Una pombi kana pombie iri chaizvo pombi inowanikwa yeUNIX / Linux uye inoshanda kwazvo. Asi kuti unzwisise zvizere kuti pombi chii, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti mune * nix nharaunda ine 3 yakavakirwa-mukati hova dhata. Izvo, kune avo vasingazive, zvinoreva kuti iyo data inogona kufamba kuenda kana kubva kumatatu matatu.
Ipapo uchanzwisisa izvi neimwe nzira iri nani, asi chandiri kuda kujekesa kwauri ikozvino ndechekuti nepombi iwe chaunogona kuita chiteshi kubva kune imwe yemapoinzi ichienda kune vamwe. Izvi zvinobvumidza kutora chinobuda kana mhedzisiro iyo chirongwa chinokanda chakanangana nekuisa kweimwe kuti iye iye ashandise, nezvimwe. Ini ndichaedza kuzvitsanangura nemimwe mienzaniso inoshanda iyo ichakubatsira iwe kuti unzwisise kwazvo.
Iwo mapoinzi andaitaura nezvayo kana hova dhata, nde:
- stdin: Inoenderana ne0 uye ndiyo yakajairwa yekuisa. Kazhinji, iyo yakajairwa yekuisa ye * nix system ndiyo keyboard. Ndokunge, zvaunonyora ichave iyo ruzivo rwashandiswa. Iye ane chakakosha chishandiso chakabatana nacho icho chiri / dev / stdin.
- stdout: inozivikanwa ne1, ndiyo yakajairwa kuburitsa. Kazhinji inoenderana necomputer kana skrini yekomputa yako, ndipo paunogona kuona ruzivo. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchimhanya iyo ls raira iyo runyorwa rwezviri mukati runoratidzwa pachiratidziri, handiti? Iyo inosanganiswa chishandiso iri / dev / stdout.
- stderr: inozivikanwa ne2, ndiyo yakajairwa kukanganisa kuburitsa, nekuti kana kukanganisa kukaitika muchirongwa. Iyo inosanganiswa chishandiso iri / dev / stderr.
Nepombi iwe unogona kuita iyo yakajairwa kuburitsa kana stdout yemumwe kuraira kupfuura zvakananga kune yakajairwa yekuisa yeimwe. Ndokunge, iwe unogona kugadzira imwe chirongwa kufudza imwe. Panzvimbo pekushandisa keyboard yakapinda parameter, pombi inopa ruzivo rwunogadzirwa neyakare rairo kuburikidza neiyi pombi inomiririrwa ne |
Con iyo mienzaniso iwe uchazvinzwisisa zvirinani. Ngatiti iwe unoda kunyora zvirimo mudhairekitori, asi iwe unongofarira chete kuona mazita anoenderana neshoko rekuti doc. Saka iwe unogona kushandisa pombi kupa pombi kuburitsa kwe ls mune yekuisa yeiyo grep firita kuti uiudze iyo kuti iratidze chete inowirirana neiyo pateni:
ls -l | grep doc
Saka panzvimbo pekukuratidza mazita ese, zvinongokuratidza izvo zvinonyanya kufarira iwe. Iwe unogona kuita zvakafanana nezviri mukati mefaira. Fungidzira kuti iwe unongoda chete kuona iyo ruzivo rwemaitiro anodanwa firefox uye kwete ese:
ps aux | grep firefox
Panzvimbo pekuratidza kuburitsa kwese ps chirongwa pachiratidziri (stdout), zvazvinoita kuiendesa kune yekuisa yeiyo grep firita uye inongoratidzira mune zvinobuda zvinoenderana neiyo firefox pateni mune ino kesi ...
Kana iwe uchida, iwe unogona kushandisa mapaipi akasiyana siyana kuunza kuburitswa kwemumwe mutemo kune kuiswa kweumwe wechipiri kuraira, uye kuburitswa kweyechipiri kune kuiswa kwechetatu, zvichingodaro. Semuyenzaniso:
cat libro | grep love | more
Sezvauri kuona, mikana yakawanda, zvese zvaunogona kufungidzira uye zvinotenderwa. Kunyange ratidza chete ekutanga uye ekupedzisira mitsara yefaira, verenga mitsara inopinda wc iyo inouya kubva pane iyo runyorwa, uye kunyange kuitisa:
cat listado | head cat listado | tail cat listado | wc -l cat listado | sort
Iwe unogona zvakare kushanda ne zvikanganiso ne | & uye semuenzaniso tarisa izwi rekuzivisa mune zvinoburitsa script kana ikakundikana:
./miscript |& grep alerta
Uye pakupedzisira, pane mirairo miviri yakabatana zvakanyanya nemapombi ari tee uye xargs uye kuti ivo vanokwanisa kuwedzera kuwedzera mukana weizvi. Panyaya ye tee, izvo zvinobvumidza kuratidza mhedzisiro yechirongwa chakapfuura pane chakaburitswa chakabuda kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuchiona, uye kuwedzera kune icho, chinogona kuchipopota kune imwe faira. Muenzaniso ungave kana iwe ukanyora zvirimo mudhairekitori uye uchida kuona kuburitswa kwe ls -l panguva ino uyezve nekuchengetwa mune yefaira zvinyorwa.
ls -l | tee listado.txt
Ukasashandisa tee, hauzokwanise kuona zvinobuda paconsole yako ...
Y xargs zvinotonyanya kufadza mune dzimwe nguva. Mune ino kesi inokwanisa kuvaka rairo kubva kune yakajairwa yekuisa iyo yainogamuchira kuburikidza nepombi. Mune mamwe mazwi, inokwanisa kutora zvese izvo chirongwa chekare chakaburitsa kuburikidza nezvinobuda uye icho chinosvika kuma xargs kuburikidza nepombi kuti chipfuure kune mumwe kuraira sekupokana.
Kunyange zvakadaro usazviwana? Iwe uchazviona zvirinani nemuenzaniso. Fungidzira iwe uchida kubvisa zvese zvakashata zvigunwe.db mafaera kubva kudhairekitori, diski, kana chikamu. Kana paine akawanda, zvingave zvisingaite kuenda rimwe nerimwe neiyo rm yekuraira kuti udzibvise nemaoko. Asi nema xargs unogona kugadzirisa zvese. Uye iwe unogona kuzviita uchishandisa tsvaga kuti uzviwane, tumira zvakaburitswa kuburikidza nekuisa kwema xargs uye izvi zvichizopa rm mazita sekupokana. Naizvozvo, zvese zviripo zvinodzimwa otomatiki:
find ./ -name "thumbs.db" | xargs rm
Semuenzaniso, ngatitii tsvaga nzvimbo /home/name/thumbs.db, /media/test/thumbs.db, uye /tmp/thumbs.db. Zvakanaka, xargs iri kuzovaendesa ku rm sekunge vaive nharo. Ndokunge, sekunge tanga tauraya: rm /home/name/thumbs.db, wobva rm /media/test/thumbs.db uyezve rm /tmp/thumbs.db.
Zvakanaka, ruzivo urwu rwakakosha kwazvo kwatiri isu vashandisi ve linux
Icho chinyorwa chakanaka, izvozvi izvo zvandiri kudzidza I / O redirection mune Iyo Linux Command Line bhuku. Zviri pachena kwandiri nezve mapaipi (Pipeline) uye iyo mitatu data hova. Mupiro unokosheswa. Kwaziso.
Muenzaniso nema xargs wakandikodzera segirovhosi. Chaizvoizvo nhasi ndanga ndichibata nedudziro iya yekubuda kwakawanda kwandaifanirwa kutumira "muzvikamu." xargs akafamba pinturita.
Super akaonga!