Kubvunzana naManuel Ujaldón Martínez: NVIDIA CUDA Fellow award

El Dr. Manuel Ujaldón Martínez ndiye wekuSpain wekutanga kuhwina mubairo wepasi rose weCUDA Fellow yakapihwa naNVIDIA. Ujaldón akabvuma kuitisa bvunzurudzo kune yedu portal maanotiudza ruzivo runonakidza nezve ake mapurojekiti nebasa rake, pamwe nehukama hwake neGNU Linux.

Manuel Ujaldón purofesa muDhipatimendi reComputer Architecture kuUMA (Malaga University),  munyori wemabhuku akati wandei uye dzidziso, mutauri kumisangano uye anodzidzisa makosi anonakidza. Kune rese iri basa rakakura uye rakanakisa, Manuel akahwina mibairo mizhinji nemaziviso.

LinuxAdictos: Mubvunzo wekutanga unenge usingadzivisike. Iwe unowanzo shandisa GNU Linux? Kugovera kupi?

Manuel Ujaldon Martinez: Ndakagara ndiri Linux devotee. Iye zvino ndinoshandisa kugoverwa kweLinux kunoiswa nevashandi vangu Dhipatimendi kuUMA, uko Ubuntu neSUSE kunotungamira. Mumazuva angu ekutanga, ndakasarudza Red Hat / Fedora.

THE: Ini ndinonzwisisa kuti iwe ndiwe wekutanga muSpanish kuhwina iyo yepasi rose CUDA Shamwari mubairo kubva kuNVIDIA. Tatu rumbidzo zvimwe (CUDA Research Center uye maviri maCUDA Teaching Centres) awira paUniversity yeMalaga, kwaanoshanda. Kutanga kukorokotedza iwe uye UMA kubva kubhurogi redu. Rwendo urwu rwese neCUDA rwakatanga sei?

MU: Kutanga kwakauya mibairo kusangano, kwandakashanda semuongorori mukuru. Uye pakupedzisira, mubairo wega. Iyo nyaya yakapfupikiswa mumutsara iwoyo naVoltaire,
"Luck ndipo apo gadziriro inosangana nemukana." Muna 2003, mukati mekugara kwangu kwekutanga kuOhio State University, ndakadzidza kushandisa kodhi yesainzi paGPU nenzira yekuzvidzidzisa uye yehunyanzvi, kutanga nemumvuri uyezve neCG. Muna 2005 ndakapedza bhuku uko kwandakanyora maitiro ese. Ini ndaingofunga kupfuudza kune vadzidzi vari makosi angu ezhizha, asi zvishoma gare gare CUDA yakazvarwa uye zvese zvakachinja. Muna 2008, zvinyorwa zvinopfuura zviuru zvina zvesainzi zvakanyorwa pachiitiko cheCUDA (muna4.000 vakapfuura makumi matanhatu ezviuru), uye ini ndakagamuchira kuzivikanwa kwekutanga kubva kuNvidia, "Muzvinafundo wePurofesa" iyo yavakapa server yaTesla S2014 kuUMA ine 60.000 yepamusoro -end GPUs. Akange akakomberedzwa nevashandi vakanaka kwazvo, kuUMA, kuOhio State,… Tarenda iri rakaburitsa mibairo yese yawataura. Waingofanira kudhonza ngoro.
Muna 2015, pane CUDA SDK kurodha masekondi ese mapfumbamwe, uye kuverenga kweGPUs kuri kuita CUDA kunodarika mamirioni mazana matanhatu. Ikozvino mibairo yave kukwikwidza zvakanyanya, asi ini ndinoramba ndichivandudzwa seCUDA Shamwari makore mana gare gare nekuti Nvidia inotsigira vekutanga kutora uye isu vedu vane shungu yekudzidzisa CUDA. Nedzidzo dzinodarika makumi mashanu nemasemina akadzidziswa panguva yese iyi (vamwe mushure mekubhururuka maawa anodarika makumi maviri), kambani inoonga kuedza kwangu. Uye zvinondipa mukana wekuziva mukati mekambani inotungamira munzvimbo yangu yekutsvaga, chiitiko chakakosha. Tsika: Pasina kugadzirira, usatsvage rombo rakanaka

THE: NVIDIA yatisiira linuxers nguva dzinorwadza. Iwe ucharangarira izvo "Fuck iwe!" naLinus Torvalds yakatsaurirwa kuNVIDIA. Nguva pfupi yapfuura Linus akaombera kuti NVIDIA yakaburitsa vatyairi veTegra K1… Unofunga chii chiri chikonzero cheiyi shanduko mumaonero?

MU: Mukutanga kwayo, Nvidia yaive kambani yakagadzirirwa kugadzira mari. Asi mumakore gumi apfuura, zvirinani muchikamu chandinoziva, chakazadzwa nemasayendisiti kubva kumayunivhesiti akanakisa, kunyanya Stanford. Vanhu vakaita saBill Dally kana David Luebke vanoziva iyo yakawedzera kukosha yekuparadzira ruzivo uye kudzidziswa. Iyo purofiti inozosvika, asi ichipfuura ipapo. Ikozvino kune zvinopfuura mazana masere zvakanyoreswa maUniversity ayo anodzidzisa CUDA uye ayo Nvidia pampers nemipiro, kudzidza, makosi, ... Yakaiswa mukwari, pamberi pekuti nyeredzi dzakasaina dzakatsvakwa kuhwina izvozvi! Makambani eSilicon Valley anoziva kutaridzika kwenguva yakareba, zvirongwa zvakawanda zvinoita kunge gomba risina chigadziko, asi imbeu dzinomera mumashure. Ini ndinonzwisisa kuti kuna Linus Torvalds weNvidia wemakore gumi nemashanu apfuura aive Lucifer iye. Uye ikozvino ita isinganzwisisike wink.

THE: Basa rake riri kupa mumunda wehutano. Nekugadziriswa kwemifananidzo yezvinyorwa zvekutsvaga nzvimbo dzekufarira dzakadai semamota kana zvinyama zvadzoreredzwa uye kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvinodzikira kuburikidza nekushandisa komputa. Tipei sumo kune aya anonakidza mapurojekiti ...

MU: Chekutanga pane zvese, mapurojekiti haasi angu, asi boka randinoronga, uye rinoshanda zvakanyanya kana kupfuura zvandinoita. Izvo zvakati, isu hatigadzire matsva maitiro e biomedical nekuti isu hatisi nyanzvi munzvimbo iyoyo, isu tinoedza kunzwisisa nzira dzino nyanyisa uye dzinoverengeka dzinodhura kuvamhanyisa vachishandisa GPU. Matekiniki ekuona gomarara ari kuve akajeka uye ekudzivirira, asi anoda ongororo yemifananidzo inogona kutora mwedzi paCPU. MuGPU chinhu chinogona kugara mumazuva uye kunyangwe maawa, izvo zvinoita kuti maitiro acho agone. Injiniya ndeye pragmatic mhando, ndiyo etymology yeshoko rinoratidza kubatana kwedu, ndizvo "zvinotitenderedza".

THE: Isu takaona mashandisiro anoita komputa hupenyu hwedu uye kuti ari kuukanganisa sei. Asi pamwe zvisingaiti zvakananga semapurojekiti avo, ayo anoita kunge akatarisana nebasa rekubatsira vanhu chete. Ndiri kureva, chinangwa chavo hachisi chekugadzira tekinoroji iyo inogona kuzoshandiswa mune yehutano munda, asi asi iwo mapurojekiti uye nehutano. Kuseri kwemuongorori mukuru uyu zvakare kune munhu mukuru ... Haufunge here?

MU: Kupfuura munhu mukuru, ndinozvitora semhando inonzwisisika. Paunoshanda muchipatara uye ukaona kenza iri padhuze, zvakanaka kuti uite zvishoma. Kuti murwere anogona kuongororwa pamberi nemazuva uye kunyangwe mavhiki zvinoyevedza kunyangwe iwe usingaite chero chinhu kuti umurape kana akarwara. Asi iye anofunga kuti ane hutano, uye chii chinopfuura nemusoro wake mazuva ese icho chakamirira mhedzisiro yekurapwa. Kupfupisa iyo nhamo kunofungidzira kugutsikana kwakadai zvekuti kuvandudzwa kwemutambo wevhidhiyo, semuenzaniso, hakugone kuunza kwandiri. Sosaiti ine vashoma vanoverengerwa masayendisiti emakomputa semhando dzisingazivikanwe ("zvimisikidzo"), asi pane zvese. Kushanda muchipatara kukugadzirisa iwe, iwe unowedzera hedonistic, chinhu chikuru chipikiso, uye zvakanyanya kudaro munyika yatiri kurarama, ine zvakawanda zvisina hutano kupindwa muropa ...

THE: Akaenderera mberi achiongorora bioinformatics munzvimbo dziri muUnited States neAustralia. Hakuna nzvimbo yekutsvagisa yenyika kana chipatara chave kufarira basa rako kuti chiitwe?

MU: Gore rapera iyo Junta de Andalucía yakandipa iyo Projekti yeakanaka kwemakore mana ekuchimbidza bioinformatics kunyorera mumaGPU, uye mumakore gumi apfuura takave yakafanana. Mune ino kesi, isu tinoongorora neural chiitiko kuti tione uropi maronda. Isu tinoshanda pamwe neBrain Dynamics kambani yeAndalusian Technology Park, uye kubva ipapo, tinokwanisa kuwana zvipatara zvakasiyana munzvimbo iyi. Chipatara Clínico uye Chipatara Carlos Haya, vese vari kuMalaga, uye Chipatara Costa del Sol, muMarbella, vanogona kunge vari vatengi, uye tinovimba vanogona kubatsirwa nemhedzisiro yeprojekti. Parizvino nguva isati yakwana kutora stock, kwasara makore matatu ebasa, asi isu tiri kufamba munzira chaiyo uye ngarava ine uta hwayo yakanangana nehutano hweAndalusian. Tinotarisira kuzadzikiswa. Izvi zvakatoitika neprojekiti yapfuura.

THE: Kushandisa simba reGPU pamashandisirwo akajairwa-chinangwa anoda makomputa ekugona (GPGPU) chinhu chinoratidzika kunge chiri mu "fashoni". Nei iwe uchifunga kuti zvakatora iyo indasitiri kwenguva yakareba kuti vaone kuti kadhi remifananidzo rakakosha kupfuura kungoita mitambo yemavhidhiyo?

MU: Ose makuru hunyanzvi anofanirwa kukunda kuramba kushanduka. Intel uye AMD mapurosesa anga achimhanya x40 kodhi yemakore makumi mana, seti yakaoma yemirairo inongobata nekuti mushandisi anokoshesa kuenderana kumashure. Intel yakagara ichiziva izvi, asi kuyedza kwayo "kuvandudza" iyo x86 kwave kukundikana kune njodzi zvekuti nekufamba kwenguva yakarasikirwa nechido chekutsungirira. AMD yanga isingakendengi nguva yese iyi, uye mumakore achangopfuura, yanga ine zvakawanda zvekuita nekupona. Mune idzodzo, "wekunze" saNvidia akasvika, uye pasina vavariro, ari kuzviita. Vazhinji vedu taida kukanganwa nezve tune yakabuda mutune, kunyanya pataiita senge takapihwa mhosva yekuiteerera zuva nezuva. Iye zvino tave nemumhanzi wekudenga, uye tichifungidzirwa tinovhura maziso edu toona kuti iyo GPU ipuratifomu yakachipa, inoshanduka-shanduka (iyo nekungotamba kana kugadzirisa iyo yekutarisa, isu takatomisirwa) uye kwese kwese (parizvino maGPU matatu anotengeswa kuCPU imwe neimwe) . Ndipo patinofunga, nei? Uye zvino unomuka, nekuti kudzidza kudzidza muCUDA hakusi nyore, kunyanya kana iwe uchibva kuPython uko zvese zvinoshanda padanho repamusoro uye zvinoitwa nemusana wako papuratifomu. CUDA ndiko kukunda kwevashandi vakaoma, kwechishuwo chekushanda, chekutsungirira, kwemaitiro akawanda asisashandiswe, asi kuti isu tinofanirwa kupora. Chishamiso kuti chakapinda zvakadzama uye nekukasira munharaunda yedu yazvino.

THE: Iwe wakatanga anopfuura makore gumi apfuura neizvi, muchokwadi muna 10 iwe wakaburitsa iro bhuku rekuti maitiro ekuronga maGPUs kuti akurumidze kunyorera kwesainzi. Yakanga yatove chakavanzika chakavanzika here?

MU: Handifunge kuti vanhu vane tarisiro zvakanyanya vangadai vakafunga ipapo kuti tichazosvika patiri, kwete nekukurumidza. Iyo GPU ine chiyero chekushanduka chakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo CPU, chizvarwa chega chega chipfupi uye chinounza zvimwe zvitsva. Izvo zvinoita kuti mugwagwa uve wakanaka, asi zvakare zviome kune anoona.

THE: Uye zvakare, zvirongwa zvakaita seiyo HSA Foundation zvakabuda kugadzirisa manejimendi eHSA masisitimu. Iwe unogona here kutsanangurira kune vamwe vanhu kukosha kweheterogenible computing?

MU: Iyo yakawanda kwazvo yazvino ma processor inogadzira CPU uye GPU pane imwechete chip. Iyo CPU ndeye yakawanda-musimboti (mashoma akaomarara macores, akatenderedza gumi) uye iyo GPU iri yakawanda-musimboti (mazhinji akareruka macores, akakomberedza zviuru zvitatu). Ndeipi ine simba rakanyanya, sando gumi kana zviuru zvitatu zvemakwara? Zvinoenderana nedambudziko raunoda kugadzirisa. Asi isu tese tinobvumirana kuti yakanakisa sando gumi * uye * zviuru zvitatu zvema scalpels. Ikoko kunoshamisa komputa: Usasiya chero chinhu. Nyorera zvese uye woedza kushandira zana% rezviwanikwa. Kuti utore CPU, iwe uchada chikoro chekare: C makumi maviri emakore apfuura, Java makore gumi apfuura, uye Python makore gumi aya. Kuti utore mukana weiyo GPU, iwe uchazoda CUDA gumi iri, uye tichaona zvinoitika zvinotevera. Makodhi mazhinji anotaridzika zvirinani pane CPU, uye mamwe paGPU. Kana iwe uchingoziva maitiro ekuronga imwe yeanogadzira, iwe unosuwa huviri, uye iwe wakabhadhara iyo pawakatenga iyo PC. Nezuva rega rega rinopfuura, mugadziri uyo asingazive iyo GPU anowedzera-ane zvombo, uye iyo kambani inogara ichida mushandi wekushushikana.

THE: Vagadziri veLinux vari kubhadhara zvakanyanya kuARM munguva pfupi yapfuura. Izvi imhaka yechimwe chinhu. Mhuri iyi inotsvaira nhare mbozha. Asi zvinoita sekunge ine kufarira kupfuura simba rakaderera, semuenzaniso, AMD yakafumura dhizaini yayo yeK12 uye Opteron A-Series yemaseva anoziviswa. ARM ramangwana here? Iwe unofunga kuti ichakunda HPC neyemakomputa chikamu nekudzinga AMD64, SPARC, SIMBA,…?

MU: Kupfuura kushomeka kwekushandisa, izvo zvinopihwa neARM muenzaniso mutsva, nekuti hazvikutengesere chip, asi dhizaini inoronga pamwechete nerezinesi rekuivaka. Iwo mamwe mavara aunotaura akanyanya kune ekupedzisira chigadzirwa. Zvinoita sekunge imwe resitorendi yatengesa iwe paella, uye imwe, iyo nzira yaunogadzira kumba (asi uchivimbisa kuti ichazonaka seiya iri muresitorendi). Mukufamba kwenguva, kana uchida paella, zvirinani kuisa mari mune yechipiri sarudzo, iwe unozonakidzwa zvakanyanya uye zvinokubhadhara iwe zvishoma. Zvakare, nekutengesa kamukira iwe unowedzera shamwari, nekuti zuva iro paella parinozoshata, mutengi anotora mhosva yake, haakwanise kuikanda muresitorendi. Aya ndiwo marongero anoita ARM vatengi vanogutsikana, uye ndiyo inogara iri mari hombe. Muenzaniso wakanaka iyo Nvidia Tegra iwe yawambotaura kare. Ivo vanotakura iyo ARM processor uye vanokwikwidzana nezviputi zvavo mune imwechete yakaderera-simba chikamu umo ARM iri mambo. Pakapinda Nvidia mumusika iwoyo, ARM yakaibatsira nekuipa kiyi yekubheka. Zvino, ARM inoita mari kubva kuTegra inotengeswa naNvidia. Nehunyanzvi, uye nemabatiro aakaita mazano ayo, ARM inokodzera rombo rayo (uyezve, ikambani yeEuropean). Ndinovimba icharamba ichikura.

THE: HPC inharaunda * nix, kunyanya Linux. Imwe yemhinduro kune ino maitiro inogona kuve yakavhurwa sosi, asi ndozvinoitawo FreeBSD uye zvakadaro iyo quota inozvitaurira yega. Unogona here kururamisa iri rakakura basa reLinux muHPC?

MU: Kwandiri, FreeBSD inotsiva Linux. Kana iwe uine iyo yakachena flavour, nei uchinja. Uye kunze kwenyika yeLinux, ini handioni Windows kana MacOS ichisvika pamusoro peHPC. Ndanga ndichiteedzera yepamusoro20.org kwemakore makumi maviri uye vaigara vari vangori zvikwata. Nharaunda yeHPC yakaumbwa nevasayendisiti, uye chidimbu chega chedu chatinonyorera chakawana kiredhiti yavo, kwete chete sisitimu yekushandisa. Iwe unoziva izvo masayendisiti anoshandisa kunyora zvinyorwa zvedu? Latex. Munyika yedu, Shoko rine musika wakaoma. Uye zvakadaro, mushandisi komputa, Izwi rinokunda nekukoromoka kwepasi.

THE: Yunivhesiti yeMalaga inoverengerwa makumi maviri nemaviri mune chinzvimbo chemayunivhesiti ayo anopa zvakanyanya kusununguka software. Chii chaunogona kutaura nezve ichi chinzvimbo senhengo yeUMA?

MU: Ini ndinogona kutaura kuti ini ndakakomberedzwa nevakangwara vandinoshanda navo vanogona kuratidza zvimwe zvakawanda zvezvirongwa zvavo zve software. Uye handisati ndambovaona vachitsvaga hurongwa hwehupfumi kuti vapfume. Basa rakaitwa zvakanaka rinokudza kupfuura mari.

THE: Isu tinowanzo gumisa kubvunzana nerudzi rwemutambo. Inosanganisira kuisa pfupiso yako pachako pane anotevera mazwi.

MU: Vhura sosi: Shandira kupa zvisingaonekwe, zvakaoma kunzwisisa kune avo vanofamba nehupfumi parameter. Ikoko ivo, zvinhu zvakanakisa muhupenyu zvakasununguka.
OpenGL: Yekutanga chiyero cheiyo mapikicha ekuronga, atinotikwereta zvakanyanya.
OpenCL: Iyo yakajairwa chirongwa cheGPGPU, nyaya yakanaka inoshamisa inofamba ichienda kufasco sezvo isingadzokere kumashure maitiro munguva pfupi. Hupenyu hahugari nguva dzose.
Arduino: Iyo OpenGL yeiyo dhairekitori, iko kwatinozofanira kuve nechikwereti chakawanda mumakore mashoma.
Linus Torvalds: Guru. Pazasi pemaviri akanakisa, kwandiri Steve Jobs naRobert Noyce, asi pakati pevane makumi mashanu vatambi vane mukurumbira munhoroondo yehunyanzvi.

Ndinovimba makafarira iyi bvunzurudzo nyowani munhevedzano yatichange tichitsikisa. Uye ini ndinokurudzira avo vanofarira kusaina iyo 11th edition yeiyo kosi de GPU kuronga neCUDA. Iyo yakarongedzwa naUraldón pachake uye ichaitika muna Chikunguru kuUMA. Uye zvakare, ine iyo CUDA Teaching Center endorsement, iyo inoita kuti ive yakasarudzika muSpain.

Iyo kosi yakavhurika kune chero munhu ane hushoma ruzivo rwechirongwa muC. Vanopinda dzidza kuronga makadhi emifananidzo uchishandisa CUDA. Vachafadzwa nemaawa makumi matanhatu, kazhinji anoshanda. Uye zvakare, kadhi yemifananidzo yeGeForce GTX 60 yakapihwa neNVIDIA ichatorwa.