Makomputa makuru anodarika nekumhanya kwekuverenga kwemakomputa edesktop.
Gore rega rega mu Linux Adictos Isu tinoungira kuburitswa kwerondedzero yemakomputa makuru mazana mashanu pasirese. Uye mu chinyorwa chakapfuura Ndakakuudza nezveFrontier, iyo parizvino isiri chete kukurumidza pasirese asiwo iri kuita zvakanyanya pasirese.
Como zvinogara zvichinakidza kuziva kuti takasvika sei pano, ngatiendei nenhoroondo pfupi yemakomputa makuru.
Chii chinonzi supercomputer?
Chikwata chinokwanisa kuita maverengero akareba uye akaomarara nekumhanya kwakakura. Kuita kwesupercomputer kunowanzo kuyerwa mukuyangarara kwenzvimbo pasekondi (FLOPS) pane mamirioni emirairo pasekondi (MIPS).
Supercomputers anoshandiswa mumunda wakakura wezviitwa zvinoda kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemakomputa. senge quantum mechanics, kufembera kwemamiriro ekunze, tsvakiridzo yemamiriro ekunze, oiri negasi kuongorora, mamolecular modelling (kukombuta zvimiro uye zvimiro zvemusanganiswa wemakemikari, biological macromolecules, mapolima, uye makristasi), uye komputa-mhando yetioretical fizikisi simulations enguva dzekutanga. yezvakasikwa, aerodynamics yendege uye spacecraft, kuputika kwezvombo zvenyukireya uye nyukireya fusion. Zvakare mukugadzira uye kutyora nzira dzakachengeteka dzekunyorera.
Nhoroondo pfupi yemakomputa makuru
Muna 1956, chikwata paYunivhesiti yeManchester kuUK chakatanga kugadzira MUSE. Chinangwa chake chakanga chiri chokugadzira kombiyuta yaigona kushanda pamwero wokugadzira uri pedyo nemicrosecond imwe neimwe paraiyiro, ndiko kuti, mirayiridzo inenge mirioni pasekondi.” Nguva pfupi pashure pacho, zita rebasa racho rakachinjwa kunzi Atlas.
Yekutanga Atlas yakapihwa basa zviri pamutemo muna Zvita 7, 1962, uye yakaonekwa panguva yekuvhurwa kwayo kuve komputa ine simba kwazvo pasi rose. Iyo Atlas yakapayona kushandiswa kweiyo chaiyo ndangariro uye paging senzira yekuwedzera ndangariro yayo yekushanda nekubatanidza ayo 16 mazwi ehukuru ndangariro uye mamwe 384 mazwi. yechipiri bhatiri ndangariro.
Komputa yekutanga yakabva kukambani yakazvimiririra yakabva kukambani yakavambwa muna 1957 neboka revanjiniya vekombuta, kusanganisira Seymour Cray, uyo akazove mumwe wevanhu vane mukurumbira muindasitiri iyi. Kambani iyi yainzi Control Data Corporation ndokugadzira komputa inonzi CDC 6000 iyo yakagadzirwa nemazana mana ezviuru zve transistors, zana remamaira ewaya, inovandudza kutonhora sisitimu uye rekodhi komputa simba renguva ye3 megaFLOPS.. Komputa iyi yakaonekwa muna 1964
Chakavanzika chekumhanya kweCDC 6600 chaive mukati kugona kwayo kugovera basa nemaperipherals inobvumira iyo CPU kuti ive yakatsaurirwa chete kukugadzirisa data. Mutauro wekuronga waive FORTRAN.
Muna 1968, Cray yakagadzira CDC 7600 iyo yakawanawo zita rekombuta inomhanya kwazvo pasi rose.. Kumhanya pa36 MHz, iyo 7600 yaive ne3,6 nguva yekumhanyisa wachi ye6600, asi haina kubudirira mune zvekutengesa sezvaitarisirwa. uye Cray akasiya CDC muna 1972 kuti agadzire kambani yake.
Pasina kubatanidzwa kwako, CDC yakagadzira iyo STAR-100 ine sipidhi ye100 megaFLOPS, inopeta katatu kumhanya kweyakaitangira. uye akashandisa inonzi inonzi vector processing, kureva kuti, CPU yakagadzirirwa kuita akawanda masvomhu masvomhu panguva imwe chete.
Atova mukambani yake, Seymour Cray akabudisa mhando nhatu
- CRAY-1: Yakatangira kubva ku1976 uye yaive imwe yemakomputa ekutanga kushandisa maseketi akabatanidzwa uye akashanda nekumhanya kwe160 megaFLOPS.
- CRAY X-MP: Yakaonekwa muna 1982 ichiwedzera 4 processors uye yakawanda memory bandwidth kune yakapfuura modhi. Kukwanisa kwayo kuverenga ndeye 800 megaFLOPS.
- CRAY-2: Iyi komputa ya1985 yaive nekutonhora kwemvura uye kumhanya kwekuverenga kwe1,9 gigaFLOPS.
Kufanana nemamwe mapiyona akawanda, Cray akatadza kuona shanduko yeparadigm uye kambani yake yakamhan'ara kubhuroka muna 1995. Zvichakadaro, vakwikwidzi vayo vakambundira iyo yazvino modhi yeparallel komputa umo basa rakakamurwa pakati pema processor maviri kana anopfuura ane basa rekurigadzirisa panguva imwe chete.