Ezona zisasazo ezili-10 ze-GNU / Linux zika-2021

Unikezelo olungcono lweLinux, eyona distros

Emva kokuba unyaka ushiywe ngasemva, kunokwenzeka ukuhlalutya ukuba yeyiphi na Olona lawulo lubalaseleyo lwe-GNU / Linux ngo-2021. Nangona, njengoko ndihlala ndigqabaza, ngumcimbi wokungcamla kwaye umsebenzisi ngamnye uziva ekhululekile, nantsi eyona ibalaseleyo ekuncedeni ukukhetha abangagqibekanga, okanye abasebenzisi abasandokufika kwihlabathi leLinux distros abangazi kakuhle. kutheni ukuqala eyiphi.

Yeyiphi eyona distro ibalaseleyo? (Imiqathango)

fumana

Akukho mntu ulungele wonke umntu. Eyona nto isasazwayo yeLinux yeyona uziva ukhululekile ngayo, nokuba yiGentoo, Arch, okanye Slackware. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kunzima kangakanani okanye kunqabile, ukuba uyayithanda, qhubeka. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abasebenzisi abangaqinisekanga okanye abatsha kwihlabathi leLinux, bafuna isikhokelo, ireferensi yokukhetha kuyo.

Kubasebenzisi abafuna iingcebiso kunye zivela kwezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza, ungawabona la manqaku:

Indlela yokukhetha i-distro elungileyo

Xa uthandabuza, kungcono ukuhlalutya iiparamitha ezithile okanye iimpawu zeLinux distros. I amanqaku amaninzi afanelekileyo apho kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo ukukhetha okona kulungileyo Zizo:

  • Ukomelela kunye nozinzoUkuba ujonge indlela yokusebenza oza kuyisebenzisa kwimveliso, ngokuqinisekileyo awufuni kuchitha ixesha ngeempazamo okanye iingxaki. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukukhetha eyona distros yomelele kwaye izinzile esebenza njengewotshi yaseSwitzerland. Eminye imizekelo emihle yiArch, Debian, Ubuntu, openSUSE, kunye neFedora.
  • Khu seleko: ukhuseleko alunakusilela, ngumba ophambili. Uninzi lweeLinux distros zihlonipha ubumfihlo bakho kakhulu kunezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza, kuba azixeli idatha yomsebenzisi, okanye zinike ukhetho lokungakwenzi oko. Nangona i-GNU / Linux iyisistim esisiseko ekhuselekileyo, ungayithembi, abaphuli-mthetho be-intanethi baya beqwalasela ngakumbi le nkqubo kwaye kukho i-malware eninzi eyichaphazelayo. Ke ngoko, ukuba uza kukhetha i-distro yenkampani okanye iseva, oku kufuneka kube ngummiselo ophambili. Ezinye ezifana ne-SUSE, RHEL, CentOS, njl. Kwaye uneeprojekthi ezithe ngqo ngakumbi ezijolise kukhuseleko njenge-Whonix, QubeOS, TAILS, njl.
  • Ukuhambelana kunye nenkxaso-I-Linux kernel ixhasa intaphane yezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-x86, i-ARM, i-RISC-V, njl. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke ii-distros ezibonelela ngale nkxaso ngokusemthethweni. Ke ngoko, ukuba uza kusebenzisa unikezelo kulwakhiwo olwahlukileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ufumanise ukuba banalo na inkxaso enjalo. Kwelinye icala, kukho umba wabaqhubi kunye nokuhambelana kwesoftware. Kwimeko apho, Ubuntu kunye ne-distros esekelwe kuyo "yindlovukazi", kuba kukho iipakethe ezininzi kunye nabaqhubi bayo (enye yezona zidumileyo).
  • Ipasile: Nangona iipakethe ezisemgangathweni kufuneka zibe yi-RPMs, njengoko kucacisiwe kwi-LBS, inyaniso kukuba ukuhanjiswa okudumileyo okufana no-Ubuntu kwenze ukuba i-DEB ibe phambili. Ngokufika kweepakethe zendalo yonke, ezinye iingxaki ziye zasonjululwa, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuba nesona sixa sikhulu sesoftware, nokuba ziiapps okanye imidlalo yevidiyo, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yiDEB kunye noBuntu.
  • Ukusetyenziswa: oku akuxhomekekanga kunikezelo ngokwalo, kodwa kwimeko-bume yedesktop, nakwamanye amalungu anjengomphathi wempahla, nokuba inezixhobo ezincedisa ulawulo ezifana nezo zibandakanyiweyo kwi Linux Mint, okanye YaST 2 kwi openSUSE / SUSE , njl. Nangona, ngokubanzi, unikezelo lwangoku luthanda ukuba lula kwaye lunobuhlobo, ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbalwa ...
  • Ukukhanya vs ubunzima: ezininzi ii-distros zanamhlanje zithande ukuba nzima, oko kukuthi, zifuna izixhobo ze-hardware ezingaphezulu okanye sele zixhasa kuphela i-64-bit. Endaweni yoko, kukho iimeko-bume zedesktop ezikhaphukhaphu ezinje nge KDE Plasma (e "yayicutha" kakhulu mva nje kwaye ayiseyiyo idesktop enzima ibiyiyo), LXDE, Xfce, njl. ukuhanjiswa okulula yenzelwe iikhompyuter ezindala okanye ezinoovimba abambalwa.
  • Eminye imiba: Enye into ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo kukhetho lwakho okanye izinto ozithandayo kwiinkqubo ezithile. Umzekelo:
    • SELinux (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL,…) vs AppArmor (Ubuntu, SUSE, openSUSE, Debian…)
    • systemd (ininzi) vs SysV init (Devuan, Void, Gentoo, Knoppix,…)
    • I-FHS (ininzi) vs abanye njengeGoboLinux.
    • njalo

Ngale nto ithethwayo, yiza yiya kuluhlu ihlaziywe kulo nyaka...

Eyona Linux distros 2021

Njengakwi Inqaku leyona distros ibalaseleyo ka-2020, kulo nyaka zikho nazo Iiprojekthi ezibonakalayo ukuze uyazi:

Debian

Debian 11.2

I-Debian yenye yezona zinto zindala zeLinux distros kwaye isebenza njengesiseko solunye unikezelo oluninzi olufana noBuntu. Ixesha lokuqala le-distro yakhululwa ngo-1993, kwaye ukususela ngoko iye yagcinwa uluntu olukhulu eziqhubeka nophuhliso lwazo ngokungapheziyo. Kwaye, nangona ekuqaleni yayiyi-eyesore eyenzelwe abasebenzisi abaphambili, kancinci kancinci iye yaba nobubele kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Olu lwabiwo ufumene ukuqondwa okuninzi, kwaye ithandwa kakhulu ngamagqala e-GNU / Linux. Iprojekthi ye-mega eyomeleleyo, ezinzileyo, nekhuselekileyo, enenani elingapheliyo leephakheji zesoftware ezikhoyo kunye nomphathi wephakheji esekwe kwi-DEB. Loo nto iyenza ibe lunikezelo olufanelekileyo kuzo zombini iidesktop kunye nabancedisi.

Khuphela idistro

Solus

Ukukhutshwa kokukhutshwa kweSolus OS

ISolus OS yenye iprojekthi enomdla eneLinux kernel. Oku kuya kuba phakathi kwezona zisasazo zilungileyo zika-2021. Iprojekthi yaqala nge-Evolve OS, kwaye kamva yaba yiSolus. Yaboniswa njengenkqubo yokusebenza yokusetyenziswa komntu, igxininise kwelo candelo ngokweepakethe oya kuzifumana kwiindawo zayo zokugcina, ukushiya ishishini okanye isofthiwe yeseva.

Ukukhutshwa kokuqala kweSolus kwenziwa ngo-2015, kwaye ngoku ithathwa njenge-distro efanelekileyo. izinzile kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Kwaye, njengezinye ii-distros ezininzi, ungakhetha iBudgie, GNOME, KDE Plasma, okanye imeko-bume yedesktop ye-MATE njengoko ukhetha.

Khuphela idistro

Zorin OS

IZorinOS

I-Zorin OS kufuneka ibekho kuluhlu lwezona distros zibalaseleyo. I-distro esekwe ku-Ubuntu kunye nemeko yedesktop ekulula ukuyisebenzisa kunye noomatshini abafanayo kwiMicrosoft Windows. Inyaniso, yenzelwe abaqalayo ukutshintsha ukusuka kwiWindows ukuya kwiLinux.

Le distro yasungulwa ngo-2009 yinkampani yaseDublin iZorin OS Inkampani, igcina enye imfihlo enkulu, ngaphezu kokukhuseleka, amandla, ukukhawuleza kunye nokuhlonipha ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi. Kwaye kukuba ivumela abasebenzisi sebenzisa isoftware yemveli yeWindows ngokucacileyo kumsebenzisi. Ukongeza, unokukhetha phakathi kweentlelo ezininzi, ezinje ngeCore kunye neLite, esimahla, kunye nePro, ehlawulwayo.

Khuphela idistro

Manjaro

UManjaro 2022-01-02

IArch Linux yenye yeyona distros idumileyo, kodwa wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ayisiyoyabasebenzisi abatsha kwiLinux. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iprojekthi IManjaro, esekwe kwiArch, kodwa ilula kwaye inobuhlobo ngakumbi kubasebenzisi abangafuni iingxaki ezininzi.

Olu lwabiwo luyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa i umphathi wepacman, njengeArch Linux, kwaye iza nendawo yedesktop ye-GNOME, phakathi kwabanye.

Khuphela idistro

Vula

kuvulwa

Ewe kunjalo, iprojekthi ye-openSUSE ayinakuphoswa kuluhlu lwezona zinto zisasazwayo zonyaka. Le yenye yeeprojekthi ezinoluntu olomeleleyo kunye nenkxaso yeenkampani ezifana ne-AMD kunye ne-SUSE. Ngaba i-distro emele ukomelela kwayo kwaye kuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kuzo zonke iintlobo zabasebenzisi.

Unokukhetha phakathi kweenketho ezimbini zokukhuphela:

  • Kwelinye icala unalo vulaSUSE Tumbleweed, eyi-distro elandela indlela yokukhupha yophuhliso, kunye nohlaziyo oluqhubekayo.
  • Enye vulaSUSE Leap, ejoliswe kubasebenzisi abaziingcali abafuna inkxaso yehardware yamva nje kunye neenguqulelo zamva nje. Ngaphaya koko, ilandela ingqikelelo ye-Jump, edibanisa i-openSUSE backports kunye ne-SUSE Linux Enterprise binaries.

Khuphela idistro

Fedora

Fedora 35

I-Fedora yi-distro ixhaswe nguRed Hat njengokuba usazi. Kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa kwaye izinzile. Inomphathi wephakheji ye-DNF, esekelwe kwiiphakheji ze-RPM. Ungafumana inani elikhulu leephakheji ezifakwe ngaphambili, kunye nezinye ezininzi ezipakishwe kule nkqubo.

Ixesha lokuqala lakhutshwa iFedora ngo-2003 kwaye ukusukela ngoko ibisoloko iphakathi kwezona zisasazo zibalaseleyo zonyaka ngamnye. Kwakhona, ukuba uyathanda 3D yoshicilelo, le distro yenye yeyona inenkxaso ilungileyo kuyo.

Khuphela idistro

isisekoOS

OS

Enye yezo distros leyo uwa eluthandweni ngeliso lenyama inkangeleko yayo graphic yi-OS yokuqala. Inkqubo yokusebenza esekelwe kwi-Ubuntu LTS kwaye iphuhliswe yi-Elementary Inc. Yenzelwe ukuba ibe nendawo ekhangelekayo efana ne-macOS, ngoko ingaba sisiqalo esihle kwabo bafika bevela kwi-Apple system.

Sebenzisa a imeko-bume yedesktop yesiko enegama elithi PantheonIyakhawuleza, ivulekile, ihlonipha ubumfihlo, ineepakethe ezininzi ezikhoyo, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye inobuhle. Kwaye, ewe, ibandakanya inkitha yezicelo ezifakwe ngaphambili ukuze ungaphoswa kwanto.

Khuphela idistro

I-MX Linux

I-MX Linux 19

I-MX Linux ikwajongwa njengenye yezona zisasazo zeLinux. Isekelwe kwi-Debian kwaye yakhululwa okokuqala kwi-2014. Ukususela ngoko, le projekthi ibangele intetho eninzi, phakathi kwezinye izinto. ukunika amava lula kubasebenzisi abaqalayo.

Yaqala njengeprojekthi phakathi koluntu lwe-MEPIS edityaniswe ne-antiX yophuhliso. Kwaye, phakathi kwezinto ezintle zale distro, uya kufumana ilula Izixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-GUI kulawulo olulula, njengesixhobo sokufakela imizobo esilula kakhulu, isixokelelwano somzobo sokutshintsha ikernel, isixhobo sokuthatha izifinyezo, njl.

Khuphela idistro

Ubuntu

Ubuntu 21.10 ngeGNOME 40

Ewe kunjalo, kuluhlu olunokuhanjiswa kweLinux ezilungileyo kakhulu akunakuze uphoswe, kuba iCanonical's distro enye yeentandokazi. Isekwe kwi-Debian, kodwa okoko yaqalayo le projekthi bagxile ekunikezeni i-distro elula kwaye esebenziseka lula. Inencasa ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo ezifana noBuntu (GNOME), Kubuntu (KDE Plasma), njl.

Inenye ezona zinyusi zehardware ezilungileyo, ukongeza ekubeni neyona nkxaso ilungileyo yesoftware, ukusukela ekubeni yenye yezona zidumileyo distros abaphuhlisi abaninzi kuphela ipakethe yayo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba nabasebenzisi abaninzi, kukho uluntu olusebenzayo kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukubuza imibuzo okanye ukusombulula iingxaki zakho.

Khuphela idistro

Linux mint

Xreader kwiLinux Mint

Okokugqibela, enye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zeLinux yiLinux Mint. Isekwe kwi-Ubuntu kunye ne-Debian, isimahla kwaye inikwe amandla luluntu olukhulu. Inenani elikhulu leephakheji ezikhoyo, ujongano lwayo kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye inobuninzi bezixhobo zayo zokuququzelela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo.

Ukususela ekusungulweni kwayo okokuqala ngo-2006, ayiyekanga ukuvela kunye nokuphucula. Kwaye kunjalo, unokukhetha kwakhona iimeko-bume zedesktop ezininzi.

Khuphela idistro


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  1.   UFernando Bautista sitsho

    I-Linux Mint yeyona nto isasazwa kakhulu kwaye iya kuba ngakumbi xa ingaxhomekekanga ku-Ubuntu kwaye ekugqibeleni bahamba ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-Debian, ndiyaqonda ukuba esi sisicwangciso yiyo loo nto i-LMDE ikhona.

    Okwangoku iFlatPak ngoyena mphathi wepakethe ungcono kakhulu kwi-Snap, ngokukhawuleza, usetyenziso olukhuselekileyo, ii-icon zedesktop azilahlekanga kwaye iinkqubo eziqhubeka nokusebenza ixesha elide kwaye zihlaziywa ngokukhawuleza kunye neenkcukacha ezenza iLinux Mint isasazeke ngokufanelekileyo kulo lonke uhlobo lweemeko, ngakumbi ezomntu. , ezemfundo kunye nezoshishino.

    https://linuxmint.com/

  2.   ana sitsho

    MX Linux (XFCE) !!!!!

  3.   UAntonio José Masiá sitsho

    Konke kulungile, ngoku, ngokoluvo lwam, eyona nto ingcono kakhulu ayikho, NixOS?

  4.   sisityebi sitsho

    ngencasa yam ingathi 1 linux mint 2 ubuntu 3 zorin os 4 pop os