kuphela i-FREEBSD kunye ne-OPENBSD
Uthi awuyi kukhetha, kodwa andiboni ukuthelekiswa apho izibonelelo ze-BSD. Ukukwazi ukuqhuba ii-binaries zeLinux.
I-BSD isinika iinkqubo ezomeleleyo, ezizinzileyo kwaye ziiprojekthi ezinzulu kuneLinux. Inkqubo yokuveliswa kokukhutshwa ingqongqo ngakumbi kwaye ilawulwa (ungasathethi ke ukuba iFreeBSD yinkqubo yokusebenza epheleleyo kunye neLinux yintsimbi nje).
Kwelinye icala, yonke into icwangciswe ngakumbi, amaxwebhu asemagqabini kwaye amaphepha endoda angaqhelekanga.
Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwezi nkqubo zombini, kwezinye iimeko iFreeBSD ibhetele, kwezinye i-GNU / Linux. Ndinamava ngothutho olunzima apho iFreeBSD isebenza ngcono.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo kwi-PC yedesktop, i-GNU / Linux lolona khetho lufanelekileyo, ngenxa yenkxaso eyinikezelayo ngokubhekisele kwizixhobo kunye nangenxa yophuhliso lonikezelo olujolise ekusebenziseni lula. Kodwa kumaseva, ngumba oza kuhlalutywa, umzekelo, ndingathemba ngakumbi kwi-OpenBSD okanye kwi-FreeBSD esebenza njenge-firewall, ngenxa yomelele kuloo meko nangenxa ye-firewall uqobo (yeyakho ubuqu, kodwa ndikhetha pf ngaphambi kweeptables).
Ndibona ukukhula kweLinux njengeqela labantu abafuna ukugubungela izixhobo ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kokuya ngokungqongqo kwimicimbi yezokhuseleko. Kwelinye icala, i-Hardware exhaswa kwi-BSD incinci, kodwa iqinisekisiwe ukuba isebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwinto eyixhasayo. Mhlawumbi inkqubela phambili icotha, ngenxa yenani elincinci labaphuhlisi xa kuthelekiswa neLinux, inkxaso yeenkampani, njl. Kodwa ndiyibona ibaluleke kakhulu.
Esinye isihloko esibaluleke kakhulu kwi-BSD ngumthi wamazibuko, usivumela ukuba sifake isoftware kwikhowudi yomthombo, ngoncedo olucacileyo lokukwazi ukuyiguqula kwaye siyilungelelanise neemfuno zethu. Okanye ukudityaniswa kweeflegi ezinokusinika isibonelelo ngokokwakha kwethu.
Ngokumalunga neelayisensi, i-BSD ibonakala ilula kwaye isengqiqweni ngakumbi. Kuba ukuba sithetha ngenkululeko, i-GPL iyasithintela ukuba siguqule iinkqubo kwaye sisasaze ii-binaries ngaphandle kwekhowudi yomthombo, ngelixa i-BSD ingekho. Ayisosithintelo kwinkululeko? Ngelayisenisi ye-BSD, ndikhululekile ukwenza nantoni na endiyifunayo ngekhowudi.
Ukuqukumbela, zombini ezi nkqubo zilungile kakhulu. Kuya kuxhomekeka kwisimo abaza kusetyenziswa kuso okanye kwincasa kunye namava alowo nalowo ukuze athathe isigqibo sokuba uza kuhlala nabani.
Musa ukuba sisidenge Juan. I-GPL iqinisekisa ukuba isoftware ihlala isimahla. Isithintelo ngokubhekisele kumba wenkululeko epheleleyo, ukuyivumela ukuba ihlale ikhululekile, hayi ngokupheleleyo.
I-GNU / Linux iphicothwa ziinkampani ezininzi. BSD ezimbalwa kuphela.
Unezixhobo ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi kune-BSD kunye nendlela yayo yokwenza izinto ezintsha ikuvumela ukuba uphucule itekhnoloji kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kwinani elikhulu leemeko.
I-FreeBSD ilungile kuphela kwiindlela eziphambili.
Kwaye uyeke ukuba yijerk enjalo, kuqhelekile ukuba abalandeli be-BSD bahlasele i-GNU / Linux.
Kwakhona iFreeBSD kwiNkxaso yeHardware isendleleni ngasemva kwiinkalo ezininzi. I-BSD isebenza kuphela kwiindawo ezincinci.
Molo Anm, ubonakala ukrwada kum ngenxa yendlela othetha ngayo nabanye abasebenzisi ngokuthuka, kwaye uphosakele ngendlela eyothusayo kuba nangona ilayisensi ye-GPL ithiyori ikhusela inkululeko nge-copyleft, ekusebenzeni kweLinux igcwele iibhloko zebhanari apho ikhowudi yemvelaphi ayifumaneki. Kwaye oku akutshiwo ndim, kuthiwa umzekelo nguGreg Kroah, omnye wabaphuhlisi abaphambili beLinux, ukuba iLinux yaphula iGPL.
http://www.kroah.com/log/linux/ols_2006_keynote.html
Ke ukuba awusebenzisi i-linux-libre okanye i-kernel ebonelelwa ngu-Debian ngokungagqibekanga, i-kernel yakho ikude kakhulu kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba awusebenzisi i-adobe flash plugin, kuba ayiyonto yasimahla leyo, okanye umxhasi weSkype , Spotify njl.
Uninzi lwabasebenzisi beLinux bayayicaphukela iMicrosoft.Ngaba uyazi ukuba iMicrosoft yenye yeenkampani ezinegalelo kakhulu kwiKernel? Njengezinye iinkampani ezininzi zokuziphatha okuthandabuzekayo. Apho unayo, yonke into intlalontle kakhulu.
Kwaye enye into oyithethayo ukuba umhlaba we-BSD awuyenzi into entsha, uyisebenzisile i-SSH? Yaphuhliswa ngabantu kwi-OpenBSD, iiprothokholi ezinje nge-TCP / IP kunye ne-DNS eyona nto iphambili kwi-Intanethi inefuthe elikhulu kwilizwe le-Unix kunye ne-BSD, xa kwafumaniseka ukuba i-SSL evulekileyo ijongeka ngathi itshizi kaGruyer ukusuka kwinani lemingxunya eyokuqala Ukusebenza kumiliselo olunokuthenjwa yayingabantu be-OpenBSD ngeLibreSSL. ZFS Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni? abokuqala ukwenza izibuko yayingabantu abavela kwiFreeBSD, uyazi ukuba yintoni i-pkgsrc, yenye yeenkqubo eziphambili zephakeji? Ngaba uyayazi iDranonflyBSD yenye yeenkqubo zokusebenza eziphambili? Kwaye iikheji kwi-FreeBSD de kube lelo xesha zimbalwa kakhulu iinkampani ezenze into efanayo. Kwaye ke ixesha elide njl.
Kwaye ke uyazivumela ukuba ubize abasebenzisi be-BSD ngokubaxeka ... kodwa nceda, ukuba awunalwazi malunga nomcimbi ubuncinci sukuwuphefumlela ngokuzikhukhumalisa, wena unenzondelelo yempambano.
Okokugqibela, phawula ukuba oku kusayinwe ngumsebenzisi we-GNU / Linux okhetha ilayisensi ye-GPL kwinkalo yayo yentlalontle, kodwa ndiyaqonda ukuba abantu be-BSD benza izinto kakuhle ngelixa i-Linux isanda kuba yityhefu yekernel egcwele amabala kunye neebinary blobs ukuba inkampani nganye ukubeka ukuxhasa iimveliso zabo.
Ngeenxalenye, ndijoyine, ndiyavumelana nawe:
1) I-Anm ikrwada, ukungavumelani kusengqiqweni kwaye kuqhelekile, kuvelisa ingxoxo-mpikiswano kwaye kuyinto elungileyo, hayi ukuthukwa.
2) I-BSD ayisiyo inkqubo embi yokusebenza, nokuba inobunzima bani, kwenzeka ntoni kukuba kwezinye izinto kubhetele kuneLinux kwaye kwabanye akunjalo, ngokuthathela ingqalelo ukuthanda kunye neemfuno zakho, ungasebenzisa enye okanye enye kunye nenye into ebhetele, ukuzisebenzisa zombini, ziyahambelana.
3) Ayisiyiyo kanye into yokuba inegalelo kwi-kernel, kukuba babonile amandla e-Linux (leyo ngaphambi kokuba bangavumeli ukufikelela kwicandelo le-Windows) kwaye ngoku (yeyiphi imo yezulu), ukuyihlawula kuthethiwe, ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa (i-kernel). Njani? Ewe, ukuba ujonga ukuhanjiswa okungaphezulu kweLinux, unezicelo zeWindows, ezinje ngeSkype, okanye ukufikelela kwizicelo zeOfisi ... Ewe, iLinux ithwala isoftware eyongezelelekileyo yokuthengisa (uNvidia kunye nabaqhubi benkampani yesithathu, iChannel, iDropbox, I-Steam, iplagi yeFlash Player, iQela lokuJonga, iOpera, iSpotify, iCrossover, iVivaldi, iWPS kunye nezinye ezininzi ezandishiye kumbhobho). Ikwanayo neSpyware (ukuba uMicrosoft uyayiqonda into yokuba iimpimpi zikaSkype kuwe, unokuyifumana kuGoogle kwaye uzibonele ngokwakho).
4) Kodwa ayipheleli apho, ayisiyiMicrosoft kuphela eyenzayo, iCanonical iyayenza nayo. Abanye baya kukhumbula umfana owathi Ubuntu telemetry kuwe, bamthumelela inowuthi esemthethweni evela kwiCanonical, bemyalela ukuba ayeke ukusebenzisa igama elithi Ubuntu kunye nelogo yayo (ukuze angakwazi ukuthetha ngayo).
Ubuntu kunye neziphumo zayo ezisemthethweni (Xubuntu, Lubuntu ...) ayiphathi kuphela isoftware yobunini ngaphakathi, bayayihlola kuyo yonke into oyenzayo. Lo mfo, kwibhlog yakhe, uxelele indlela yokwenza zingasebenzi zonke i-telemetry / spyware ukuze zingadlali ngemfihlo yakho ...
5) I-BSD ibhetele kuneLinux ngandlela thile kwaye imbi kwezinye, kodwa loo nto ayenzi ukuba ibe yi-OS embi kwaphela.
6) Kwisoftware yobunini kunye ne-spyware, ngelishwa, iLinux, kunikezelo oluninzi, ayisasebenzi simahla, kwaye ine-spyware, ukuvuyisana, inyathelo elinye lokujongeka njengeWindows. I-BSD ngaloo ndlela isimahla kwaye ngaphandle kwaloo spyware ibizwa ngokuba yi-skype.
7) Kuya kufuneka sikhathazeke malunga nento eyenziwa nguMicrosoft ngeLinux ... ulwabiwo lweLinux eziyi-100% yasimahla iya isiba ncinane.
Kuyinyani ukuba i-BSD inokulunga njenge-firewall, kodwa xa ufuna ukhetho oluphambili njengokulinganisa idatha ye-QOS, okanye ukuseta iserver yeRadius, engekhoyo kwi-BSD. Kukhawulelwe kakhulu ngokhetho kwiLinux kukho amawaka eemodyuli zekernel zokulawula iserver xa ufuna ukuqala ukwenza izinto i-BSD ehambele phambili isilela. Emva kwalomthi wamazibuko ... ngenxa yoko kukho iGentoo kunye neArch eneArch Build System yayo.
kuyaxoka ukuba iMicrosoft yeyona inegalelo kakhulu kwikernel. Nje ukuba ulungise le ndlela, uya kuqhubela phambili into.
Ngayo yonke inyaniso? Ndiyacela…. I-Linux ikhuseleke ngakumbi kune-BSD? Ngobuchule ngakumbi? Umama…
Kuya kufuneka uzibhale ngokwakho. UTheo akazange avume ukushiya iingcango zangasemva kwi-OpenBSD. Ngapha koko, uDarpa wayeka ukunikela ngokugxeka ezopolitiko zamanye amazwe e-United States. Ukuqhubela phambili ikhowudi ye-OpenBSD yaphicothwa kwaye akukho zingcango zangasemva, kwaye kwenziwa ukubonisa ubungqina besityholo sobuxoki.
Luluphi uthelekiso olufanelekileyo (?), Ndibona kuphela izimvo ezithandwa yiLinux kunye ne-blah blah blah. Ndingumsebenzisi we-linux kodwa bendihlala ndiyithanda * i-BSD.
Ngaba i-BSD ifana neLinux kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo? Sisiphi esona siphako kufuneka usifunde kunye neengcali ze-intanethi zobuxoki. Phantse rhoqo iitekhnoloji ezintsha zikwi-BSD kunye neLinux ubuninzi beenyanga ezi-3 umahluko (umzekelo, umyalelo we-TRIM, i-AHCI, i-IPv6 kunye nezinye ezininzi)
Ngapha koko, ndicinga ukuba ii-jihadists ze-GNU ziyacaphukisa ukuba i-BSD ayisebenzisi iilayisensi ze-GPL, isebenzisa umhlanganisi wayo we-gcc kwaye iyazibiza isoftware yasimahla nayo yonke loo verbiage.
Ngapha koko, ndisandula ukufumanisa ukuba kukho umntu ongaphezulu kweTaliban kunomntu othanda i-linux fanboy: i-BSD fanboy !!!
haha
Inkqubo ye-monolithic kunye neemodyuli, ukuba awazi, musa ukuvula umlomo
Ngaba le nkwenkwe yakha yasebenzisa i-kldload? yena! ihlwempu ukungazi ... andazi ukuba bamvumela njani ukuba apapashe inkunkuma ngolu hlobo, funda ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuthelekisa ...
Olona thelekiso lungathandekiyo nolungathandekiyo endilubonileyo ebomini bam lufanelwe ngokwenene NGUMNTU ongenalwazi othanda iLinux, inyani yokuba uninzi lwethu lusebenzisa iLinux ayithethi ukuba siyazidelela iinkokheli ze-BSD ekusebenzeni nakukhuseleko phakathi kwezinye izinto, le bhlog thelekisa ungangcolisi, Indlela ehlekisayo.
Kwimizamo yam yokusondela kwiLinux - ndifuna ukushiya iiwindows-ndiye ndafumana utyekelo lokuba nefaticity kunetekhnoloji. Zimbalwa iiblogi apho uthelekiso phakathi kwezinye ii-OS lusondela ngendlela engakhethi buso, ungasathethi ke phakathi kwe-distros ye-Linux efanayo! I-BSD indithathela ingqalelo (nangona ndingakhange ndiyisebenzise) kwaye ndicinga ukuba nokuba ibiyinkqubo ye-lousy yokusebenza ngekhe kubekho sizathu sokuthuka abasebenzisi bayo.
Ukuzenzela uxwebhu ngakumbi yile nto kufuneka uyenze ngaphambi kokushicilela ukubetha nje! .. Inkqubo yokusebenza ayisoze ibengcono kuba isetyenziswa linani elithile labasebenzisi, ukuba ayililo igalelo kunye nezisombululo ezibonelela umsebenzisi, nangayiphi na indlela, umsebenzisi IMac inokuthi iMac ibhetele kuneWindows okanye iLinux okanye i-BSD, phantse kuyo yonke into ikhompyuter ye-fanaticism imfamekisa ukuvulwa kobuchwephesha obutsha okanye ukuphinda kwenziwe iinkqubo kwakhona ngokokuqonda kwethu yinkqubo ehambelana nomsebenzisi hayi eyahlukileyo.
Kodwa ekusebenzeni ulungile kakhulu, nokuba uninzi luyilwe apha ngenxa yempambano yabo yokuba i-bsd inenzuzo ngakumbi. Iibhentshi ziyangqina, ngcono ukuba kuthethwe ngovavanyo.
http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=pcbsd-101-first&num=1
I-kernel yeLinux ayifani neemodyuli ngokuthelekiswa ne-BSD ...
Kwakhona, andibonanga nto malunga nezibonelelo ze-BSD. Ndisebenzisa iinkqubo zeLinux, kodwa bendinomdla wokuvavanya iFreeBSD. Kwaye kulusizi ukuba ikhonkco elithunyelwe ekupheleni kwenqaku alifumaneki.
Ukuba ufuna "yonke inyaniso", nantsi (ivela kumntu okhe wazisebenzisa zombini):
Ukuba ufuna iserver ngaphandle kweengxaki ezininzi okanye indawo ezinzileyo kunye neenkqubo kwaye awukhathali malunga nokusikelwa umda kwelayisensi yeGPL, emva koko ukhethe iLinux.
Ukuba ufuna konke oku kungasentla, kwaye ukhetha ilayisensi ye-BSD ekhululekile ukuba ungavala ikhowudi, uyisebenzele kwaye uyithengise (njengoko iApple yenzayo ngeMac OS, okanye iSony enePS3 kunye nePS4), emva koko khetha i-BSD.
Ukusebenza ngobulumko, akunamsebenzi! Ukuba uGoogle usebenzisa iLinux kunye ne-NASA isebenzisa i-BSD ayisiyonto ingako yokusebenza kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwephesha, eneneni uninzi lwenzululwazi zaselebhu zisebenzisa ... iiWindows! Ukuba awunayo ikhompyuter endala kakhulu (kwaye iza ne-Windows efakwe ngaphambili) zombini iLinux kunye ne-BSD ziya kusebenza ngaphandle kobunzima (ndinekhompyuter endala ukusuka ku-2006 ene-1GB ye-RAM endiyisebenzisela ukuzama kwaye iqhuba iinguqulelo zamva nje Zombini ngaphandle kwengxaki).
Kwaye ukuba ungumntu oqhelekileyo ongenamdla nakweziphi na ezi zinto zingasentla kwaye ngenxa yezizathu ezithile iWindows ayihambelani nawe, khetha iLinux, into efana ne-Unix yabaqalayo ngezinye "izihombiso" (i-GNOME, KDE, UMANYANO, njl.), kwaye ushiye i-BSD iye kubasebenzisi abaphambili ngakumbi.
Ngazo zonke ezi zinto zingasentla, zombini iLinux kunye ne-BSD baneengxaki ezininzi (ukungahambelani komqhubi, iibhugi, njl.njl.), Kwaye unokuba namaxesha abuhlungu kakhulu (andiqondi ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba ubakhankanye bonke, uyazi into endiyiyo ukuthetha nge). Ngamanye amaxesha uhlaziyo olulula lunokuphosa inkqubo kuwe kwaye andikhathali nokuba bathini abalandeli: ukuba awukatsho ukuba "Oku kuyanya!" ngaphezulu kwesihlandlo esinye xa usebenzisa i-Linux okanye i-BSD, emva koko khange uzisebenzise ngokwaneleyo.
Sele ndigqithile kuzo zonke kwaye ndicinga ukuba ndinganika umbono oqinisekileyo, nangona ngokuqinisekileyo umntu eza kuthi patatá! kunye # @ grrr!, kodwa nantsi ndiya:
I-FreeBSD: yomrhanelwa oqhelekileyo ongathandabuzekiyo: ubunzima bofakelo, ulwazi oluphambili kwi-UNIX kunye nee-bugs, ezingaguquguqukiyo kunesiqhelo ezihlala zikhokelela ekubeni uphinde ubhale phantse zonke iifayile zoqwalaselo, zikulahle. Ngoku, ukuba uza kuyisebenzisa ukuphatha inethiwekhi, ewe, kuba i-pf ayizizo ii-iptable, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ikhawuleza ngokudibeneyo ne-Apache neMariadb ...
I-Linux: kufuneka siqale ngayo: yeyiphi kubo? Awunakho ukwenza ngokubanzi kwaye ujikeleze kwigama linux toooodo uluhlu lwee-chromatic zonikezelo, uzifake kwifaneli kwaye uthi: Güindous fortin!. I-Linux yahlukile kwaye iyaphuma. I-Linux yile paella. I-FreeBSD yirayisi emhlophe. Kodwa ukushiya izikweko ngasemva kuba ndilambile kwaye ifriji ayinanto, ukugqibela kwam ukujonga le brokholi ibitshintshile kwaye ibinika iinkuni zehagu eziqingqiweyo. Inyathelo namava am:
-Ubuntu: Ndiqale ngo-6.04. Iingxaki ezininzi. Ezininzi. Intloko ebuhlungu. Kodwa ndanyamezela ndaza nge-10.04 emva koko ngo-12.04, nangona kuye kwafuneka ndiyishiye apho ngenxa yokuba i-HDD iqhume, kwaye bafaka iiwindows 8 kwikhompyuter entsha ye-64-bit. Kodwa khange ndiyibuyisele. Uqwalaselo. Ngomsebenzisi ophakathi kulungile. Kananjalo unokwenza izinto ezininzi ngayo, kodwa ke ndathi ndakukhuphela i-14.04, ndeva ukuba isiphumo siyayifaka ...
-Linux Mint: Ndizamile i-distro esekwe kwi-Ubuntu 14.04 kwaye… isebenzisa izixhobo ezimbalwa, ungenza okufanayo no-Ubuntu kwaye kulungile. Zombini, inyani yokuba: zinokusetyenziswa njengeeseva, nangona zingacacanga ngakumbi kuneFreeBSD, ungazilungiselela ukukhwabanisa, ukubetha, uyilo lwegraphic, imidlalo, imultimedia, inkqubo: I-NetBeans, QT uMdali (uluntu), iGambas, njl. .., nazo zonke iilayibrari ozifunayo ngeRuby, iPython, i-C ++, i-VBasic, iBorland, iPascal, iJava ... Iqwalaseleke kakhulu ngandlela zonke, ayisiyiyo kuphela imbonakalo ebonakaliswa ngabasebenzisi beFreeBSD njengebubudenge, nini iyakwenza lula ukusetyenziswa, kodwa yonke into.
Kwiseva: FreeBSD, ArchLinux, Red Hat kunye neziphumo zazo zonke, kunye neSuse.
Kubasebenzisi, neliphi na inqanaba: BONKE, nangona bendingazukucebisa iFreeBSD, iArchLinux, iGentoo kwabo bavela kwiWindows bengakhange bagqithele kwii-distros "zasekhaya" ezinjengeChromixium, iZorin okanye iChaletos.
Ukukhutshwa kokuqengqeleka akusetyenziswanga kwiserver ... manco
Hehehe, yhoo
Ukufunda nje isihloko sesi sishwankathelo sokungena kwangaphambili kwi-techrepublic indixelele ukuba andifanele ukuchitha ixesha lam.
Ndiyakuvuyela. Inqaku lakho le-trollsensacionalista lifumene olunye ungeno. Kwakhona uluhlu lwabamnyama olubanzi lwesizinda, nangona.
Ndizothumela itaringa okwethutyana ndifunde iindaba ezivela kwiiForocoches. hamba.?
Andivumelani nezinto ezininzi ezithethwa leli nqaku. Ngaphandle kokuthetha iintsomi (into malunga noTheo de Raadt kunye ne-FBI), okanye ukuba i-BSD yisoftware yakudala, okanye iLinux ikhuseleke ngakumbi, njl. Ayizukungena kuzo zombini iinkqubo zokusebenza ngokulinganayo (kulungile, iLinux yiKernel , inkqubo iya kuba yi-GNU).
Yintoni i "linuxers" engacingi ngayo (irekhodi endikhe ndalisebenzisa kwi-Debian GNU / Linux kwilaptop yam ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10) kukuba xa ususa abaqhubi abanelungelo, iilayibrari zobunini kunye nesoftware yobunini kwiLinux, iLinux ngekhe Unenkxaso yehardware kunye nomdlalo omninzi kunye nezicelo ezininzi njengoko inqaku libanga ukuba linalo.
Kwi-FreeBSD okanye kwi-OpenBSD sifuna kuphela ukuba ne-100% yesoftware yasimahla kunye ne-100% yokuqhuba simahla, ukuba nenkqubo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo, ethembekileyo, eyomeleleyo kodwa, ngaphezulu kwako konke, enika abasebenzisi inkululeko yokuyiguqula nokusasaza ngokukhululekileyo, kwaye akukho sicelo abantu besithathu bayabahlola.
Lo ngumahluko namhlanje, ukuba umndilili "linuxero" ufuna nje ukuba ne-chupiguay desktop enezicelo ezininzi, kwaye bayayilibala imvelaphi yokuba kutheni iLinux yenziwa, kwaye ngakumbi, kutheni uRichard Stallman enze iGNU.
Nge-BSD sigcina loo moya. Ukongeza kwi-desktops eqhelekileyo (i-Gnome3, i-KDE4, i-xfce, kunye nazo zonke ezi zinto zingasentla), iinkqubo zokwenza izicelo (i-Geany, i-Emacs, njl. Njl.)
Ukuqukumbela, ukuba ususa yonke into enobunini kwi-GNU / Linux (engenasimahla, kwi-debian) inokujongeka njengokukhompyuter ene-BSD efakiweyo.
Imibuliso kubo bonke. Isoftware ekude iFree Simahla
Joan, vumelana ngokupheleleyo nayo yonke into oyithethayo kunye ne-Long Live Anarchy!
Inqaku elinye, uJoan, ngokoluvo lwakho ucinga ukuba inoxanduva kwezentlalo, indawo esekwe kwiLinux enelayisensi enendlela yentlalo enje ngeGPL kodwa eneneni ibe yile:
http://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/members
Ukongeza kwiibhloko, ii-binaries, ii-firmwares, kunye ne-bots endithethe ngazo ndiphendula ingxelo ka-Anm.
Okanye iinkqubo zokusebenza ze-BSD zinoxanduva kwezentlalo, ngophuhliso olunonopheleyo, olukhokelwa luluntu oluqhekezayo, ngaphandle kwamashishini amakhulu azula-zula ngokukhululekileyo, kodwa enelayisensi ethi, nangona ingayinciphisi inkululeko kubasebenzisi, ayiyigcini nayo.
Eyona nto ilungileyo kum iya kuba yinto efana ne-GNU / BSD kodwa iya kuba kukuba akukho luvo lukhulu! XDDD
Izimvo ezilungileyo ngokubanzi. Kodwa ndibona umngcipheko omncinci usebenzisa amagama angenabungani kwaye angeyomfuneko. Masingakulibali ukuba sikwiwebhu kwaye wonke umntu uyasifunda.
Izimvo zizimvo kuphela, ukugxothwa ngaphandle kokubonisa idatha ephathekayo kulula.
UJoan. Ngaphandle kokungena kokungafaneleki kuba silapha ukuxoxa ngoxolo, ndicinga ukuba ugqwesile ngenxalenye yokugqibela yezimvo zakho.
Njengawe, ndisebenzisa i-linux. Kubonakala ngathi i-OS kum, intle kakhulu.
Ndiyakholelwa ngokuthobekileyo ukuba ireferensi yakho yemfuno yokungabikho simahla inokubangelwa kukumiselwa okuthile kwezixhobo.
Kwimeko yam, yonke inkqubo yam isebenza ngokumangalisayo kubandakanya ikhadi levidiyo, (nokuba ndifakela abaqhubi be-NVIDIA abanelungelo ngokusebenzisa iphaneli yokulawula).
Kokunye ndisebenzisa usetyenziso lwazo zonke iintlobo kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba ndisebenzise nayiphi na indawo eyongezelelweyo engahlawulelwayo ngaphandle kwale i-Debian ibonelela ngokwakhona.
A ubingelele.
Uxolo ukuvuselela iposti ukusukela ngo-2014, kodwa njengomsebenzisi wesoftware yasimahla ndingathanda ukuphawula.
Ndisebenzisa i-GNU / Linux kwindawo yobuqu engakumbi. Kwiikhompyuter ezi-2 ndinayo ine-GNU / Linux kuphela kwaye enye ine-dualboot ene-GNU / Linux kunye neWindows (ngelishwa ndifuna ezinye iinkqubo ezithi, kancinci zisebenze ngcono kwiWindows). Kodwa emsebenzini wam ndineseva yeFreeBSD enyusiweyo, kwaye ngaphambili ibikwiGNU / Linux.
Ndicinga ukuba i-GNU / Linux, nangona ikwimeko efanelekileyo yokusebenzela, ijongeka ngakumbi yindawo ye desktop, kunye ne-BSD njengeseva iyamangalisa
Ndishiye iYunivesithi yaseCalifornia. Oko kukuthi, iminyaka yam yokuqala engama-40 bendiseCalifornia ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwe-IBM-PC, iMicrosoft, iApple, uGoogle, iSilicon Valley, njlnjl... Andiyongcali kwezobuchwephesha (biology), kodwa ndizenzele iikhompyuter zonke ubomi kwiinjongo zeshishini. Ndicinga ukuba umbhali uthinte zonke iindawo, kodwa eyona nto iphambili kufuneka ibenayo
amanye amagama: Ilayisensi yinto yonke. Ukuba uza kufuna inkqubo onolawulo olupheleleyo kuyo, khetha i-BSD. I-Linux kunye ne-GNU ayisiyonto yasimahla- kufana nokuthi iPhathi yaBantu iyathandwa. Ukuba uqhele ukubhatalela iiWindows kwaye unesakhono esithile sobuchwephesha kwaye ufuna ukubuyisela imali yakho ngomsebenzi kunye nokutya ikhokhonathi yakho, khetha iLinux. Khetha ukuhanjiswa okusebenza kakuhle kwikhompyuter yakho- kuya kufuneka uchithe iiveki kwaye uzame.
Ukuba ubungcali obunenjongo yokuphuhlisa iinkqubo ze-intanethi zeenkampani
kwaye mhlawumbi ufuna ukuzithelekisa nenkqubo yokusebenza (kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene nayo), khetha iFreeBSD. Ukuba uza kuphuhlisa kuphela iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-intanethi (i-CMS, njl.), Khetha iRedhat / Fedora. Kodwa, kuwo omabini la matyala, ekugqibeleni, uza kufunda zonke iinkqubo, iJava,
Apache, Tomcat, Postgres, Whitebeam, node, Clang, njl, njl.
ukuba ibalulekile. Kukho ii-emulators ze-Android kwiLinux, akunjalo? I-Android enkulu
Ithebhulethi mhlawumbi ingcono kwaye ungakulibala okwadlulayo, inkohliso yenkululeko, iminqweno yakho kwaye uginye yonke into egqitywa nguGoogle, ukuba ayisiyiyo i-GNU, indlu yeWindows, okanye izivumelwano zamazwe aphesheya (iBerne). Inkululeko ayilokhaya lincinci. (Uxolo Spanglish wam, nceda.)
Mholweni. Ndingumsebenzisi weLinux. Ndikuxelela amava am kuye nabani na onokukukhonza.
Andizukuthelekisa neFreeBSD kuba khange ndiyisebenzise, kodwa kuyacaca ukuba kwizinto ezininzi iLinux iya kuphumelela kwaye kwizinto ezininzi iLinux izakuphulukana, kuxhomekeke kwimfuno yomsebenzisi.
Ngokwendlela yokusebenza, yonke iLinux ayinakufakwa ngokungathi iyafana. Ndandivavanya ulwabiwo oluninzi de ekugqibeleni ndafumana iDebian, eyayinayo yonke into endiyifunayo nendiyifunayo. Kude kufike inkqubo ye-systemd kwaye ndizamile iSlakware kunye neDevuan. Ngaphandle kokudlula kwii-distros ezininzi, ndothuka xa ndizama iSlackware, umahluko kwisantya kunye nobumdaka ngokuthelekiswa neDebian bebuphelele, bekufana nokuthatha ikhefu kwikamva. Phakathi kwezinye ii-distros endingazange ndizame umahluko wawumangalisa kangaka.
I-Linux i-mint: Mhlawumbi yeyona ndlela ilula yokusebenza onokuyisebenzisa kumsebenzisi wedesktop rhoqo. Uninzi luya kuthi hayi, kodwa bahlala bethetha oko kuba sele beqhelene neLinux kunye neziphumo kwaye zonke zilula ngokulinganayo. Ndizamile namadoda am amadala aneminyaka emalunga ne-70 kwaye awanazo izakhono zekhompyuter kwaye ahlengahlengise ngokukhawuleza ngeewindows (zombini i-xp kunye ne-7). Ndisebenza njengegcisa kwaye ke kuye kwafuneka ukuba kuvavanywe abathengi kwaye isiphumo sinye. Kulabo abangayiqondiyo nantoni na, yeyona nto ilula ekhoyo. Ukufakwa kukodwa kulula kunokusetha iwotshi. Beka i-cd ephilayo kwaye kukho indlela emfutshane ethi "faka i-linux mint" cofa kabini, beka ilizwe, ulwimi, linda imizuzwana embalwa kwaye uqalise kwakhona.
UDevuan: akandiphendulanga njengoDebian, kukwisigaba sokuvavanya kwaye kuyabonisa, nanjengoko bendicacisile, bajolise kuqala ekwenzeni ukuba isebenze njengeseva. Kumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo akulunganga.
Isoftware kaDebian kunye nesimahla: Ndihlala ndisebenzisa zonke iisoftware zasimahla ngaphandle kwabaqhubi bevidiyo, nokuba umntu unempambano kangakanani, iphela isiwa kubaqhubi babucala okanye yamkele simahla abancama ukusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo.
Kwiilayisensi: Ukutsho ukuba ii-BSD zikhululekile kuba zikuvumela ukuba uvale ikhowudi njalo njalo, ngumbono ozimeleyo kunye nexesha elifutshane. I-GNU iqinisekisa inkululeko yokuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji, ngelixa i-BSD iqinisekisa inkululeko yokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ngumntu ngamnye. Ngoku ngokuziqhelanisa, njengoko besithi kuyafana, igcwele iinkqubo ze-linux ezingathobeli i-GNU. Okubaluleke ngakumbi ukuthobela i-GNU unokumilisela into efana ne-systemd, unakho nge-BSD; Inqaku lam lelokuba umntu uthetha ukuba uya kuhlala eyifumana indlela.
Ngokwezokhuseleko, i-linux inezabelo ezithile ezenzelwe le njongo, njengeFreeBSD kunye nokuyaphula, njengoKali.
Isiphelo sam yile: Ezi ngxoxo kunye nokuthelekisa akunanto. Ngokumalunga nokhuseleko, ukusebenza, ukubanakho koguquko njl.nolwazi oluphambili kakhulu luyafuneka ukuba luthathe isigqibo. Abantu abambalwa abanokuziva kwaye bachaphazeleke koku kungafaniyo inokuba ngabo sele besebenza kuwo omabini amaqela ophuhliso lweLinux kunye neFreeBSD, bangabhali kwaye bavavanye ulwabiwo okanye basebenze kwezinye iiseva ezilawula inkampani.
Njenge nyani eyongezelelweyo nangenxa yomsebenzi wam, ndiyadinwa kukubona abantu betyekele ekusebenzeni. Babhatala imali eninzi ngezinto ze-state-of-art abathi bazipakisha kwi-pc engalinganiyo; Bakhangela isoftware ekwaziyo ukuphendula kwizigidi zeziganeko ezingalindelwanga ngamawaka emisebenzi abangazange bayisebenzise (kube lula kunokulungisa impazamo, ukuyenza kwakhona kwasekuqaleni), usebenzisa usetyenziso ukuze i-pc ilawule izixhobo ngcono kodwa ukuchitha ixesha elifanayo usebenzisa uninzi lweeapps. Ndikwasebenza njengengcali nomcebisi kule micimbi nenkampani yamagqwetha, kwaye YONKE le "yokhuseleko" ecinga ukuba isonjululwa ngendlela elula, isophula abantu hayi oomatshini (njengoko wenzayo uKevin Mitnick ngeloxesha). Kukho oku kuphikisana kulandelayo, yonke loo mibuzo ineenkcukacha kwaye ikhethekileyo, ngaphandle kokwazi nokuzinikela kuyo nayiphi na into eyenzayo, ayisebenzi kwaye ukuba unelo nqanaba lolwazi, ucwangco kunye nobungcali, ziphela zingafuneki.
Ndizakuzama iFreeBSD kwaye mhlawumbi emva kwethutyana ndiyimise kwaye ayizukundisebenzela, hayi kuba imbi kodwa kwinto endiyibonayo ayizukuphendula kule nto ndiyifunayo, ngendlela efanayo naleyo amakhulu eLinux distros kwaye zonke iiwindows zenza. Kwenye iFreeBSD inokuba yile nto uyifunayo. Omnye umntu unokusebenzisa iLinux ethile kodwa wafunda ukusebenzisa iFreeBSD kwaye uyonwaba kuyo kwaye uyayazi kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo sisixhobo esisebenzayo: okufanayo kunokwenzeka kumsebenzisi weLinux.
Ukusuka ekusebenziseni iFreeBSD ndiza kuba nalo ulwazi. Abantu abaphuhlisa i-BSD okanye iLinux abanakho ukuba kuyo yonke into, bakhetha enye kwaye baqhubeke ukuyiphuhlisa, ngendlela efanayo neyokukhetha enye kwaye siqhubeke ukuyisebenzisa ekusebenzeni, ngumahluko wokuba sinokutshintsha ngalo lonke ixesha ngelixa bengenzi Kungenxa yoko le nto siphela sixoxa ngokuthabathayo ngale micimbi, xa kuphela kwabo banelungelo lokwenyani lokuthetha ngokungenangqondo ngabo bathi yonke imihla xa bevuka baye emsebenzini ukuze bakwazi ukwenza ezi nkqubo sithetha ngazo kakhulu.
I-PS: Zombini inqaku kunye nezimvo ngaphandle kokubeka i-BSD emngciphekweni ziyandikhuthaza ukuba ndizisebenzise kuba andinakuze ndifumane uhlalutyo olungakhethi cala ngesihloko, zombini ezenziwa ngabantu be-BDS kunye neLinux kwaye kuphela kwendlela yokusebenzisa yona.
Sawubona,
Ulugxekile inqaku lam utyhola uthotho lokuqwalaselwa kwakho. Ndingazenza umdla kwaye ndikuxelele ukuba awuchanekanga okanye uyakuphikisa, kodwa xa ndibhala eli nqaku mhlawumbi bendicinga ezinye izinto ngokwahlukileyo kule ndiyikholelwayo ngoku ndinamava amancinci. Ke ngoko, ndingatsho ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba unyanisile. Amen!
Enkosi ngokusifunda. Konke okugqibelele.
Ungaligxeki inqaku lakho. Zingako izimvo kodwa hayi. Kodwa inyani yokuba uhlala "ukhuphisana" ngokusebenza kwesixhobo endaweni yokucinga ngento eyenzelwa ngubani kwaye ngubani oza kuyisebenzisa. Ukwenza umzekelo, ngokuqinisekileyo uninzi lwethu siluthiyile iifestile, kodwa yibhanki okanye umntu osebenza eziofisini (eArgentina, ilizwe lam) kuphela kwenkqubo abaza kuyisebenzisa, ngaphezulu kwe-XP, kwaye kuphela kokufunda izokunceda. Kananjalo akuyi kufuneka ukuba uyifunde ngokunzulu, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu. NgeLinux kwenzeka into efanayo ngamawaka eLinux, zonke izinto ezahlukeneyo. I-Debian yandikhonza, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokusebenziseka kwayo kunye nozinzo, ewe ndaye ndaya kuyo ngenjongo yokucinga, ndiqikelela ukuba ezinye ii-distros ezininzi ziya kundikhonza, kodwa ndeza kwiDebian kwaye yaphendula kuyo yonke into endiyifunayo.
Ngoku, ndichithe ixesha elithile noDevuan, oneengxaki endingenakuzisombulula, ndaye ndatshintshela kwiSlackware. Kwinto endiyisebenzisayo, zombini ziluncedo kwaye kwizinto ezahlukileyo andinalo ulwazi oluninzi lokuzisebenzisa, nto leyo edla ngokwenzeka kubasebenzisi abaninzi beLinux; ukuba kunzima ukuyisebenzisa yintsomi; Ngaphezulu kwentsomi, yinto yexesha elidlulileyo, namhlanje zonke zilula ukuzisebenzisela umsebenzisi osemgangathweni. Xa kuvela ingxaki yenye into, kwimeko yam ngokomzekelo ndiphelelwa yiseva x ngalo lonke ixesha ndihlaziya kwaye ngaphandle komlawuli wenethiwekhi. Ngokwentsebenzo, ukuba udibanisa imithombo ngaphandle kwe-distro, isantya siyabonakala.
Inqaku lam yile, uninzi luthanda kakhulu malunga nenkqubo ngaphandle kokuba nobulumko ngokugqibeleleyo ukuze ufumane uninzi lwayo.
Ngokufika kwenkqubo, into ebesiyithanda kakhulu malunga neLinux ilahlekile ngokupheleleyo kwaye yonke into imanyene, njengohlobo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo zeewindows ezinesakhelo sazo. Zimbalwa ii-distros ezingazisebenzisiyo, ezinye zazo ezingakhange zitsho ukuba ziya kuziphumeza. Amathuba ancitshisiwe kwaye umbono weFreeBSD uqala ukuba nomtsalane ngakumbi. KwiFreeBSD ihlala igxekwa ukuba ayinazintlobo zininzi zabaqhubi kwaye ngenxa yoko yenza kancinci. Ngokwenyani kuphela kwimidlalo apho lo mahluko kwisantya ubalulekile, apho i-directx ihlala iphezulu kwiifestile. Mhlawumbi umntu ofuna ukwenza ividiyo enkulu, okanye ubalo olukhulu lweelebhu, kodwa ezi zimbini zokugqibela kuya kufuneka zisebenzise izinto ezibaxelelwa ziinkampani zabo, hayi ezona ziqhuba kakuhle. Ndinomzekelo umhlobo wam osenyongweni osebenza kwisebe lezokhuselo kwaye apho umntu alindele ubugocigoci kunye nokukhetha ngobunono kwezixhobo zokuzisebenzisa, isonjululwa kancinci ngemibuzo yezivumelwano neenkampani, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali njl.njl. kwaye hayi ubukrelekrele.
Kuyinyani into oyithethayo malunga nabakhuseli be-FreeBSD, ndiyifundile, kodwa iyafana neLinux kunye neWindows (iMac ayifanelanga ukukhankanywa). Phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba ungakhethi cala kuba kukho umba obalulekileyo osisiseko esahlulayo, onento yokwenza nendima esiyinika ulwazi, ulwazi kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji. Okokugqibela, into edla ngokubangela ukuba inkanuko yethu ithande ukuba nento yokwenza naloo nto ngaphandle kokwenza ngokwenyani. Ndiyayitsho njengomntu othanda iLinux kodwa kunye nemidlalo kwaye xa kuziwa ekudlaleni i-opengl kunye newayini banomsebenzi ophantsi ngokupheleleyo, ewe kukho imidlalo i-PC eninzi kakhulu ukuba ayinamsebenzi, kodwa intsha yi.
I-PS: ngokombono wam yinkqubo yokutshatyalaliswa kweLinux njengoko siyazi kwaye kuya kufuneka sigxile ekufundeni kwaye ngakumbi ukukhuthaza ii-distros ezingazisebenzisiyo kwaye zixhase iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinje nge-BSD ukuze zingaveli "zintsha windows elinelinye iGama ".
Ngendlela, kwasekuqaleni ndacacisa ukuba zizinto zam eziqwalaselweyo.
Ndiyinjineli yesoftware kwinkampani ejolise kuphuhliso lwesoftware yokhuseleko, ngakumbi ndisebenza nethiyori yomhlanganisi, kwaye ndiyaxolisa u-Isaac, impikiswano yakho ingaphezulu kokuthelekisa i-GCC ne-CLang (phambi kwe-LLVM), andenzi njalo Yazi ukuba uyekile ngamanye amaxesha ukuqonda ulwakhiwo lomhlanganisi kunye nolunye kodwa nangona i-GCC yenza umsebenzi wayo kufana nokuthelekisa ama-600 ngokuchasene neFerrari, andizukuxoxa ngomahluko onokuwabona kuwo http://clang.llvm.org/comparison.html#gccUkuba iLinux isebenzisa i-GCC, kungenxa yokuba ikhowudi ye-kernel idityaniswe ngokuqinileyo kunye neenketho ezithile ze-GCC.
Ndikwacinga ukuba ndingumdwelisi "ohloniphekileyo" kuzo zombini i-Linux kunye ne-BSD kernel space, kunye nendawo yomsebenzisi, kwaye ndenza kakuhle nakwiLinux njengeFreeBSD.
Ngokubhekisele kukhuseleko, kuyinyani ukuba i-SELinux inokubonakala inomdla, kodwa kumava am amakhulu andibonanga mntu uyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo, ngaphandle kokuba iRed Hat iyifaka ngokungagqibekanga kwiinkqubo zayo nakwiFedora. Nangona kunjalo, ndingavuma ukuba iLinux inokuba neenzuzo ezithile kwezokhuseleko, nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekisele kwiLinux ixhomekeke kumaQela abonakala ngathi ayinkqubo entsonkothileyo nelishwa xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zophicotho-zincwadi zeFreeBSD, iindawo zekernel (yintoni abantu yazi njengezikhongozeli kwindawo yomsebenzisi) kukulingisa okungafunekiyo kweentolongo ze-BSD kunye nokusilela okuninzi (jonga umba / wokukhutshwa ngaphakathi kwezikhongozeli).
Ngelishwa ayikho i-Linux okanye i-BSD enokuthi ibengu-microkernel, uyilo lwazo lusekwe kwiimodyuli ezinxibeleleneyo kwaye ukunyaniseka ndiyibonile i-linux iqhuma ngee-panern panics ngaphezulu kwama-BSD.
Ukusebenza? Ewe, kuxhomekeke, iLinux ineenkampani ezininzi ngasemva kwayo kwaye abaqhubi abaninzi bazilungiselele kakhulu, imeko ye-e1000e (ikhadi lenethiwekhi ye-Intel) ithi qatha engqondweni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwiimeko ezithile zale ndlela ye-BSD inengxaki , Kodwa akufuneki silibale ukuba abavelisi abaninzi basekela izixhobo zabo zenethiwekhi kwii-BSDs (iitshintshi, iirouters) ngesixhobo esithile kwaye kulapho ihlwempu yeLinux ihlaziswa.
I-Linux ngumonakalo wegazi, / sys, / proc, ioctls (kwaye andibhekiseli kuphela kwiziphelo okanye ibhloko / izixhobo zabalinganiswa), ukuvula i-NETLINK uhlobo lweziseko, ii-sysctls ... Konke oku ukunxibelelana ne-kernel, kwi-FreeBSD wena Ndiza kuyishwankathela: sysctl, period.
Kwaye andizukucacisa ngakumbi, ukuba uthelekiso luyathandeka, wonke umntu ufuna ulwazi:
ZFS vs. btrfs
PF vs iptables, okanye ukuba uyafuna, netfilter
Ulawulo oluphezulu lwe-FS kwi-FreeBSD vs Linux, kwaye undixelele ukuba yintoni / ibaleka kunye / var / run yeyakho; / media, / mnt, kunye / run / media; / opt kunye / usr / yengingqi kunye nobuninzi bobubhanxa.
Kwaye kutheni ungaqhubeki phambili, isikizi lenkqubo, umdali wedemon yakho entle ye-bonjour, avahi daemon.
Funda iFreeBSD (/ usr / src) kunye nekhowudi yeLinux, emva koko ukhethe into oyisebenzisayo
iklxox nkcnsxgxxbx ikhupha isjsh
I-gnu / linux ibhetele kwaye ikwanayo nesoftware
Amazulu, emva kokufunda onke la magqabantshintshi ndiye ndabona ukuba kukho impikiswano phakathi kwenkqubo engcono kunenye iminyaka ... ngokuthelekisa umzekelo iMac OS neWindows kuyo nayiphi na inguqulelo zayo kunye nokuthelekisa iiWindows neLinux, kwaye ngoku ndiyayibona kunye neLinux kunye ne-BSD kuyo nayiphi na inguqulelo zabo. Inyani yile yokuba zonke zilungile njengoko zisithi zixhomekeke kudidi lomsebenzisi kwaye ukuthetha inyani umntu ngamnye uya kuthi i-OS abayisebenzisayo yeyona ilungileyo kuba basebenzisa inqaku elinye lokuthelekisa okanye elininzi, uthelekiso lwe-OS ikwiiselfowuni ... enkosi ngethamsanqa lam ndingathi, ndiye ndanxulunyaniswa neenkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza ukusukela ngeWindows 97 eyayiyi-OS yokuqala endandiyisebenzisa, emva koko yayiyi-XP kwaye apho ndandingenalo nqanaba lokuthelekisa kuba yayiluphuculo nje kuphela kunye nokuphuculwa, ke ndinamava okusuka ekuhlanganeni abafundi besayensi yekhompyuter abandifundisanga nto: v kodwa ndikwazile ukuchitha ixesha ndifunda kubo, basebenzise iDebian, kulapho ndafunda ukuba kukho ngaphezulu kwe-OS kwaye zisetyenziselwa ezinye izinto ndiqonda ukuba kumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo yiWindows kwaye ewe Ufuna iserver, usebenzise iLinux, kutheni beziqhelanisa kwaye beseta iiseva kwiLinux, kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ndikwi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, andiyiqonda ukuba isebenza kanjani yonke le nto, ndiye ndaqala ukuphanda kwaye ndafunda okuninzi malungaImbali yenkqubo yokusebenza yangoku kunye nemvelaphi yazo, emva koko ndadibana neMac OS kunye neLinux distros ezininzi ngelo xesha ndacinga ukuba i-BSD yiLinux: v kodwa ngoku ndinolwazi olubanzi malunga nolwakhiwo lwe-OS kunye ne-kernel yayo, nayo ulwimi C, njl, ndingumsebenzisi weLinux ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje ndisebenzisa iArchlinux ndiqale ukuyisebenzisa ukufunda kwaye ndiyayithanda, okwangoku ndikhuphela i-openBSD, kwinto endibona ukuba kulungile kakhulu ukuba ndisebenzise ikhowudi kwi indlela oyifunayo, nayo ezinzile kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ndiza kuyeka ukusebenzisa iArch Linux, nokuba ndiyeke ukusebenzisa iiwindows, njengeMac ndiyayithanda ukuze ibelula kwaye isebenze lula kusuku olunye ufunda Ukusebenza kwezixhobo, khankanya izibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga nganye nganye ayitsho ukuba umntu ubhetele kunenye, inceda nje umsebenzisi ukuba azikhethele ngokweemfuno zakhe, kutheni zonke ii-OS zineendlela ezahlukileyo kude kube namhlanje akukho kugqibeleleyo.
Yeyiphi impikiswano, zombini zilungile, zizinzile kwaye zinzima, phila ixesha elide yonke into enelifa elivela kwi-UNIX (ngaphandle kweMicrosoft);)
Jonga, andicingi okanye ndiphikise ukuba ngubani obhale eli nqaku, okanye ndimgwebe. Ndiza kuphawula ngamava am ndisebenzisa zombini * iintlobo * zeenkqubo: ukuba kunokwenzeka umntu akhubeke kule bhlog kwaye acwangcise ukuthumela i-rm kwiifestile, okanye azame ezinye iinkqubo.
I-Linux: sebenzisa iGentoo. Kulunge kakhulu, zombini umzobo kunye nokukhuphela kunye nokufaka. Kancinci ukuba ufake kunye nemiyalelo, kodwa ukuba uyakhuthaza okanye uyazi is syntax, yeyakho. Ewe, ndisayivavanya kwiVirtualBox, ke mhlawumbi ndingongeza enye into kwixa elizayo kuba andiyisebenzisi kakhulu kwaye ndingathanda "ukuyilinga" ngakumbi.
Arch… kakuhle, ngokokwazi kwam, iza kuphela nge-x64. Inqaku elibi: Kwakukho ixesha apho iprosesa yam yayiyi-x32 okanye i-x86, andisakhumbuli kakuhle. Ukukhaba kunye nokuphamba ukuze ukwazi ukukuvavanya kwiVB; konke oko kwakungamampunge. Kodwa njengeGentoo, intloko ebuhlungu ukuba ufuna ukuyifaka ngemiyalelo. Kungenxa yoko le nto, xa wawuthenge iprosesa enjalo, khange ndicinge ngokuyifaka. Imiyalelo iphantse yafana nakweyiphi na i-linux, kodwa njengoko benditshilo, khange ndiyisebenzise, ke ngoku ndiza kuzama ukuyivavanya.
I-Linux Mint: intle. Ilunge kakhulu kubasebenzisi abanjengam, abafuna into ethe kratya kwidesktop ngenxa yokuba andinguye umqokeleli, kungaphantsi kokuchitha iiyure ndichwetheza imiyalelo kunye nokuguqula iifayile ukuze inkqubo yenze umsebenzi ophakathi. Ndiyakhumbula ukuba ndinendawo yesoftware, okanye into efanayo, apho ndinokukhuphela khona iinkqubo abacebise ngazo kum. Iinkqubo ezilungileyo, ezahluka-hlukeneyo kubo, ndinokufaka i-.deb ngaphandle kwengxaki. Ukusebenza kakuhle, kuza ngeendlela ezimbini zokwakha. Inkangeleko entle yemizobo (kunye nemeko yokuzoba engagqibekanga). Ndingathi kuyacetyiswa kwabo bangajongi into enzima. Ndiyakholelwa, kodwa ukusukela namhlanje bayakulahla ngenxa yokunika uluvo lwakho ... phofu, andiyiniki into abangandigxeka ngayo, yiyo loo nto ndiyishiya.
Ubuntu:… ezinye iingxaki, ndicinga ukuba ndiyakhumbula. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba ndiyeke ukuyisebenzisa kungenxa yokuba ndifunde ngasemva, andazi ukuba kulapha okanye kwenye indawo. Kuya kufuneka ndiyikhangele.
Debian: kuhle. Nangona ungakuthandi ukujongana nemiyalelo, sebenzisa ngcono Ubuntu, iLinux Mint, okanye ubuyele kwiWindows. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Kulula kakhulu ukusetyenziswa komsebenzisi. Iza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha. Uzinzile kakhulu, nangona usika "uphuculo olufanelekileyo" ... lungiselela ukuqala kwakhona ufakelo. Ikwanazo neenkqubo ezininzi zazo zonke iintlobo. Olunye ulwazi malunga nofakelo: kulula kakhulu, kodwa andazi ukuba kutheni esi sihogo sisilela ngoku ndizama ukuyifaka kwiVB (ndinorhano, qhubeka ufunda kwaye uza kubona ukuba kutheni ndicinga ukuba ufakelo lusilele).
I-Red Hat: ebomini bam ndingasebenzisa enye inguqulelo eyayingeyoyokuqala kwiminyaka yokuqala. Ndicinga ukuba ivela xa ibizwa ngokuba yiRed Hat, ngoku ndicinga ukuba ibizwa ngokuba yiRHEL (iRed Hat Enterprise Linux). Andizukunika datha yam kwinkampani engandivumeli nokuba ndivavanye inkqubo ukuze ndibone ukuba injani.
ISolaris: efanayo neRed Hat. Nangona ndizamile ukukhuphela i-OpenSolaris, kodwa ibifana kakhulu.
Oracle: ungaze uyisebenzise, kuya kufuneka. Okanye uzame.
UMandriva: Andikhange ndiyisebenzise, andazi kangako.
vulaSUSE: nokuba, khange ndizame. Andazi ukuba ndiza kuyenza na.
Ngaphambili: Ndiyithandile xa ndakuva ukuba akukho sidingo sokukhuphela "ukukhutshwa" okanye nantoni na enjalo: inguqulelo enye okanye into enjalo, kodwa ndacinga malunga noku ndaza ndagqiba ukusebenzisa enye i-OS.
UManjaro: Ndicinga ukuba ndiyisebenzise kube kanye. Andikhumbuli kakhulu.
Ewe, zezo ndizikhumbulayo ezivela kwiLinux. Ngoku siya emanqatheni, kulukhuni kwaye kunzima: BSD-UnixLike.
I-HardenedBSD: gqiba inkunkuma. Khange ndikwazi ukulawula, emva kweeveki ezimbini ndisokola (kuba senditshilo ukuba andinguye umdwelisi weenkqubo okanye umqhekezi okanye enye yezi ngqondi) ukufaka neziseko. Ingena kuphela kwi-x64. Ayisebenzisi "i-pkg" njenge-FBSD, isebenzisa "i-pkg-static", endikhe ndayifunda kancinci (kwaye andazi ukuba iFreeBSD inolwazi oluninzi ngayo), kodwa ukuya kuthi ga apho ndingayisebenzisa khona, iyasebenza njenge-pkg yesiko. Ngelishwa, emva kokufumana isifakeli sayo sephakeji sisebenza, andikwazi nokufaka i-pkg, kuba ibindixelela ukuba kukho ilayibrari elahlekileyo okanye into enjalo. Kwiforum ye-FBSD bafuna ukundixelela ngayo, kuba yenye ye-OS, kodwa bandixelele ukuba ndizame ukuyifaka kwakhona; ukuba mhlawumbi yayiluphuculo olungakhange luzalise kakuhle. Mna dunno. Umlomo ongalunganga.
I-FreeBSD: imbi kwaye ilungile. Uthando nentiyo. Iingxaki nezisombululo, nangona ngamanye amaxesha ndingakhange ndizifumane. Ndine-DVD player kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku andinakuyenza isebenze kule nkqubo. Isebenzisa ifomathi yeUFS, ngokwento endiyaziyo. Uhlobo lwefomathi lungaqhelekanga kwaye alwaziwa kunolo ndilubonile kwiLinux. Ifomathi engenakulinganiswa kuyo yonke i-linux endiyizamile, nangona yayingekho ezininzi. Kunzima, ngamanye amaxesha akunakwenzeka, ukuphatha izinto ezithile. Kwaye ulibale ngokusebenzisa iinguqulelo ezindala: Ndifundile ngabasebenzisi abasasebenzisa iinguqulelo ngaphambi kwe-10. Bendingazi kwanto malunga noku kwaye ndizamile ukufaka i-10.2 kwi-pc yam, ukusilela. Ndizama ukufaka i-10.3, intlekele. Ndidikiwe kwaye ndikhangela i-11.1. Okokugqibela, kodwa kwiDVD kuphela. Ukusukela ngo-x okanye ngo-z, ihlala indinika impazamo xa ndizama ukuyifaka kwi-USB. Ewe, ungacingi ngokusebenzisa i-11.0: Ndifundile umsebenzisi oyekile ukusebenza izinto ezimbalwa okanye yonke le nkqubo, andikhumbuli kakuhle. Ukuba ungumkhohlisi, usisazinzulu sekhompyuter, unikwa ezi manias, okanye ufuna nje ukulwa njengam ndize ndibone ukuba kunjani kuwe, yifake. Inamazibuko, ngamanye amaxesha ayaphazamiseka kwaye ngamanye amaxesha awenzi. Unayo i-pkg, engeyonto imbi, kodwa ngethemba lokuba ngekhe baphinde bayitshintshe kungekudala njengoko yayinjalo nge "pkg_add" okanye "pkg_delete" Ndicinga, ngoku eyi "pkg" kwaye nantoni na ofuna ukuyenza. Ungayiqinisa inkqubo, unezixhobo zokwenza oko, ngokwe-lei. Unokwenza ngaphandle kwemeko yemizobo, phantse njengakwiLinux, kodwa kum ubuncinci, bekulula kancinci kum ukuphatha ngaphandle kweLinux. Kwaye andazi ukuba ndithini enye into: iphantse yafana neLinux, yahluke kakhulu. Ayisebenzisi inkqubo, ke ukuba awuyithandi okanye uyayicaphukela, ungasebenzisa olu hlobo lwe-OS, endicinga ukuba alusebenzisi (ndicinga ukuba lusebenzisa inkqubov; ndiyaxolisa andiyi I-hacker kwaye andinawo umdla wokulungiswa ngumoya ophakamileyo, ke ukuba ndiphosakele kwaye ufuna ukundenza ndibone, zama ukungazingci).
Okwangoku, ngaphandle kweefestile 7, xp, 98, 95, kunye nenkunkuma ye-vista yenkunkuma kunye ne-real mrd evela kwi-win 8 ne-8.1… zezo bendizisebenzisa. Indlela engentla, ke ukuba unenjongo yokuza kundihlasela ngesayensi yeekhompyuter okanye ngeempikiswano, sele ndikwazisa ukuba andizimiselanga kukuphendula. Okokuqala kuba andithethi nto apha. Enye into kukuba andizukuthetha ngento endingayaziyo. Kwaye okokugqibela, ngoba nokuba uyazi, ukuba uyazingca kwaye uphezulu ekusebenziseni le okanye le (njengabo bonke abalandeli abalungileyo), qala uzame ukuphuma kwinkqubo yakho yesiqhelo kwaye uzame ukusebenzisa into engakulumiyo.
Yenza ngathi kwiphepha elibiziweyo LinuxAdictos ungakhethi buso.
Kungekudala eyona nto intle malunga ne-bsd kukuba unokubaleka / ukulingisa i-linux. Wowu olu thelekiso luyahlekisa.
Ngethuba nje i-bsd ine-32-bit inkxaso, ayinamsebenzi, i-linux iyekile ukuba ngumzuzu wokungasebenzisi i-32-bit. Iibits azinazo nangona zisithi azisebenzi, ndisebenza ekuphuculeni inkqubo engama-64 kunye nokuphucula abaqhubi abakhupha ngaphandle kokujikeleza
Andiziva ndingathathi cala kwinqaku, iinkcukacha ze-BSD ezinje ngokuqina kweZFS, i-emulator yeLinux, amaxwebhu akwiFreeBSD Handbook okanye amazibuko amnandi awayekude ngaphambi kwe-AUR eArchlinux. Ezinye iiwebhusayithi ezinje https://programadorwebvalencia.com/bsd-vs-linux-en-escritorio/ , okanye amaxwebhu asemthethweni https://www.freebsd.org/doc/es/articles/explaining-bsd/comparing-bsd-and-linux.html Banika ulwazi olongezelelekileyo olubalulekileyo ekufuneka lungahoywa.
I-NomadBSD okanye i-GhostBSD kulula kakhulu ukuyifaka kunayo nayiphi na i-GNU / Linux, okanye i-OpenBSD, ukuba isifaki sayo siyamangalisa, kwaye awuyikhankanyi kwinqaku. I-NomadBSD inokuqhuba kwi-USB elula ngokuzingisa kwaye uneFreeBSD epheleleyo engadingi diski, okanye ukuba ukhetha ukuyifaka kamva kwi-hard disk.
Ukongeza, inqaku lichaza ubuxoki obuninzi endingabaziyo ukuba umbhali ulufumene phi, njengokuthi iFreeBSD iphuhlisiwe ivela kwi-MacOS X ¿??
Kwaye akathethi ngendlela ephelelwe lixesha kunye neyindinisa ngayo le nkqubo ye-SystemD kwaye kutheni usasazo ngakumbi nangakumbi lulinganisa iinkqubo ze-BSD kunye nokuphelisa i-SystemD boot, kuba imbi kakhulu. Ngapha koko, kukho ulwabiwo olusebenzisa isoftware yeGNU ngeKernel yeFreeBSD njengeDebian, umzekelo.
Eli nqaku alikhankanyi ukuba kukho abaphuhlisi abaninzi abasebenza kwi-BSD kunye neziganeko ezinje ngeHathathons kunaleyo yoluntu lwe-chupiguay lwabasebenzisi abatshintsha amaphephadonga, imixholo kunye neempawu kusasazo lweLinux konke abakwenzayo kukuxelisa iiWindows, endaweni yokuxhalaba malunga nokulunga ikhowudi, iluncedo kunye namaxwebhu ahlaziyiweyo, kunye nokubeka ukhuseleko kumbindi wenkqubo yokusebenza, njenge-OpenBSD.