Ziva Linux log mafaera

The operating system GNU / Linux pachayo inopa mikana yakawanda uye inochinjika pachayo, pasina kukosha kwekuwedzera. Asi mune dzakawanda zviitiko, vashandisi vanopedza kugona kwavo uye vanoshandisa mamwe maturusi ayo dzimwe nguva anowedzeredza mune mikana iyo iyo system yatove inopa natively. Zvakanaka, nhasi ticha taura nezve matanda, kunyangwe zvaizotora chinyorwa chinopfuura chimwe kupinda pasi rino nenzira yepamusoro, isu tichapa dzimwe pfungwa dzechokwadi uye kuti vangatibatsire sei padanho rehunyanzvi, chengetedzo, nezvimwe. .

Unogona kuvasvikira ne chete enda kune / var / log dhairekitori system, uye ipapo iwe unowana akateedzana anonakidza kwazvo madiki madhairekitori uye mafaera ane ruzivo rwakakosha kwazvo, kubva pazvikanganiso kuona nekugadzirisa matambudziko ehurongwa kana hofisi, kune rumwe ruzivo rwakadai sekuwana izvo system yako yaifanira kuona, semuenzaniso, vapambi vakapinda pasina mvumo yako. Muchokwadi, matanda aya anowanzo bviswa kana kushandurwa nevanorwisa kuti varege kusiya rekodhi kana nzira yekuwana kwavo.

Chii chatinogona kuwana mu / var / log? Zvakanaka, tinogona kuwana akateedzana ezvinyorwa zvidiki senge:

• / var / log / meseji: log yeyakajairika system mameseji.
• /var/log/auth.log: yekusimbisa log.
• /var/log/kern.log: kernel log, inobatsira zvikuru kuona matambudziko ekernel.
• /var/log/cron.log: crond chishandiso cherogi
• / var / log / maillog: email server danda.
• / var / log / qmail: Qmail danda.
• / var / log / httpd: Apache web server yekuwana uye yekukanganisa log
• / var / log / lightpd - Lighttpd kupinda uye kukanganisa log.
• /var/log/boot.log: system boot log, kana matambudziko akaitika pakutanga, ndipo patinofanira kuenda.
• /var/log/mysqld.log: log yeiyo MySQL dhatabhesi.
• / var / log / safe: yechokwadi dhigi, yakakosha kwazvo kuchengetedzeka, sezvo uchizokwanisa kuona izvo zvinoreva kusimbiswa kwesisitimu.
• / var / log / utmp kana / var / log / wtmp: log log.

SomuenzanisoKana iwe uchida kuziva kana mumwe munhu akave akavimbika muhurongwa, iwe unozokwanisa kuona mazuva uye nguva dzekupinda dzakaitwa kure neSSH kubva kunetiweki, chimwe chinhu icho vazhinji vanopokana vanoshandisa kana vakawana zita rako rekushandisa nephasiwedi. kupinda mukati mekombuta uri kure:

cd /var/log

grep sshd/var/log/auth.log | less

Nezve izvi unosefa zvikamu neSSH, asi unogona shandisa katsi kana mhariri yemavara kuti uone iro rakazara iro kana iwe uchida ...