Kunyangwe pfungwa yekugadzira zvisikwa izvo zvinoita zvinhu zvakangochengeterwa vanhu yagara inesu, yaingova muzana remakore rechiXNUMX iyo yaigona kutanga kuitika. Zviitiko zvakatevedzana zvakaitika muzana remakore rechiXNUMX nerechiXNUMX zvakasangana zvokuti pakati pekupera kwemakore makumi mana nekutanga kwema70s pakanga pane yatingati nguva yekutanga yegoridhe yeArtificial Intelligence.
Chokwadi, chinhu chekutanga kushinga kwandiri. Kunyange zvazvo vanyori vezvakaitika kare vachibvumirana kuti yakanga iri nguva yendarama, hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kana zvatiri kurarama iye zvino zviri zvechipiri.
nguva yekutanga yegoridhe
Kuti kutsvagisa kunoshamisa kweArtificial Intelligence kuitwe mushure mekupera kwehondo, nhevedzano yemamiriro akasangana. sezvatakaona muchinyorwa chakapfuura kubvira muzana remakore rapfuura pakanga pane nzira yaibvumira kufunga kwevanhu kuratidzwa nenzira yezviratidzo uye kuita basa nazvo.
Mabasa aTuring, Shannon navon Neuman nokuda kwavo, vakabvumira kuonekwa kwemakombiyuta anokwanisa kuita mirayiridzo yakaoma. Chete software yanga isipo.
neural network
Pakutanga, vatsvakurudzi vakaedza kugadzira hardware yaitevedzera maumbirwo ehuropi nezvikamu zvemagetsi zvinozadzisa basa retsinga. Kuti tinzwisise maitiro eizvi, kuongororwa kwemasvomhu kwakashandiswa.
Vatsvagiri vaviri, McCulloch naPitts, vakaburitsa bepa muna 1943 vachitsanangura kuti nzira dzinogona kugadzirwa sei kutevedzera maitiro ehuropi. Nhasi zvinozivikanwa kuti chikamu chemaitiro avo chaive chisina kunaka sezvo vaitenda kuti yaive neurons yega yaita sarudzo zvichibva paruzivo rwakawanikwa nemanzwiro uye nemhinduro dzakagadzirwa (Chaizvoizvo mamirioni azvo anodiwa kutaurirana) Vakapa ongororo yesvomhu chaiyo yekuti ruzivo rwunofambiswa sei pakati peeuroni.
Mupiro mukuru wakatevera wakauya muna 1949 kubva muruoko rwenyanzvi yefiziositi kubva kuyunivhesiti yeCanada. Donald O. Hebb akapa zano zano rekuti tsinga dzakabatana hadzichinjike. Pese patinodzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva, iyo neural chimiro chinoshanduka kugadzirisa icho ruzivo.. Tsananguro ndeyokuti kana neuron pakarepo inokonzera kushandiswa kweimwe, conductivity yayo inowedzera, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti mamwe ma activation aitike, achigadzira nzira itsva dzekubatanidza neuronal.
Kuchinja kune yechipiri nzira (Panzvimbo yekutevedzera kurongeka kwehuropi, tevedzera magadzirirwo ayo anobvumira kuti isvike pamhedzisiro.) Yakabva paruoko rwemurume anonzi Marvin Minsky.
Minsky aive murume wechokwadi weRenaissance aifarira dzidziso dzakasiyana seZoology neFizikisi kuburikidza nePsychology uye Mathematics. Aine vamwe vaongorori vaviri, akagadzira neural network inotevedzera nzira iyo gonzo rakadzidza kubuda kubva mumhasuru.
Akakurumidza kuona kuti kunyange zvazvo “gonzo” rakadzidza kubva mukukanganisa kwake akanga asingakwanisi kushandisa ruzivo rwake kudzivisa kuita zvitsva. Saka thesis yake yePhD mumasvomhu yaive pamaitiro ekuvaka mamwe akaomarara neural network inokwanisa kuronga kumberi.
Kuchinja kweparadigm kunoitika muna 1955 apo Minsky anosangana naRay Solomonoff uyo aishanda pane dzidziso yekubvisa deductive. Kubva mukutaura kwavo akatanga kufunga kuti aitevera nzira isiri iyo. Izvozvo Panzvimbo pekugadzira Hardware inotevedzera magadzirirwo ehuropi, zvaive zvakanaka kuedza kufunga kuti uropi hunoshanda sei uye huchishandure kuita zviratidzo uye hukama. iyo inogona kugadziriswa chero komputa.
Muna 1956, gumi vevatsvakurudzi (vanenge vose vari pamusoro penyaya) vakasangana mumusangano wemwedzi miviri. Mukuwedzera kuna Minsky, ambotaurwa Ray Solomonoff aivapo.
Solomonoff, zvinopesana nemafungiro mazhinji evamwe vake Akataura kuti kudzidza kugona kwemakombuta kugadzirisa matambudziko kunofanirwa kuitwa neakanyanya kuoma. sezvo izvi zvaizorerutsa kuongororwa kwemaitiro epfungwa anopindira.
Nokufamba kwenguva rakaratidza kuva zano rakanaka nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero.. Mabasa anoita uropi hwedu otomatiki, akadai sekuziva chiso kana kutyaira mota, akaoma zvikuru kubereka. muchimiro chepurogiramu yekombuta.