En kutumira kwedu Kare takambotaura kuti Simon, nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika yeSainzi pamwe nenyanzvi yefizikisi inonzi Newell uye nyanzvi yakashandura purogiramu inonzi Shaw vakatanga sei kuvaka chirongwa chekutanga chehungwaru chinonzi Logical Theorist. Izvi zvaida kugadzirwa yemutauro wekutanga wekuronga weArtificial Intelligence
Takanga tasiya nyaya iyi nevatatu pamwe chete nevabatsiri uye mhuri vachitevedzera maitiro ezvikamu zvakasiyana zvechirongwa tichishandisa vanhu nemakadhi akanyorwa nemaoko.
Mushure mekuenzanisa kwakati wandei seizvi, chirongwa chakaitwa pakombuta chaiyo. Muedzo wakabudirira se software yacho yakakwanisa kuratidza dzidziso makumi matatu nesere dzechimwe chezvitsauko zvebhuku rinonzi Principia Matemática rakanyorwa naRussell naWhitehead.. Kunyangwe mune imwe yezviitiko (uye pasina kuve nemirairo chaiyo yekuita kudaro) akawana nzira yekuiedza zvakanyanya "yakanakisa" kupfuura vanyori vebhuku.
Mutauro wekutanga wekugadzira weArtificial Intelligence
Nyaya yekuti Simon nechikwata chake vakatora nguva yakareba kunyora chirongwa chavo imhaka yekuti vaida mutauro chaiwo wepurogiramu waiva nesimba rakakwana uye kushanduka kwezvinangwa zvavo. Mutauro iwoyo wainzi IPL (Information Processing Mutauro) uye yakatanga kuunza rondedzero yekugadzirisa nzira yekuronga.
IPL yakanga yakasiyana nemitauro yepamusoro-soro yenguva iyoyo yaisada kuti zviratidzo zvitsanangurwe kare uye yaive nekwaniso yekubatanidza nekugadzirisa zvimiro zvechiratidzo.
Iyo inonzi list processing technique inosanganisira kuchengetedza chikamu chega chega cheruzivo pamwe chete negwara rekuti ungawana sei zvidimbu zveruzivo zvine chekuita nazvo. Nekushandura zviratidzo, masangano matsva anogona kuvakwa.
Iyo "General Problem Solver"
Kugadzira yavo inotevera software, Simon naNewell vakafunga kuyedza imwe nzira. Panguva iyoyo, kuongorora kwepfungwa kwaitenderera kwakakoka vatori vechikamu kuti vatsanangure zvinonzwika nzira iyo vakagadzirisa nayo matambudziko ane musoro. Vaviri ava vakaona kuti mafomu aya akange akasiyana zvachose neaya aishandiswa nesoftware yavo saka vakafunga kuita yavo yega yekuferefeta uye. gadzira software zvichienderana nenzira dzinotsanangurwa nevatori vechikamu. Chirongwa ichi (chinozivikanwa seGPS yeGeneral Problem Solver) chakanyorwa maererano nesangano reruzivo neruzivo rwezvekufembera rwakazvimirira pamabasa avakakumbirwa kuita.
Iyi nzira itsva yakagamuchira zita re "Means-to-Ends Analysis" uye inosanganisira enzanisa mamiriro ezvinhu aripo neakanaka uye tora zviito zvinoderedza mutsauko pakati pavo uye wozoongororazve kusvikira mutsauko waderedzwa kusvika zero.. Iyi nzira inobvumira chirongwa kuti chiite kune shanduko mumhando dzedambudziko. Iyo programmer inoratidza dambudziko uye inonzi mutsauko tafura umo makosi anogona kuitika anoratidzwa uye mumamiriro api avari.
GPS yakakwanisa kuputsa dambudziko kuita madiki uye kushandisa nzira yekudzosera kumashure, kureva kuti kana imwe nzira isingashande, aidzokera otevera imwe.
Mukati memakore 11 akanga achishanda, GPS yakagadzirisa mapuzzle, yakaita yekufananidzira kubatanidza, uye yakatyora zvakavanzika makodhi.
Apo Simon naNewell vakanga vachizvivaraidza neizvi, mumwe mudzidzi anonzi Robert K. Lindsay akagadzira chirongwa chaizivikanwa seSAD SAM. iyo yakapfava akakwanisa kutora ruzivo kubva mumitsara yemhando "Juan mwanakomana waPepa" uye "Juan ihama yaAlberto" uye kuvaka muti wemhuri wekudzidzisa kuti Alberto zvakare mwanakomana waPepa (handizive kuti aizoita sei nemhuri dzekurera dzenyika yanhasi.
Ehe, hofori yeindasitiri yemakomputa panguva iyoyo, IBM, yaisakwanisa kugara kunze kwekutsvagisa nezvehungwaru hwekugadzira, munda uyo pakati peCold War waitoratidza kugona kukuru kwekushandisa zvechiuto uye, muchinyorwa chinotevera isu. achataura nezvemipiro yake yokutanga mumunda.