Kuenzanisa Snap uye Flatpak. Zvakanakira nezvayakaipira

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuvhiringa vashandisi vatsva nhamba yemafomati ehurongwa aripo. Mhuri yega yega yekugovera ine yayo uye pasuru yakagadzirwa kune imwe yadzo haigone kushandiswa mune imwe, kunyangwe inotsigira yakafanana fomati. Kugadzirisa izvi, basa rakatanga pafomati yepasirese yezvikumbiro zvega, izvi ndezvekuti ivo vaisada mashandiro ehurongwa hwekushandisa.

Nenzira iyi, purogiramu inogona kuiswa pane chero kugovera uye inogona kuvandudzwa, kunyange kana iyo host operating system isingaiti. Ngatitaure nezve Snap uye Flatpak.

Ehe, sezvazvinowanzoitika munyika yakavhurika sosi, isu hatina kukwanisa kubvumirana pane yakajairwa fomati saka tine matatu kusvika parizvino. Ini pachangu handirambi chitarisiko chenguva yemberi.

Zvinokosha

Ngatitangei nekutaura kuti muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, pasuru uye chirongwa hazvisi masinonimi. Pakeji fomati imhando yefaira ine yakawedzera software uye metadata inodiwa kuti vatariri vepakeji vaise.. Zvirongwa zvinogona kunge zviri muchimiro chekodhi kodhi kana mafaera anogona kuitiswa uye pakati pemetadata pane zviratidzo nezve dhairekitori rekuisa pamwe nezita, nhamba yeshanduro, rezinesi uye mafaera ari chikamu chechirongwa.

Vese mbozha nhare uye vashandisi vepatablet vanoziva iyo pfungwa yechitoro cheapp. Ichi chirongwa chinotitendera kutsvaga, kuisa kana kuburitsa mamwe mapurogiramu pamidziyo yedu. Zvitoro zvekushandisa ishanduro yakagadziridzwa yeLinux distributions' package mamaneja.

Mamaneja emapakeji anotarisa mapurogiramu atinoda kuisa mune anonzi marepositori. Repositories ikero dzewebhu dzinotungamira kune imwe nzvimbo mukati mesevha kubva kune imwe chirongwa chinogona kutorwa.. Mukushaikwa kweInternet yekubatanidza, iyo yekumisikidza svikiro inogona kuita senge repository, asi iyo yekupihwa haizove yakakura kana kusvika-zvino.

Marepositori anowanzo kuunganidza zvirongwa nekwakabva (zvinowedzerwa nevagadziri vekugovera, vanozvipira mapato echitatu, kana masangano) kana nerezinesi (yemahara kana muridzi).

Sezvinongoita mugadziri wechero chigadzirwa haagadzirise zvikamu zvese kubva pakutanga, vanogadzira havaite zvakafanana nekodhi. Maraibhurari anopihwa nevagadziri vemutauro wechirongwa anoshandiswa (semuenzaniso, kugadzirisa mavhidhiyo), masisitimu ekugadzira iyo mushandisi interface, uye zvikumbiro kune inoshanda sisitimu yemabasa akadai sekudhinda. Paunenge uchiisa echinyakare mapakeji mafomati, maneja anotarisa kuti izvo zvechitatu-bato maturusi anodiwa kuti sarudzo yakasarudzwa ishande akaiswa kana anogona kuwanikwa kubva kumatura. Kana mhinduro kumubvunzo wechipiri iri hongu, izvi zvinotsamira zvichaiswa kutanga. Kana zvisina kudaro hazvizoiti kuenderera mberi nebasa.

Hutsva nemafomati maviri atiri kuongorora ndeekuti havadi chero pre-yakaiswa zvinotsamira sezvo zvese zvavanoda zvinouya mupakeji imwe ine application.

Kuenzanisa Snap uye Flatpak

Snap

Kana iwe ukaverenga chero chimwe chinyorwa nezvenyaya iyi, unenge wasangana nezvirevo zviviri zvinodzokororwa sekunyepa:

1. Flatpak iri nani pane Snap nekuti yakagadziriswa nenharaunda nepo Snap inotsigirwa nekambani imwe chete.
2. Kana iwe ukashandisa Snap unomanikidzwa kushandisa chitoro chepamutemo, nepo chero munhu anogona kubata Flatpak repository.

Zvakanakira kuverenga Linux Adictos ndeyekuti isu vapepeti tinotsvagei zvatinonyora pane kukopa/kunamira. Flatpak ine Red Hat zvigunwe zvigunwe pese pairi. Tichaona kubatanidzwa kwekambani mune chaiyo chikamu cheFlatpak.

Kana iri chirevo chechipiri, inhema nekuti chero sevha yewebhu inoshandisa Linux distro inogona kunge iri chitoro cheSnaps. yebvunzo dzidziso iyi kubva mugore ra2016.

Snap ndeye-cross-platform yekurongedza uye yekugovera sisitimu yakagadzirwa neCanonical, vagadziri veUbuntu, yeLinux chikuva. Inofambirana nekugovera kukuru kwakawanda.

Inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu:

• Snap: Aya ndiwo mapakeji anogadzirwa neSnap uye nekugovera. Aya mafaira akadzvanywa mu > SquashFS format uye akachengetwa pasi pe .snap extension. Imwe neimwe faira ine yakazara pasuru module, kusanganisira iyo application, inotsamira maraibhurari, uye inodiwa metadata.
• snapd: Icho chishandiso icho kumashure chinogadzira bhokisi rejecha umo ma snaps anourayiwa.
• snap shop: Icho chishandiso chinobvumira vanogadzira kushambadza uye vashandisi kurodha snaps. Mune kumwe kugoverwa kweLinux, iyo yechinyakare pasuru maneja inoita senge graphical interface yekubhurawuza nekurodha. Chitoro cheapp chakakamurwa kuita zviteshi zvinokutendera kuti usarudze shanduro yeapp uye kuwanda kwezvigadziriso.
• Snapcraft: Icho chishandiso chinobvumira kugadzirwa kwe snaps.

Kubatsira uye kusagadzikana

Kubva pane yekuvandudza maonero, Snap inopa mukana we kukwanisa kugovera zvakananga software yako pasina kuigadzirisa kune izvo zvega zvekugovera Linux kana kumirira vanogadzira kuti vaise muzvinyorwa.

Mushandisi ane mukana wekukurumidza kuwana kune shanduro akawanda emazuva ano ezvirongwa zvaunofarira pasina kumirira zvigadziriso pakugovera kwega kwega kana kusangana nenyaya dzekuenderana.

snap packets vane iyo yakazara sisitimu yemvumo saka zvinogoneka kugadzirisa ivo kuti vadyidzaneine sisitimu yekushandisa uye maapplication akaiswa nenzira yakajairika.

Snap's forte ndeye proprietary apps, kana izvo zvinosanganisira zvakabhadharwa maficha. Kune zvakare mitambo uye zvirongwa zveWindows zvinoshanda nekuda kweWaini, iyo inoenderana layer inoita sebhiriji pakati pavo neLinux kernel.

Muchikamu chezvisina kunaka ndiyo nguva yebhoti. Kunyangwe yakaderedzwa kubva kushanduro dzekutanga, maapplication ari musnap fomati anotora nguva yakareba kuti atange pane ayo akaisirwa kazhinji. Uye zvakare, nekubatanidza zvese zvinodiwa zvinotsamira, saizi yainogara yakakura.

Snap inogona kushandiswa padesktop application, maseva, uye Internet yezvinhu.

Flatpak

Iro zita reFlatpak rinoreva kurongedza kwakadzika kweIKEA fenicha. Alexander Larsson, uyo akagadzira chirongwa ichi mushure mekushanda kuRed Hat pane tekinoroji yemidziyo, ndiSwedish, saka zita haringorevi kurudzi rwemusiki waro asi kuda kuti iyi "kurongedza" yeLinux application iite shanduko seye IKEA yaive yefenicha.

Zita rekutanga raive xdg-app. Sezvisina kusimba sezvikonzero zvezita idzva zvinganzwika, ngatibvumei kuti zviri nani.

Nezve hukama neRed Hat, mu FAQ pachayo vanochengeta kujekesa kuti tekinoroji haina kuganhurirwa kuFedora (kugoverwa kwenharaunda kunotsigirwa neRed Hat) kana kuGNOME, zvichiratidza mune yekupedzisira kesi kuti vazhinji vanogadzira GNOME vakapinda mukusimudzira kweFlatpak. Fungidzira kuti vazhinji vanogadzira GNOME vanoshandira ani?

Sezvineiwo, ini handina chandinopokana neRed Hat, ivo vane hunyanzvi matekinoroji mamwe andinoshandisa, kusanganisira Flatpak. Ndinongoratidza izvozvo iyi packet format haina kuzvimiririra sokuda kutenda kwavamwe.

Asi chii chinonzi Flatpack?

Flatpak isystem yekugadzira, kugovera, uye kumhanyisa desktop desktop yeLinux kugovera uyen a Linux system sandbox

Mafungiro akakosha

• Flatpack application: aya ndiwo maapplication anoisirwa nemushandisi kuburikidza neflatpak command kana kuburikidza neyakasiyana mushandisi interface senge mapakeji maneja ekugoverwa kweLinux.
• Nguva: Yakabatanidzwa chikuva chekupa zvakakosha zvekushandisa zvinodiwa kuti Flatpak application ishande.
• BaseApp: Integrated mapuratifomu ekushandisa kuvaka masisitimu.
• Flat pack: Iyo fomati iyo application inotumirwa kunze kwenyika uye zvinodiwa zvekutanga zvekushandisa.

Kubatsira uye kusagadzikana

Flatpak inogovera zvimwe zvakanakira Snap, senge inokwanisa kuiswa yakazvimirira yekugovera, inosanganisira zvese zvinodiwa zvinoenderana nekushanda kwayo uye shanda yakazvimiririra kubva kune inoshanda sisitimu saka haina kusungirirwa kune mabugs ayo uye kuvandudza kutenderera.

Zvakanakira zviviri zvakasiyana ndezvekutie haidi ropafadzo dzemutungamiri pakuiswa uye zvavanodaidza kuti "Delta update" uko chete mods inovandudzwa. Izvi zvinoguma nekumhanya kwepamusoro.

Chero ani zvake anogona kubata yako Flatpak yekurodha sevhisi; kusvika zvino iyo yakanyanya kuperera kune vashandisi vekupedzisira ndeye Flathub. Iyo Linux Fedora kugovera zvakare ine yavo kwavano shandura echinyakare yekugovera mapakeji kune iyo nyowani fomati. Iyo GNOME desktop ngatiedze shanduro dzazvino dzemaapplication ako nekuadhawunirodha kubva kune ako uye zvakafanana yapfuura KDE.

Nezve kubatanidzwa nedesktop, fomati inovimbisa kubatanidzwa kwekuzvarwa kwemaLinux desktops makuru saka vashandisi vanogona kufamba nyore, kuisa, kumhanya, uye kushandisa Flatpak zvikumbiro kuburikidza nekwavo iripo desktop nharaunda uye zvishandiso. Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti Ubuntu Software Center haitsigire kuisa mapakeji mune iyi fomati.

Flatpak inoshandisa zvirinani dhisiki nzvimbo kubvira inobvumira kugovana maraibhurari pakati pezvikumbiro zvefomati imwechete. Simba reFlatpak fomati ndiyo assortment yeyakavhurika sosi zvikumbiro zvakagadziridzwa nenharaunda izvo isu tinogona kuyedza mune yavo yazvino vhezheni kare vasati vapinda mumatura.

Kubva kune vanogadzira maonero, iyo sisitimu yekuvandudzwa kwezvishandiso Gnome Builder inobvumira kugadzira iyo FlatPak nenzira ine graphical. Pamusoro pekuve nekutevedzana kwakafanotsanangurwa nguva dzekumhanya, kuchengetedza nguva mukugadzira maapplication.

Pakati pezvakashata (kuwedzera pakutora nzvimbo yakawanda yedhisiki pane zvechinyakare zvikumbiro) ndezvekuti s.vanogona kungoshandiswa padesktop uye kuti kusiyana neSnaps, maropafadzo haagone kugadziridzwa kudyidzana neasara sisitimu yekushandisa panguva yekuisa. Kana ichigona kuitwa nemugadziri panguva yekugadzira iyo package, uye nevashandisi mushure mekushandisa a chechitatu chikumbiro.