Maitiro ekuisa Linux pane SSD

Kana iwe uchirangarira makore mashoma apfuura, paakatanga kutengeswa yekutanga SATA yakaoma dhiraivha uye mashandiro acho aisanganisira madhiraivha kana madhiraivha eiri rudzi rwechimiro, kuisa iyo sisitimu yekushandisa pane imwe yeaya madhiraivha akaomarara zvaitonetsa kupfuura paDIE kana PATA madhiraivha akaomarara. Muzviitiko izvi, apo sisitimu payakaiswa, mutyairi wekuwedzera aifanira kuiswa padhiropu dhisiki kana midhiya yekunze kuitira kuti iyo yekuisa system igone dhisiki rakaomarara raizoisirwa OS.

Izvozvowo zvaive zvechokwadi kune SCSI madhiraivha akaomarara, kunyange izvi zvaive zvisinganyanyo kufarirwa mumakomputa epamba kare, sezvo zvaive zvakadhura. Muchiitiko ichocho, maitiro akafanana akateverwa, achiwedzera mamwe madhiraivha. Zvese izvi zvakashanduka apo masisitimu anoshanda akatanga kusvika natively anosanganisira vatongi veSATA sezvavakaita IDE / PATA uye hapana mamwe matanho aifanira kuitwa.

Asi ikozvino, isu takasangana nedambudziko rakafanana pakuisa iyo nyowani yakasimba mamiriro yakaoma dhiraivha kana SSD mune anoshanda masisitimu. Ini handisi kutaura nezve avo SSD yakaoma dhiraivha ine SATA interface, mune iyo kesi hapana dambudziko kana tiri kushandisa izvozvi SSOOs. Kune rimwe divi, kana tikashandisa imwe "exotic" interface isinga tsigirwe natively parizvino, isu tichafanirwa kuwedzera rudzi urwu rwekuwedzera madhiraivha kana tichiisa sisitimu inoshanda pakombuta yedu, kana zvikasadaro inozoziva chengetedzo svikiro.

Zvakanaka, kana iwe uchida kuziva maitiro ekuenderera mberi gadza yako yaunofarira GNU / Linux distro Mune ese aya marudzi eakasimba mamiriro akaomarara anotyaira ane akasiyana maficha, pano tinokuratidza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive, sezvo iri nyaya iri kutanga kunetsekana uye ichadaro zvakanyanya kana padiki padiki rudzi urwu rwekutyaira kwakaoma kutanga. kupararira nemusika. Nekudaro, ini ndinofanirwa kudzivirira kuburitsa alarm, nekuti aya madhiraivha achaitwa natively mushanduro nyowani

Chii chandinofanira kuziva zvisati zvaitika?

Ramba uchifunga kuti mune ino gwaro, ini ndinopa maitiro angave anoshanda kune mazhinji ezviitiko kana iko kugovera kwati kurei uye usaite zvinodiwa nemutyairi mhando kune iyi mhando yekutyaira kwakaoma kana ndangariro. Asi iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti mushanduro nyowani, panofanirwa kunge pasina dambudziko hombe nazvo uye unogona kuisa pasina dambudziko rakawandisa ...

Ndinokurudzira kuti utange waedza na maitiro akajairwa, uye kana uine matambudziko, ita zvinotevera zvinotevera sezvakakodzera ... Kana usati watenga hard drive, heino sarudzo yeiyo yakanakisa SSD saka unogona kusarudza iyo inonyatsoenderana nezvido zvako.

Panyaya yekuiswa kweWindows, zvinoita sekunge mune dzimwe nguva vatyairi vanofanirwa kutakurwa kubva kune imwe bvisika svikiro kubva kune inoisa, apo zvikamu zvichaitwa, nekuti mune dzimwe nguva hard disk rinogona kunge risingawanikwe (bere Ziva kuti kana iwe uine Windows 10 yekuisa DVD, haigadziridzwe ...). Asi paLinux, sevatyairi vari kuitwa nekuburitswa kernel nyowani, izvi hazvidiwe. Naizvozvo, paLinux ndakatarisa zvakanyanya pane maitiro, ndiko kuti, Chii chatiri kutadza kuitira kuti chisashande kana chichifanira kushanda?

Isa GNU / Linux pane Intel Optane:

Intel Optane chaizvo zvinomhanyisa SSD yako, kunyangwe ichigona zvakare kushandiswa senzvimbo yekuchengetera uye huviri uhwu ndiyo inogona kupa dambudziko, zvinoenderana nezvatinoda kushandisa muLinux ... Ndokunge, mune yekutanga kesi zvingave bhafa iyo yakaiswa pakombuta pakati peiyo huru SSD kana HDD uye chikuru ndangariro. Izvi zvinobvumira iyo data inodiwa kuti itakurwe mune ino buffer uye inogona kuwanikwa nekukurumidza zvakanyanya. Nezve izvi ndinozviburitsa pachena kuti yedu distro, musimboti, hatizofanirwe kuiisa paIntel Octant, asi pane yepakati yekuchengetera yatinayo, ingava SATA, kana imwe yeinotevera yatinoratidza muzvikamu zvinotevera.

Mune mamwe mazwi, Optane angave mhando yekurangarira DRAM, senge huru kana RAM, chete kuti haina kugadzikana, ichibvumira ruzivo kuti ruchengetwe zvachose pasina kudzimwa kuitira kuti rimire kuendesa ndangariro sezvazvinoitika ne RAM. Asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti haina kujeka kana uchiisa sisitimu inoshanda uye isu tinogona kupinda mumatambudziko kana tichiedza kuisa yedu distro zvakazvimiririra kana mune mbiri mbiri neWindows ...

Kuti zvese zvishande nemazvo, unofanirwa kuve nemutyairi weIntel Optane uye zvakare kernel yazvino inotsigira Intel Rapid Storage Technology kana Intel RST. Naizvozvo, paisazove nedambudziko uye iwe waizoenderera senguva dzose. Ikozvino, izvi hazvisati zvanyatsogadzirira uye madhiraivhu zvazvino haasati anyatso kunatswa uye haasvike kune ese ma distros, nekuti pakutanga yaingoenderana chete neWindows. Saka kana uine distro isingatsigire parizvino uye kana ukazviwana uri kugadzirira kumisikidza nyowani uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichi isingashande nemazvo, unogona dzinga Intel Optane mune yako BIOS / UEFI. Zvayo:

1. Kuwanikwa BIOS / UEFI (kazhinji nekudzvanya iyo Delete kiyi pakutanga, kana mamwe makiyi senge F2, F3, ... zvinoenderana nechiratidzo)
2. Tarisa mumatebhu emenu eiyo AHCI uye Intel RST sarudzo
3. Disables Intel RST / Optane uye shanduko kuAHCI.
4. Paunenge iwe uchidaro, tinya F10 uye chengetedza shanduko usati wabuda, kana scroll to iyo Save & Exit tebhu uye chengetedza uye buda menyu kubva ipapo.
5. Iye zvino muchina unodzokororazve neiyi gadziriso, uye kana uchinge uri mumwe weavo echinyakare distros asina kukutendera kuona hard drive Nekuda kwaOpane, ikozvino ichaiona.

Parizvino, inogona kushandiswa nemhando yacho ZFS, asi ndinofunga izvi zvichachinja nekufamba kwenguva… Ndokumbira utarise kuti Intel Optane haisi tekinoroji yeveruzhinji, asi yakawanda yekushandisa bhizinesi. Saka unogona kunge usiri kunyanya kunetseka nezvazvo.

Kana iwe uri kuyedza kuisa chero kupatsanura Taura se / bhutsu muIntel Octane uye haishande, kunyangwe musimboti distro yako inoitsigira, ona bhuku reyako mamaboard. Kune mamwe ane akati wandei slots erudzi urwu rweSSD asi ivo vanokwanisa chete kubhutsira kubva kune imwe. Tarisa uone kuti iri mune yakakodzera slot iyo yako mamaboard inobvumidza kuti ishandise senge bhuti repakati. Imwe sarudzo ndeyekumisikidza / bhutsu pane imwe hard drive uye pane iyo SSD chinzvimbo / imba kana chero chaunoda. Uye kunyange shandisa LVM kana iwe usina nzvimbo yakakwana yekuwedzera kugona kwayo kupfuura ... 

Nenzira iyi, isu hatifanire kunge tine zvinetso zvachose. Nenzira, zvishoma nezvishoma Optane iri kusvika pamusoro peWindows, uye iyo distros ichaenderana. Iwe unotoziva kuti SUSE yanga iri imwe yekutanga kuzivisa kutsigira kwayo chibvumirano neIntel yeSLES, uye iwe unotoziva kuti aya marudzi evatyairi ariwo chikamu cheiyo kernel, saka hapana chinovatadzisa kushandiswa mune vamwe .. .

Isa GNU / Linux pane M.2 SSD:

Isa yako Linux kugovera pane M.2 SSD Icho chinenge chisina kunetsekana pane muOptane, nekuti mune ino kesi ndangariro yakave yakakurumbira kune maPC emarudzi ese, kusanganisira aya atinoshandisa kumba. Rudzi rwe hard drive rwakafanana neSATA SSD, chete chinongedzo kana tekinoroji yekubatanidza yakashandiswa inosiyana, uye nekudaro kumhanyisa dhata kumhanyisa uye kuita.

Rangarira kuti M.2 fomu fomu, uye aya madhiraivha akaomarara anogona kunge ari ese SATA neNVMe. Panyaya yekuve SATA, panofanirwa kunge pasina dambudziko rakakura kupfuura rinowanzoitika HDD kana SSD, asi kana vari NVMe vanogona kuunza mamwe matambudziko.

Nekudaro, vamwe vashandisi vakasangana nazvo dema skrini kana matambudziko pavanotora kubva kuM.2 SSD pavanenge vagadzirira iyo / bhuti kugovera kana iyo bootloader pane iyi mhando yekuchengetedza mudziyo. Kuti uzvigadzirise, unogona kuverenga nhanho idzi:

1-Kufunga kuti uri kuzviita muEFI modhi:

Kana iwe uri kuisa iyo system mu UEFI modhi, uye kwete neyechinyakare kana Nhaka BIOS, unogona kuedza zvinotevera:

1. Tarisa uone kuti iwe unogovana nemazvo, senge iwo 100 MiB yeEFI kupatsanura muFAT fomati uye kuti iwe une chaiyo yekukwirisa poindi. Iwe unogona kushandisa iyo yekumisikidza yega kupatsanura system kana GParted yeiyi. Rangarira kuti iyo UEFI chikamu inofanira kuva yekutanga.
2. Kana iwe kernel iripo uye nhanho imwe iri OK, haufanire kunge uine dambudziko kushandisa M.2.

2-Kufunga kuti uri kuzviita muBIOS kana Nhaka (CSM):

1. Gadzira chikamu cheinenge 1024 KiB pakutanga kweiyo hard drive uye ucherechedze se BIOS Boot Chikamu. Unogona kushandisa maturusi akasiyana eizvi, sezvandambotaura, senge cgdisk, kana izvo zvataurwa pamusoro.
2. Enderera zvakajairika nemamwe ese mashandiro uye inofanira kushanda nemazvo kana kernel iine akakodzera madhiraivha ekutsigira Nenzira, kana chiri chigadzirwa chitsva chaunowedzera kune system kana kuti watove nayo GRUB yakaiswa, uchafanira kuisazve.

Kana pasina icho chakashanda uye iwe uchine matambudziko, enda kuchikamu chiri NVMe...

Isa GNU / Linux pane PCI Express SSD:

Iwe unofanirwa kugona kubhowa kana kuisa sisitimu pane hard drive PCIe SSD Hapana dambudziko. Asi kana ukamhanyisa mune chero kusagadzikana, unogona kuedza izvi:

• Ita shuwa kuti iwe BIOS / UEFI (firmware) inogamuchira kubhowa kwemhando idzi dzekutyaira. Nehurombo havazi vese vanoita, kunyangwe kana vari vechizvino-zvino vanofanirwa kutakura.
• Tarisa kana iyo system iri kubhowa (kana kuyedza) yakananga kubva kune imwe SATA hard drive iripo mune ino sisitimu pane iyo nePCIe disk. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, inogona kunge ichingova nyaya yekufambisa iyo pamberi boot mune iyo MOTO menyu yeBIOS / UEFI yako kuti itore iyo PCIe kutanga ...
• Gadziridza GRUB zvakare nemurairo sudo grup-kugadzirisa.
• Edza kushandisa imwe FS kana faira system, sezvo imwe SSD firmware isingawanzo tsigira ext4 nemazvo. Edza imwe kana kuverenga bhuku rako reSSD kuti uone kuti ndeapi mafomati ainotsigira.

Isa GNU / Linux pane NVMe SSD:

Munyaya ye NVMe, Chingave chinhu chakafanana chaizvo nezvandataura muchikamu M.2, asi kana pasina icho chakakushandira uye uchine matambudziko, kunyangwe isu tisingafanirwe kana ari madistros emazuva ano, unogona zvakare kuteedzera aya mamwe matanho ekuwedzera. Kugadzirisa matambudziko iwayo:

1. Tarisa kuti yako BIOS / UEFI iri kushandisa RAID kumisikidza pane AHCI nesarudzo ye Yakachengeteka Boot akaremara. Dzimwe sarudzo senge Quick Boot dzinogona zvakare kupokana… Buda uye chengetedza shanduko.
2. Neiyo yekuisa midhiya yakagadzirira, tanga iyo yekumisikidza Zvakajairika. Ini ndinodzokorora, izvi ndichifungidzira kuti kernel yako inotsigira urwu rudzi rwehunyanzvi uye haisi yekare distro ...
3. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinoratidzika zvakare kuti vamwe vashandisi vaifanira kumisa sarudzo mu GRUB. Mukati mekugadziriswa kwayo, mumutsara panowanikwa izvi, ivo vakawedzera sarudzo nvme_load = YES uye nvd_load = YES, uyezve ivo vakagadzirisa GRUB. Kana iri tambo yekumisikidza, inofanira kutaridzika yakafanana ne:
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT = »kunyarara kupaza nvme_load = YES nvd_load = YES»

Neiyi diki gadziriso inofanirwa kushanda uye kwete kukonzera matambudziko. Kana iwe ukashandisa chero SSD yemhando iyi, iwe unogona kuisa iyo EFI partition, / bhutsu, / SWAP, uye / pane iyo SSD uye / pamba pane yekuchengetedza svikiro senge HDD kana imwe SSD yekudzika kumhanya iwe unayo mukombuta. ... Nenzira, unoziva kuti iyi mhando yedhisiki inoonekwa se / dev / nvme (nvme0n1, nvme0n1p1, ...) pachirongwa, uye kwete senge zvakajairwa / dev / sda kana / dev / sdb, nezvimwe.

Generic mhinduro:

Ndinoomerera zvakare kuti kana tikashandisa mugove wakakurumbira, uine kernel yakagadziridzwa uye isu tine madhiraivha akakodzera, SSD yemhando ipi neipi haifanire kunge iri dambudziko kuLinux. Nekudaro, yakanyanya kunaka sarudzo yekurwa nemhando dzedambudziko ndedze kuyedza kuisa yazvino vhezheni yeyaunofarira distro Kana komputa yako iine SSD zvinoreva kuti inofanira kunge iri komputa yazvino, saka hapana chikonzero chakawanda chekushandisa dhara rekare ...

Ndinovimba zvave zvichikubatsira. Usakanganwa kusiya yako inotsanangura...