Anofara makore makumi maviri nemasere "Linux"

Nyamavhuvhu 25, 1991, mushure memwedzi mishanu yekukura mudzidzi anonzi "Linus Torvalds" uyo panguva iyoyo aive nemakore makumi maviri nerimwe ekuberekwa akaita kuti zvizivikanwe kuti aivaka prototype inoshanda ye itsva yekushandisa system, iyo iko kutama kwe bash 1.08 uye gcc 1.40 kwainge kwapera.

Zvakatora mazuva akati wandei kuti vhezheni yerudzi rwemberi isunungurwe Linux yakaburitswa munaGunyana 17. Iyo 0.0.1 kernel yakatsikirirwa kusvika 62 KB uye yaive nemazana gumi emirara mitsara yekodhi kodhi (nepo iyo kernel yazvino ine anopfuura mamirioni makumi maviri nemasere emitsetse yekodhi).

Iyo Linux kernel yakafemerwa neiyo MINIX inoshanda sisitimu, izvo Linus aisada nerezinesi rake rakaganhurirwa. Gare gare, apo Linux yakava yakakurumbira chirongwa, ivo naysayers vakaedza kupomera Linus mhosva yekuteedzera zvakananga kodhi yemamwe masisitimu eMINIX.

Kurwiswa kwakadzoserwa nemunyori weMINIX, Andrew Tanenbaum, uyo akatuma mudzidzi kuti aenzanise zvakadzama kodhi yeMinix neyekutanga yeruzhinji shanduro dzeLinux. Mhedzisiro yekudzidza yakaratidza kuvapo kwemana chete asina kukodzera kodhi block mechi inowirirana nekuda kwePOSIX uye ANSI C zvinodiwa.

Linus pakutanga akafunga kudaidza iyo tsanga "Freax" yemahara, isinganzwisisike uye X (Unix), asi mhodzi yakatumidzwa kuti "Linux" neruoko rwakareruka rwaAri Lemmke, uyo, pakukumbirwa naLinus, akaisa kernel pane yunivhesiti FTP server, achitumidza dhairekitori nefaira kwete "freax", sekukumbira kwaTorvalds, asi "linux".

Sezvineiwo, William Della Croce (muzvinabhizimusi) akakwanisa kunyoresa chiratidzo cheLinux uye aida kutora mari yemubhadharo nekufamba kwenguva, asi akazochinja pfungwa ndokuendesa kodzero dzese kuchiratidzo kuna Linus.

Iyo mascot yepamutemo yeLinux kernel, iyo Tux penguin, yakasarudzwa kuburikidza nemakwikwi akaitwa muna 1996. Zita rekuti Tux rinomirira Torvalds UniX.

Nezve iyo nhoroondo yeiyo kernelIdzi ndidzo shanduro dzakanyanya kukosha munhoroondo yeLinux:

• Kubva munaGunyana 1991 - Linux 0.0.1: Ndiyo yekutanga vhezheni vhezheni iyo inongotsigira i386 CPU uye bhutsu kubva kufloppy disk
• Kubva muna Ndira 1992 - Linux 0.12: kodhi yakatanga kugoverwa pasi peGPLv2 rezinesi;
• Kubva munaKurume 1992 - Linux 0.95- Yakapihwa kugona kumhanyisa iyo X Window System, rutsigiro rweyechokwadi ndangariro, uye kupatsanura chinjana
  Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993: basa rakatanga pane network stack. Iyo Ext2 faira system yakaunzwa, rutsigiro rweELF fomati fomati yakawedzerwa, madhiraivha emakadhi enzwi uye vatongi veSCSI vakaunzwa.
  Muna 1992 kugoverwa kwekutanga kweSLS neYggdrasil kwakaonekwa. Muzhizha ra1993, iyo Slackware neDebian mapurojekiti akavambwa.
• Kubva munaKurume 1994 - Linux 1.0: ndiyo yekutanga yakagadzika vhezheni.
• Kubva munaKurume 1995 - Linux 1.2- ine kuwedzera kwakakura muhuwandu hwevatyairi, rutsigiro rweAlpha, MIPS uye mapuratifomu ePSARC, kuwedzera kweanogona kuita network
• Chikumi 1996 - Linux 2.0- Inosvika ine rutsigiro rwemahrocessor masisitimu.
• Muna Kurume 1997: Nheyo yeLKML, iyo Linux kernel vanogadzira tsamba yekutumira.
• Mu 1998: Kuvhurwa kweyekutanga Linux cluster yakavakirwa paTop500, ine makumi matanhatu neshanu nemaAlpha CPUs.
• Kubva muna Ndira 1999 - Linux 2.2: yatove neyakawedzera kushanda zvakanaka ndangariro manejimendi manejimendi, yakawedzera rutsigiro rwe IPv6, yaisa firewall nyowani, yakaunza nyowani ruzha subsystem;
• Kubva muna Kukadzi 2001 - Linux 2.6- Tsigiro ye8-processor 64GB RAM masisitimu, Ext3 faira system, USB, ACPI rutsigiro.
• Kubva munaZvita 2003 - Linux 2.6: inouya neSELinux rutsigiro, otomatiki kernel tuning maturusi, sysfs, yakagadziridzwa memory memory manejimendi;
• Muna 2005, iyo Xen hypervisor yakaunzwa, ichiunza munguva yehunyanzvi.
• MunaGunyana 2008, yekutanga vhezheni yeiyo Android chikuva inoenderana neLinux kernel yakaumbwa.
• Chikunguru 2011 - kupera kwebazi 2.6.x: Mushure memazana gumi emakore ekuvandudza kwe 10.x bazi, shanduko kuenda ku2.6x kuverenga yakaitwa. Huwandu hwezvinhu zviri muGit repository hwasvika mamirioni maviri.
• Muna 2015 - Linux 4.0- yakaburitswa, huwandu hwezvinhu zvegit munzvimbo yekuchengetera hwasvika mamirioni mana.
• Kubva muna Ndira 2019 - Linux 5.0: Iyo yekuchengetera yasvika padanho re 6,5 miriyoni git zvinhu.
• MunaAugust 2020 - Linux 5.8: Yaive iri hombe maererano nenhamba yekushandurwa kwemeso ese panguva yehupenyu hwese hweprojekti.