Isakhelo senkqubo yefayile yeLinux senziwe njani? - Icandelo 1

Uninzi lwabafundi abathi ndisebenzise iWindows kwaye bafudukela kwiLinux, abazundiyeka ndixoke ngeloxesha Umbuzo wokuqala okanye ingxaki evelayo yile "ziphi iinkqubo ezigcinwe kwiLinux".

Ngokungafaniyo neWindows, iLinux yenziwe ngenkqubo yefayile eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo nengahambelaniyo, apha azikho iileta zokuqhuba ezifana "C: \. D: \, njl. ", Njengoko oku ingeyona mgangatho kulawulo lweFHS yeNkqubo yeFayile.

Le nkqubo ichaza ubume beenkqubo zefayile kwiLinux kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza kweUNIX. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yefayile yeLinux ikwaqulathe ezinye izikhombisi, kude kube ngoku azichazwanga ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

/ - isikhombisi seengcambu (ingcambu)

Yonke into kwinkqubo yakho yeLinux ikwisikhombisi, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisikhombisi sengcambu.

Olu lawulo Ingathi siyathetha ngo "C: \ kwiWindows" ngokuthetha, kodwa, oku akunjalo, kuba kwiLinux azikho iileta kumagama okuqhuba.

/ bin - iifayile zebhanari zomsebenzisi

Isikhokelo se / bin iqulethe ii-binaries zomsebenzisi (iinkqubo) ekufuneka zibekhona xa inkqubo isebenza kwimo yomsebenzisi omnye.

Kubalulekile ukuyazi loo nto akusekho zikhombisi zinakho okanye kufuneka zibekhona kule khowudi, apha Siza kufumana iifayile zokubini kuphela zeenkqubo, kunye namakhonkco azo okwahlulahlula anokucaciswa ngu "@".

/ boot - inkqubo yokuqalisa iifayile

Isikhokelo / se boot Inefayile ezifunekayo ukuqala inkqubo, umzekelo GRUB kunye neefayile zeKernel zigcinwe apha.

Singayichonga i-kernel yenkqubo njengefayile yomfanekiso ebizwa ngokuba yi-vmlinuz-version _ kernel) kufuneka ibekwe kolu lawulo okanye kulawulo lweengcambu.

/ cdrom indawo yentaba yeCD-ROM

Isikhokelo se / cdrom ayisiyonxalenye yenkqubo yefayile ye-FHS ngolu hlobo, kodwa isenokufumaneka kunikezelo olwahlukeneyo.

Olu lawulo yindawo yethutyana kwiCD / DVD drive yakho kwi khomputha yakho kwindlela yakho. Nangona kunjalo, indawo esemgangathweni yezixhobo zeendaba zexeshana / umkhombandlela weendaba

/ iifayile zeefayile.

I-Linux ibona izixhobo njengeefayile, kwaye / isikhombisi se-dev sineefayile ezikhethekileyo ezimele izixhobo. Ayizizo kanye ezi ntlobo zeefayile njengoko siqhele ukuzibona.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba izixhobo zinokubhloka okanye uphawu. Ngokwesiqhelo, izixhobo zebhloko zezi zigcina idatha kunye nezixhobo zomlinganiso ezihambisa idatha.

Ngokusisiseko apha sinokufumana amanqaku anyukayo ezinye izahlulelo okanye izixhobo ezixhumeke kwikhompyuter.

Ngokomzekelo / dev / sda yindawo yentaba yediski enzima isetyenziswayo kwaye ezinye izahlulelo zolu dweliso ziya kudweliswa ngendlela ezahlulahlula kuqala / dev / sda1, yesibini / dev / sda2 kwaye nangokunjalo.

Kwimeko yezinye iidiski, ukuqhuba kweepeni okanye izixhobo zokugcina ezixhunyiwe, siya kuzichonga njenge / dev / sdb, / dev / sdc njalo njalo.

Singakujonga oku kwisiphelo sendlela ngokwenza lo myalelo:

sudo fdisk -l

Ngelixa le fayile inxulumene nodidi lwe mouse PS / 2 i-será / dev / psaux.

/ njl - iifayile zoqwalaselo

Isikhokelo se / njl iqulethe iifayile zoqwalaselo ezinokuhlelwa ngesandla usebenzisa umhleli wokubhaliweyo.

Qaphela ukuba isikhombisi / njl. Njl siqulathe iifayile zenkqubo ebalulekileyo, zonke zilungelelwaniso, ezizifayile ezimileyo.

Iifayile ezinokuphunyezwa, iifayile ezingaphantsi kokubini, akufuneki zifumaneke apha.

/ ifolda yasekhaya yomsebenzisi

Ulawulo / lwasekhaya iqulethe iifolda zasekhaya zabo bonke abasebenzisi. Umzekelo, ukuba igama lomsebenzisi ngu "user1", baya kuba / home / user1 njengo lawulo lwasekhaya.

Le folda iqulethe iifayile zomsebenzisi kunye nedatha enxulumene nomsebenzisi, kunye neefayile zomsebenzisi kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.

Umsebenzisi ngamnye unokubhala kuphela ukufikelela kulawulo lwasekhaya, kunye nokuguqula ezinye iifayile kwinkqubo abaza kuyidinga ukuba babe neemvume zomsebenzisi omkhulu okanye abe yingcambu yomsebenzisi.

/ iilayibrari zenkqubo

Isikhokelo se / lib iqulethe amathala eencwadi afunwa zii-binaries ezifumaneka kwi / bin kunye / sbin izikhombisi.

Umahluko omnye kuphela, wokuba amathala eencwadi afunwa zizinto ezikwi / usr / bin ulawulo zikwisikhombisi se / usr / lib.