Iyo Linux faira system dhizaini inogadzirwa sei? - Chikamu 1

Vazhinji vevaverengi avo akauya kuzoshandisa Windows uye ivo vari kuenda kuLinux, havandibvumidze kunyepa ipapo Mubvunzo wekutanga kana dambudziko rinomuka nderekuti "aripi mapurogiramu akachengetwa muLinux".

Kusiyana neWindows, Linux inoumbwa neyakasiyana zvachose uye isina hukama faira system, pano hapana mavara ekutyaira akadai se "C: \. D:,, nezvimwe ”, sezvo ichi chisiri chiyero cheiyo FHS File System Hierarchy.

Iyi sisitimu inotsanangura chimiro chefaira masisitimu muLinux uye mamwe masisitimu anoshanda eUNIX. Nekudaro, iyo Linux faira system zvakare ine mamwe madhairekitori, ayo kusvikira zvino asina kutsanangurwa seinotevera.

/ - mudzi dhairekitori (mudzi)

Zvese zviri pane yako Linux system zviri mu / dhairekitori, inozivikanwa zvakare sedhairekodhi remidzi.

Dhairekitori iri zvinoita sekunge tiri kutaura nezve "C: \ muWindows" sekutaura, asi, izvi handizvo, nekuti muLinux hamuna mavara mumazita ekutyaira.

/ bin - mushandisi mabhinari mafaira

Iyo / bin dhairekitori iine mushandisi mabhaari (zvirongwa) izvo zvinofanirwa kuvapo kana sisitimu iri kushanda mune imwechete mushandisi modhi.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive izvozvo hapasisina madhairekitori anogona uye haafanire kuvapo mune dhairekitori iri, pano isu tinongowana chete mabhainari mafaera yezvirongwa, pamwe nehumwe hwekufananidzira hunogona kusiyaniswa ne "@".

/ bhutsu - system bhuti mafaera

Iyo / boot dhairekitori Iine mafaera anodikanwa kubhowa iyo system, semuenzaniso GRUB neKernel mafaera akachengetwa pano.

Iyo kernel yeiyo sisitimu inogona kuzivikanwa sefaira remufananidzo inonzi vmlinuz-vhezheni _ kernel) inofanira kunge iri mune ino dhairekitori kana mune dhairekitori remidzi.

/ cdrom mount point yeCD-ROM

Iyo / cdrom dhairekitori haisi chikamu cheiyo FHS fileystem zvakadaro, asi inogona kuwanikwa mune akasiyana magovano.

Dhairekitori iri inzvimbo yechinguvana yeCD / DVD drive yako kubva pakombuta yako pane yako system. Nekudaro, iyo yakajairwa nzvimbo yezvishoma midhiya midhiya ndeye / media dhairekitori

/ dev mafaira faira.

Linux inoona zvishandiso semafaira, uye iyo / dev dhairekitori ine akakosha mafaera anomiririra zvishandiso. Haisi chaiyo aya marudzi emafaira sezvatakambojaira kuvaona.

Zvakare, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti zvishandiso zvinogona kuvharika kana hunhu. Kazhinji, block zvishandiso ndeavo vanochengeta dhata uye hunhu zvishandiso zvinotamisa data.

Chaizvoizvo pano tinogona kuwana iyo inokwidziridza mapoinzi ezvimwe zvikamu kana zvishandiso zvakabatana nekombuta.

Somuenzaniso / dev / sda ndiyo nzvimbo yepamusoro ye hard disk iri kushandiswa uye zvimwe zvikamu zveizvi zvichanyorwa nenzira yekuti chikamu chekutanga chizove / dev / sda1, yechipiri / dev / sda2 zvichingoenda zvakadaro.

Panyaya yemamwe ma disks, peni dzinotyaira kana zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza zvakabatana, tichavaona se / dev / sdb, / dev / sdc zvichingodaro.

Tinogona kutarisa izvi kubva kuchiteshi nekuita rairo:

sudo fdisk -l

Ipo yeiyo faira inosanganisirwa nerudzi rwegonzo PS / 2 ichava / dev / psaux.

/ nezvimwe - mafaira ekugadzirisa

Iyo / nezvimwe dhairekitori ine yekumisikidza mafaera anogona kugadziridzwa manzwi uchishandisa chinyorwa chemavara.

Ziva kuti iyo / etc dhairekitori ine yakakosha system mafaera, iwo ese marongedzero, ari mafaira emira.

Anogoneka mafaera, ndoda mafaira mabhinari, haafanire kuwanikwa pano.

/ imba - dhairekitori repamba remushandisi

Iyo / dhairekitori repamba ine maforodha epamba evashandisi vese. Semuenzaniso, kana zita rako rekushandisa riri "mushandisi1", ipapo vanozove / imba / mushandisi1 senge dhairekitori repamba.

Iyi dhairekitori ine mafaira emushandisi uye data rine chekuita nemushandisi, pamwe nemafaira emushandisi uye zvaunofarira.

Mushandisi wega wega anonyora chete kuwana kune yavo dhairekitori repamba, uye kugadzirisa mamwe mafaera pasisitimu ivo vaizoda kuve nemvumo yepamusoro yemushandisi kana kuve mushandisi wemidzi.

/ lib system maraibhurari

Iyo / lib dhairekitori ine maraibhurari anodiwa nemabhinari ayo ari mu / bin uye / sbin madhairekitori.

Nemusiyano mumwe chete, kuti maraibhurari anodikanwa nemabhanari mu / usr / bin dhairekitori ari mu / usr / lib dhairekitori.