Panhaurirano dzezvematongerwo enyika dzisina musoro dzandakararama nadzo, pasina kupokana chakaipisisa ndecheavo vanofunga kuti chinotaridza kuti sangano rinoshanda zvakanaka here kana kuti kwete inyaya yekuti rinotungamirirwa neHurumende here kana kuti nemakambani akazvimirira. Zvose hazvina musoro zvakaenzana nekuti vanhu vakaenzana (un) vanokwanisa muchikamu chimwechete mune chimwe chezviviri.
Chero zvazvingava, imwe neimwe yemhando ine mienzaniso yavo. Semuyenzaniso, marabhoritari eBell aifanira kutambura mapoka maviri evanhu vaizara muHurumende; vadhemagogi navarwi vehondo.
VaDemagogue, vanotora chigaro kuburikidza nevhoti yakakurumbira uye vanoita chero chinhu kuti vawane. Ndosaka vari kutsvaga budiriro inokurumidza uye yechinguvana yavanokwanisa kushandisa musarudzo dzinotevera. Varwi veCrusaders ndivo vashandi vehurumende vanogutsikana kuti kana vakasashandisa mitemo kune tsamba, nyika yekuMadokero neyechiKristu (inotsiviwa nehemisphere, chitendero kana filosofi yezvematongerwo enyika inowirirana) ichaparara zvisingadzoreki.
AT & T's foni monopoly, inoumbwa nekambani yevabereki, nhamba yevanopa nhare vepano, mugadziri wemidziyo yenhare (Western Electric), uye Bell Labs. kwenguva yakareba yakapa sevhisi yerunhare yakanaka kumamirioni evashandisi muUS nemutengo unonzwisisika. Vashandi vayo vakawana mihoro yakaenzana, uye tsvakiridzo yeBell Labs yakabatsira hutungamiriri hwenyika hwesainzi, tekinoroji, uye mauto.
Zvisinei, izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana kumadhemoni nevarwi vehondo dzechiKristu. Wokutanga aida kunyange mitengo yakaderera yokuzvinyoresa kwerunhare. Vekupedzisira vakashatirwa nekutadza kunyatso simbisa mutemo weantitrust.
Munhoroondo yayo yese, AT&T yakazvipira pazvinhu zvidiki. Yakarega kuramba ichitenga vanopa nhare uye yakaganhurira kutengeswa kwemidziyo yenhare kumusika wemuno chete.
Muna 1949 Dhipatimendi reJustice rakaenda neWestern Electric, mugadziri wemidziyo. Vaida kuti AT&T ikwikwidze mitengo nevamwe vakwikwidzi. Mhosva iyi yakagadziriswa makore akati gare gare nekupindira kwevakuru veMutungamiri Eisenhower uyo akaudza kambani rudzi rwedhiri rekupa. Uye apa ndipo pazvinotinakidza.
AT&T yaikwanisa kuchengetedza nharembozha chero bedzi bhizinesi rayo raingogumira kumasevhisi ekufambiswa kwemashoko pachena kana basa rechiuto. Nemamwe mashoko, yakasiya kupinda mukombuta kana musika wemagetsi evatengi. Pamusoro pezvo, yakabvuma kupa rezinesi marezinesi ayo azvino uye eramangwana eUS kune vese vanonyorera vekuUS, "pasina muganho panguva kana kushandiswa kwavanogona kupihwa."
Mune mamwe mazwi, AT&T haina kungozvivharira kubva kune mamwe misika iri kukurumidza kukura. Yakagonesawo kubuda kwevakwikwidzi vatsva mumusika wayo wechisikigo.
In the Nyaya yapfuura Ndakaudza kuti mari yekambani yakawedzera sei apo vakwikwidzi vatsva vakatyisidzira musika wayo unobatsira zvikuru. Iyo ine nhare dzepasirese. Kambani iyi yaida kutyora hurongwa hwerubatsiro rwekufona kwenzvimbo nekukwidza mitengo, asi vezvematongerwo enyika vachitungamirirwa nenhepfenyuro vakachema kudenga.. Yakanga iri nguva iyo varwi veDhipatimendi reJustice, vachitora mukana wekuvharirwa kwemagetsi kwakakonzerwa nekubviswa kwaRichard Nixon, vakaenda kunotora jackpot. Kuparara kwefoni monopoly.
Anenge makore gumi gare gare, apo pasina aifunga uye anenge pasina aida kuti kutongwa kubudirire, the AT&T yakabvuma kusiya vadyidzani vemunharaunda vachichinjana nekukwanisa kupinda mumusika wemakomputa uye kuchengetedza Western Electric neBell Labs. Aive neruzivo rwekuita, asi aive asina chimiro chekushambadzira. Vakwikwidzi vako vaive vabatsirwa neruzivo rwakagadzirwa kuBell Labs, dai vaive narwo. Zvisingashamisi, iyo computing adventure yakanga yakundikana.
Bell marabhoritari aichinja varidzi uye nhasi, madiki uye asina kukosha, ndezvaNokia.
Handizive kuti nharembozha muUS ichave nani kana kudhura. Chine chokwadi ndechekuti nyika haichina hutungamiriri hwetekinoroji hwayakange yawana muzana rapfuura.
Kwegore rinouya ndinokuvimbisa nhoroondo yeUnix. Makorokoto!
Bibliography
Ndakatanga kufarira AT&T neBell Labs pandakaverenga bhuku rekare raPeter Drucker rainzi Management. Mabasa, mabasa uye maitiro. Muzvitsauko zvakasiyana anotaura nezve basa raTheodore Vail kwete chete kugadzira iyo monopoly asiwo masangano anodzora. Izvo hazvioneke muAmazon Spain ine iro zita saka zvingangoita kuti rakaburitswa nerimwe zita.
Drucker ndiye aivewo sosi yezvikonzero uye nzira yekuparara. Anotsaurira chitsauko chose chebhuku rake panyaya yacho Miganhu yehutungamiri.
Bhuku raJon Gertner, Pfungwa Factory (Hakuratidziki kunge kune dudziro yechiSpanish) haingori kuratidza nenzira inonakidza nhoroondo yemarabhoritari kubva kwaakabva kusvika panguva yekuparara. Inoitawo ongororo inonakidza pamusoro pekuchinja kwemhando dzekuvandudza.
Hunhu hwaClaude Shannon hahukwane mubhuku rimwechete. Sony naGadner vanotaura kuti Claude Shannon akagadzira sei ruzivo rwezera mukati Pfungwa pakutamba. Nekuda kwake, Paul J Nahin anoferefeta pesvedzero yebasa raGeorge Boole uye pesvedzero yake paShannon mu. Iyo Logician uye Injiniya:
Zvakanaka takapotsa tasvika unix iyo nyaya yandinoda kuziva :) Ndafarira iyi prehistory yeunix yakandiyeuchidza zvakawanda zvebhuku iri https://framabook.org/histoiresetculturesdulibre/ Tinotenda nekuda kwezvinhu zvakadaro, zvinofanirwa kuyeuka nhoroondo yekombuta :)
Ndatenda nekutaura.
“Panhaurirano dzezvematongerwo enyika dzisina musoro dzandakasangana nadzo, hapana mubvunzo kuti chakaipisisa ndecheavo vanofunga kuti chinoona kuti sangano rinoshanda zvakanaka here kana kuti kwete inyaya yekuti rinotungamirirwa neHurumende here kana kuti nemakambani akazvimirira. Zvose hazvina musoro zvakaenzana nekuti vanhu vakaenzana (un) vanokwanisa muchikamu chimwechete mune chimwe chezviviri.
Pane musiyano mukuru pakati pekushanda kwesangano rinotungamirirwa neHurumende maererano nePrivate Sector. Izvi zvinouya nekuda kwehukuru, zvinokurudzira uye zvishuwo, sezvo huwandu husingazombofanana sezvo Hurumende iri sangano rinotonga nechisimba, zvinokurudzira uye zvido zvezvematongerwo enyika hazvina kuenzana nezvido zvehupfumi. Nokudaro, chero sangano rega rega rinowana rubatsiro rwehuwandu hweHurumende nevekupedzisira, richatambura neChinetso cheEconomic Calculation nekushaiwa unyanzvi, izvo zvinotungamirira kukukundikana kwehutungamiri.