Kukosha kweGNU

Ngatishandisei chirevo chakakurumbira kubva kunaSimps chakamboenderana nenyaya "Munhu wese anoti, Linux iyi, Linux iyo, asi hapana anoti, tiri kuzoshandira HURD, tichadzivirira rusununguko rwevashandisi"

GNU (GNU haisi Unix, inodzokorodza chirevo) ndiyo mhinduro inogadzirwa neshanduko ego yaSanta Ignatius anozivikanwa zviri nani se Richard Stallman sezvo nenzira iyoyo isu vanhu venyama taigona kukoshesa nzvimbo yaro, nenzira inofa uye inozivikanwa (kumagumo ejee)

Kana iwe uchifarira kutsvaga mukati mezvikonzero zvekugadzirwa kwayo uye nezvinangwa zvayo, unogona kubvunza iyo GNU manifesto pane iyo GNU webhusaiti webhusaiti zvirokwazvo, muchiSpanish.

Imwe nhoroondo inokurumidza

Kudzoka muma80s, makambani akatanga kushandisa yakavharwa kodhi kodhi mune zvigadzirwa zvavo, Richard wedu akabatwa nekushamisika neprinta kwaaida kuisa basa rekutanga risingawanikwe kubva kufekitori uye paakada kukumbira kodhi vakairamba kubva kudzimbahwe redziviriro yayo.

Tichifunga izvi, pachinzvimbo chekugara nemaoko ake akayambuka zvinesimba nenyika yakaunzwa pamberi pake, akafunga kutungamira huzivi izvo zvaakasarudza kudaidza «Free software«, Gadzira iyo Mahara Software Foundation (FSF) uye nekudziridza rakateedzana maturusi ayo anozopedzisira ave hwaro hwe inoshanda sisitimu inonzi GNU Nekudaro, zvaive zvakaoma kugadzira Kernel (iyo yavaidaidza kuti HURD) yaive ichishanda zvizere, Linux yakasvika pano ndokuzadza iyo nzvimbo, zvisinei HURD inoenderera mberi mukuvandudza uye yatovepo kuti iongororwe seDebian HURD. Saka isu tine yedu yeupenyu hwese Linux iri chaiyo GNU inoshanda sisitimu neLinux Kernel, uyezve isu tinowanawo Linux izvo zvisiri GNU sezvazviri neApple.

Chinhu chakanyanya kukosha apa uzivi huri shure kwazvo, rusununguko rwune; pano pane musimboti we zvatinoziva nhasi seGNU / Linux, mazhinji ekuronga mitauro, zvirongwa, mitambo, mavhidhiyo enjini, uye nezvimwe.

Iko 4 Rusununguko rweMahara Nyoro

Sezvo iwe uchigona kuverenga pane iyo GNU webhusaiti ine zvemukati zvakare yakasununguka kuti ifambiswe (zvikasadaro zvingave zvichinyanya kushamisa) iwo mana rusununguko ari (Akateedzerwa pamwechete sekuda kwaStallman):

• Iko rusununguko rwekumhanyisa chirongwa sekuda, kune chero chinangwa (rusununguko 0).
• Iko rusununguko rwekufunda mashandiro echirongwa ichi, uye nekuchichinja kuti uite zvaunoda (rusununguko 1). Kuwana kodhi yekodhi mamiriro anodikanwa eizvi.
• Iko kusununguka kugovera patsva makopi kubatsira vamwe (rusununguko 2).
• Iko rusununguko rwekugovera makopi eshanduro dzayo akachinjwa kune mapato echitatu (rusununguko 3). Izvi zvinokutendera iwe kuti upe nharaunda yese mukana wekubatsirwa kubva mukugadziriswa. Kuwana kodhi yekodhi mamiriro anodikanwa eizvi.

Pano tinoona izvozvo yakavhurwa sosi haisi chaiyo yemahara software, asi isu tichataura nezvazvo mune imwe nyaya.

Iko kusununguka kwe4 kunotibata sei? 

Wakamboshandisa Python, WordPress, Ruby, C, C ++, Apache? Pamwe iwe unofarira kugadzira mitambo paGotot Injini? Unoita graphic inoshanda neGIMP, Krita kana Ink Scape? Multimedia kugadzirisa neBlender kana Audacity?

Iyo rezinesi yakagadzirwa neFSF inonzi GPL (GNU Ruzhinji Rezinesi) harina kushandiswa chete kune ayo mapurojekiti, akawanda mamwe akadai seaya ataurwa pamusoro vamwe akafukidzwa neiri rezinesi kana zvakafanana, ndosaka zviri nyore kwazvo kuwana kodhi yekodhi yeKernel se Linux.

Kana gadzira mamodule, masystem uye zvakafanana nemitauro yakadai sePython, Ruby kana PHP, kunyangwe ichifanira kutarisirwa mupfungwa kuti Kusununguka hazvireve kusununguka, hongu unogona kushambadzira Mahara software, muchokwadi Stallman pachake anoikurudzira, mapurojekiti mazhinji akawana mari kunyangwe munguva dzekukurumidzira kwaanotyisidzirwa nematambudziko ezviuru zveeuro sezvatinogona kuona ichi chinyorwa Neraki, yaive nemhedzisiro inofadza uye Krita akawana mupiro wechikwereti chose uye nezvimwe zvakawanda, izvo zvavaishandisa kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwechirongwa ichi, chiitiko icho chatinacho kwechinguva.

Kunyangwe maturusi mazhinji asina kupihwa marezinesi pasi peGPL, iyo FSF inoongororwa zvakanyanya uye ine pano Rondedzero yemalayisensi anoenderana neyako inowanikwa.

Rangarira kana iwe ukashandisa GNU / Linux ipe iyo kuzivikanwa inokodzera GNU, nekuda kwekuti iri yemahara inoshanda sisitimu nenzvimbo hombe uye zvirongwa kumashure kwayo.

Izvo ndezve izvozvi, kana iwe uchida chidimbu che software uye uchida kuti "maita basa" hapana imwe nzira iri nani pane yekupa mupiro kwavari kana kana iwe uchikoshesa basa reiyo FSF ipawo, iwe uchafadza Stallman :)