In the Nyaya yapfuura takanga tataura izvozvo Pfungwa yekugadzira maturusi anoita zvinhu zvakachengeterwa vanhu yanga inesu kubvira kare. Takataurawo kuti, kutozosvikira pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, zvigadzirwa zvose zvakanga zvakaganhurirwa pakutevedzera maitiro chaiwo avanhu nemhuka.
Artificial intelligence inotsvaga kugadzira michina inoita mabasa anoda kugona kufunga uye, kunyange zvazvo muchina weTuring (wakazonzi universal Turing muchina apo kushandiswa kwawo kwakawedzerwa) wakanga wakaganhurirwa pakutevera mirairo, wakateya nheyo dzedzidziso dzokusikwa kwemakombiyuta ekutanga emagetsi.
mutambo wekutevedzera
Mupiro wechipiri waTuring kumunda weArtificial Intelligence waiva muedzo wake wakakurumbira. Nepo vazhinji vakasimbirira kuti zvaisaita kuti muchina uite kufunga kana kuita mabasa ekugadzira, nyanzvi yemasvomhu yakasarudza kuongorora zvingangoitika zvefungidziro.
Munguva dzeVictorian paive nevaraidzo yainzi "The Imitation Game" maive mubvunzo wekufungidzira bonde remunhu nemhinduro dzemibvunzo yaibvunzwa. Mushanduro yaTuring, vanobvunzurudza vanotaurirana nezviri kune rimwe divi kuburikidza nekhibhodi uye skrini. Havazivi kuti anovapindura munhu here kana kuti muchina. Kana mushure mechinguva avo vanobvunza mibvunzo vasingakwanisi kuziva kuti vari kutaura nemichina, saka tinogona kutaura kuti inokwanisa kufunga.
Kubva padzidziso kuenda kune Hardware
Mune imwe nhevedzano yezvinyorwa zvandakatokuudzai Nyaya yaClaude Shannon, munhu ane mipiro inofanira kumuisa pachiyero naNewton kana Einstein. Kana Turing akafungidzira muchina waikwanisa kutevedzera mirairo, Shannon ndiye akataura kuti aiite sei kuti ikurumidze uye ishande.
Pazera remakore makumi maviri nemaviri, Shannon akapinzwa basa semushandisi weDifferential Analyzer, muchina uyo, uchishandisa musanganiswa wezvikamu zveanalog uye electromechanical relays, wakagadzirisa equations. Nokufamba kwenguva akaratidza kuti zvaikwanisika kuita zvimwe chetezvo nekungotumirana, nhevedzano yemaswichi akabatana ayo aigona kubatidza nekudzima. Mabasa emasvomhu anogona kurongwa zvinoenderana nemagadzirirwo akaitwa ma switch.
Sezvo switch ichingobvuma zvinzvimbo zviviri zvakabatidzwa kana kudzima (1 kana 0), zvishandiso zvitsva zvaifanira kutora binary arithmetic.
Gare gare marelay aizotsiviwa ne vacuum tubes kutanga uye transistors uye microprocessors gare gare.
Pakapera hondo yechipiri paive nemichina yakati wandei yaimhanya pamazano aTuring naShannon uye vese vaive nedambudziko rimwe chete. Kana iwe waida kuti muchina uite chimwe chinhu waifanira kushandura iyo wiring configuration.
Apa ndipo panopinda mumwe mutorwa wekuHungary uyo aitove nemukurumbira wesainzi anopindira: John von Neumann.
Von Neuman akanga abatsira muhondo yeUnited States nemaitiro ake ekuverenga ekuvhundutsa (Inoshandiswa neManhattan Project) uye nekugadzirwa kwedzidziso yemutambo. Pamusoro pezvo, akadzidza nezvemichina yekuzvigadzira uye akanyora paquantum mathematics.
Mhinduro yake kune dambudziko reprogramming inonzwika sechinhu chiri kunze kwebhuku rekugadzira. Gurai komputa muzvikamu zviviri uye upe rimwe basa kune rimwe rawo.
Zvinoenderana neiyo von Neuman modhi ichiri kushandiswa mumakomputa, mafoni uye mamwe ma smart madivayiri, hardware yakakamurwa kuita:
- Iyo central processing unit (CPU) iyo inotarisira kushandisa mirairo yechirongwa kune data.
- Iyo ndangariro inochengeterwa data uye chirongwa chine mirairo yezvekuita nayo.
Iyo von Neuman architecture yakabvumira komputa kuita mamwe mabasa akaomarara. sezvo CPU ichingofanira kuwana data, tevera rairo uye dzokorora kutenderera kusvika yapedza.
Turing, Shannon, navon Neuman vakateya hwaro hwemichina inokwanisa kupindura mibvunzo panguva yehurukuro yakajairika kana kuita mabasa ekugadzira. Asi, zvirongwa zvakanaka zvichiri kushaikwa. Ndiyo nyaya yatichataura mune inotevera post.