Kugamuchirwa: Matipi epamusoro eLinux Nyowani

Kana zvikonzero zvebasa, kana kungoita sarudzo yemunhu, wadzika pane linux, isu tichakupa mamwe matipi uye manomano ekuti uenzane nezvakagoverwa uye isu tinokurudzira iyo distro yekusarudza zvinoenderana neyako sisitimu yaunobva. Tichaongorora shanduko dzakakodzerana dzauchasangana nadzo uye tinokutungamira kuti uwane gadziriso iri nani.

Sezvo ivo varipo huwandu hweanoshanda masystem, tirikurapa matatu chete. Iyo yakanyanya kuwanda iWindows uye saka mazhinji emazano anozonangwa kune vashandisi vanobva kune iyo inoshanda system. Tichazopawo imwe data yevashandisi veMac OS X uye imwe yeavo vanobva munyika yeBSD (kunyanya FreeBSD).

Izvo zvinongoramba zviri kwandiri kuti ndikugamuchire uye ndinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chichava chekubatsira kukuru kune vese "juniors" muLinux, uye ndinoshuvira iwe kuti uve "mukuru". Heano mazano...

Matipi evashandisi veMicrosoft Windows:

Kutanga nyora zvakafanira kwazvo kugoverwa kwevashandisi veWindows, kunyange izvi zvichingova kurudziro, nekuti unogona kusarudza chero imwe. Asi kune zvimwe zviri nyore senge Zorin OS, ine nharaunda yakafanana neWindows maunonzwa wakasununguka. Chero kugoverwa neiyo LXLE desktop nharaunda kwaizokurudzirwa, senge Lubuntu, nekuti desktop iyi yakafanana neiyo yeWindows.

Kunze kweizvi, unogona kushandisa vamwe vakaita Ubuntu kana Linux Deepin izvo zvatakataura nezvakawanda pane ino blog munguva pfupi yapfuura. Asi ini zvakare ndinokuraira iwe Linux Mint, zviri nyore kushandisa uye izvo zvinoita kuti hupenyu hwako huve nyore.

Ndingakurudzirawo kuti iwe uverenge chinyorwa chedu pane dzimwe nzira dzeWindows zvirongwa, iko iyo mapurogiramu inonyanya kufarirwa nevashandisi veMicrosoft sisitimu yekushandisa uye dzimwe nzira dzinoverengeka dzinopihwa kuti usazovapotsa muLinux. Uye zvakare, iwe une waini, PlayOnLinux uye mamwe mapurojekiti anoita kuti zvikwanise kumhanya yemuno Windows software paLinux.

Isu takatotanga neimwe messi handiti? Chii ichocho migove? Huye, izvo hazvisi chinhu kunze kwekushandurwa kweGNU / Linux anoshanda masisitimu ezvese zvavanofarira. Kune akawanda, mazhinji, nekuda kwekuravira kwangu akawandisa, asi kune vamwe iwo mukana nekuti unogona kusarudza yako yakanakisa "flavour". Zvakafanana neAudi, semuenzaniso, kunyangwe iyo inogadzira injini yakafanana, iyo chassis inosiyana muA3, A6, Q7, ...

Zvakanaka, kana ichi chipingamupinyi chekutanga chakundwa, kutaura kuti muUnix-senge masisitimu anoshanda (kunze kweMac OS X), senge Linux, kutsamira pa iyo koni yakakura kupfuura muWindows, saka kushandisa mirairo mumavara modhi kunenge kwakakosha, kunyangwe zvimiro zvemazuva ano graphical uye nyore izvo zvino zvinopihwa nesoftware nzvimbo dzekugovera, zvinokubvumidza iwe kuti uite chero chinhu kana kuisa zvirongwa nekungodzvanya kamwe chete. .

Ndingakurudzirawo kuti utange kurodha pasi LiveCD kana LiveDVD kana LiveUSB, iyo iri mifananidzo yeiyo distros iwe yaunogona kurodha pasi uye iwe unogona kuyedza zvisati zvaiswa pane yako komputa. Iwe unongopisa iyo mufananidzo kune diski, kuiisa, tanga komputa yako uye iwe unogona kuishandisa zvakajairika. Kana uchiifarira, unogona kuiisa.

1. Nyaya yekunzwa: paWindows NT uye DOS, hapana "kesi senzwi", ndiko kuti, ivo havanzwisise nyaya. Izvi zviri muUnix zviripo uye isu tinofanirwa kungwarira kana tichishandisa rairo rekunyaradza uye nekunyora mazita nemazvo tichiremekedza kumusoro nekumusoro kesi zvikasadaro zvinotipa matambudziko. Semuenzaniso, muWindows ingangove iyo imwecheteyo folda "Mifananidzo yangu" se "mapikicha angu", asi muLinux unogona kuva nemazita ese uye zvaizovabata sevakasiyana.
2. Kungodzvanya kamwe chete: Kana iwe ukashandisa iyo KDE desktop nharaunda, kunyange ichigona kugadzirirwa mune mbeva sarudzo kuti ienderane nevashandisi veWindows, iwe uchaona kuti mapaipi edesktop anovhurwa nekamwe chete uye kana iwe ukaipa iwo maviri mabhatani sezvaunoita muWindows, uchave vhura chirongwa kana faira kaviri ...
3. Mafaira uye madhairekitori vs Mafaira uye maforodha: mumutauro * nix, zvakajairika kushandisa izwi iri. Kune Linux dhairekitori dhairekitori uye faira iri faira. Izvo zvakapusa, asi zvinogona kutungamira mukusagadzikana pakati pezvitsva.
4. Mushandisi uye mudzi: MuWindows wajaira kusiyanisa pakati pevashandisi nevatariri, nekuti muLinux, iyo yakaenzana nemutungamiriri inonzi Super mushandisi kana mudzi.
5. MuLinux unogona: Uyu mutsara unodzokororwa kakawanda, nekuti Linux ine simba rakanyanya uye inochinjika muzvinhu zvakawanda. Iyo inzvimbo inogadzirisika iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uite zvinhu zvakawanda kupfuura Windows. Muenzaniso ndewekuti muWindows haugone kushandura faira richivhurwa nechirongwa, nekuti rinokukanda meseji yekukanganisa "Faira riri kushandiswa". Kune rimwe divi, muLinux unogona kuigadzirisa panguva imwe chete pasina dambudziko, nekuti maitiro acho haabire mafaira.
6. Nhema dzenhema: Iko hakuna software uye madhiraivha eLinux, izvo ndezvekunyepa uye nekuwedzera uye nekuwedzera. Kune akawanda uye akawanda software uye akawanda madhiraivha. Linux inogamuchira yakawanda Hardware, iwe unenge usingave nedambudziko nazvo uye maererano nesoftware dzimwe nzira pane dzakawanda, dzimwe nguva kune dzimwe shanduro dzechirongwa chimwechete kune akati wandei mapuratifomu. Semuenzaniso, Firefox neChrome zvinogona kuwanikwa zveLinux, haufanire kutsvaga dzimwe nzira. Uye zvakare, mitambo yemavhidhiyo musika uri kukura, isu tanga tichitotaura, kune akawanda uye ari nani mitambo yemavhidhiyo yeLinux, ivo vakawedzera pamitero isingafungidzirwe.
7. Mafomati uye kuwedzeredzwa: ma extensions mazhinji kana mafomati emafaira anogadzirwa nezvirongwa zveWindows anowirirana zvizere nezvirongwa zveLinux, semuenzaniso, Hofisi zvinyorwa (.docx, .ppt, .xlsx,…) zvinogona kuvhurwa nekushandurwa neLibreOffice neOpenOffice. Uye zvechokwadi vamwe vanofarira .mp3, .mp4, .pdf, .txt, nezvimwe.
8. MuUnix / Linux zvese faira: MuWindows unozoshandiswa kuona madhiraivha (C:, D:, A:,…) nemidziyo. Zvakanaka, muLinux zvese zviri faira, saka iro rakaomarara diski iri / dev / sda kana iyo optical reader iri / dev / cdrom, nezvimwe. Yese Hardware inomiririrwa uye inobatwa sefaira, izvi kunyangwe zvichiratidzika sezvisingagone zvine zvakawanda zvakanaka.
9. Yemahara uye yemahara: Imwe yeshanduko dzakanyanya kukosha dzauri kuzoona ndeyekuti anenge ese mapurogiramu akasununguka uye emahara. Iwe haufanire kuvabhadhara kana kuvabira sezvazvinoitika mune dzakawanda zviitiko paWindows masystem. Iwo mukana uri pachena unobvumidza iwe kuchengetedza mari yakawanda uye kuve neakawanda software sezvaunoda pasina matambudziko. Kunyangwe iyo inoshanda sisitimu yakasununguka uye yemahara ...

Matipi evashandisi veamwe masisitimu anoshanda (Mac OS X uye FreeBSD):

Zvakanaka, chinhu chekutanga kukurudzira ndechekuti kugovera kunogona kukukodzera zvakanyanya. Kune vashandisi veMac OS X unogona kunge wakasununguka nedesktop Ubuntu Kubatana, sezvo iine zvimwe zvakafanana kune iyo Mac OS X nharaunda maererano nemawindows. Semuenzaniso, haufanire kujaira kuvhara / kuwedzera / kurerutsa windows kubva kune rimwe divi, ine bhaa repamusoro rakafanana neyemenu bar uye iyo yekutanga yakafanana neiyo Dock, chete panzvimbo pekuve pazasi iri kurudyi.

Kune mamwezve ma distros anotaridzika akafanana neOS X, senge Elementary OS, kugoverwa kweLinux kunoenderana neUbuntu kune iyo nharaunda yavo yakagadziridzwa kuitira kuti fananidzo neApple system izere.

Imwe yakadaro distro ndeye Linux Senge Mac OS X (Mint OS X), zvichibva paLinux Mint uye izvo zvinoedza kutevedzera zvinoonekwa zveMac uye chokwadi ndechekuti pakutanga pekutarisa vanoita semadonhwe maviri emvura.

Pane kudaro, kana iwe uchibva FreeBSD kana chero imwe BSD, iwe unofanirwa kuve uri murume akaoma pane izvi ... kuti ugone kutanga nechero kugoverwa kweLinux pasina dambudziko. Asi iwe unogona kunge wakasununguka naGentoo uye maneja wayo wePortage package, nezvimwe zvakafanana neBSD Ports uye iri POSIX inoenderana, muchokwadi Portage inoshandiswa zvakare neFreeBSD. Uye kana iwe uchida kuita, unogona kuenda kuArch Linux, iyo yakagadziridzwa mune izvi nyaya.

Ndinoda kuwedzera chimwe chinhu kana paine chero mushandisi we Solaris Uchiona izvi, taura kuti muLinux iwe unozonzwa kugadzikana maererano nerutsigiro rwehardware, kuve uri pamusoro peiyo inotsigirwa naSolaris (ona Solaris Hardware Compatibility List). Uye kurudziro inoshanda ndeyekuisa sh seyakagadzika ganda, nekuti ruzhinji rweLinux distros vanoshandisa bash. Izvi zvichaita kuti vanzwe vari pamba, kunyangwe kana wanga uchishandisa bash paSolaris, zano haribatsiri, nekuti unenge watoziva kare.

Para gadza zvirongwa paDebian uye zvigadzirwa, unogona kushandisa "apt-tora", yakafanana chaizvo ne "pkg-tora" inoshandiswa muBSD neSolaris. Uyezve taura kuti muMac OS X uye BSD kana uchishandisa koni, "port install" inoshandiswa kuisa, asi zvakafanana, unongofanirwa kujaira syntax.

Imwe grey theme ndeye zvikamuIni ndinokurudzira kuti vashandisi veWindows vabvunze zvinyorwa kana vachizomuisa pamwe chete nechikamu nehurongwa hwaMicrosoft kana kusiya izvo zvinokukurudzira nekukasira panguva yekuisirwa Asi kune vashandisi vemberi vanouya kubva kuSolaris kana mamwe maUnix, vachikuudza kuti izvo zvikamu zvezvikamu zvinogadzira kumwe kusahadzika.

Solaris neBSD, pamwe nemamwe masisitimu * nix anoshandisa mafaera "slice", Semuenzaniso / etc / passwd inogona kunge iri mu / a / etc / passwd, apo / a iri" chidimbu ". Aya "zvimedu" haamo muLinux uye iwe unowana madhairekitori kana mafaera muchikamu chimwe chete kana kupatsanurwa kwedhisiki rakaomarara, pasina zvidimbu. Chinhu chekuravira kwangu chakareruka uye chakareruka. Semuenzaniso, zvirimo muchidimbu a, b, uye c zvichave paLinux mukati mechikamu chimwe chete (kazhinji, kunyange zvichikwanisa kuchinjwa).

Kune rimwe divi, iwo eBSD neFreeBSD anofanirwa kujaira izvo dhairekitori repamba rako pachako iyo iri mu / imba uye kwete / usr / imba senge muBSD. Chinhu chakafanana nezvinoitika ne / usr / local / etc izvo zviri muLinux zviri nyore / nezvimwe.

Kunze "Toor", imwe nzira kune "mudzi" Unix uye BSD haipo paLinux. Asi pane bhutsu sarudzo inonzi "Imwe Yega Mushandisi Maitiro" iyo yakafanana ne "toor". Mupfungwa iyi, yakafanana neLinux kupfuura OS X, nekuti iine nzira imwechete iyo maMac akabatanidzwawo.

Kana zvakadaro mamiriro edesktop, Ndatotaura kuti kune akawanda muLinux. Dzimwe senge KDE kana GNOME dzinogona kushandiswa pane masisitimu akaita seFreeBSD, saka iwe unenge uchiziva zvino. Asi Mac OS X inongova neyakagadzika, saka iwe unozonzwa wakasununguka neiyo distros yandakakurudzira pakutanga kwechikamu chino. PaSolaris unogona kushandisa dzimwe nzvimbo dzekunze dzakadai seCDE, OpenWindows uye JDS, asi hauzove nedambudziko rakakura futi.

Kana zviri zvekushandisa kweMac OS X, unogona kukwanisa kuisa mamwe maAppleapp paLinux nekuda kweprojekti Darling (kana tarisa kugoverwa kweUniOS), yakafanana neWine, kunyangwe iri mune yakatowanda nguva yekusimudzira ... Asi zvakadaro, iwe unowana yakawanda yemuno software yeLinux iyo inogona kutsiva Apple. Kune vashandisi veSolaris, BSD, nezvimwe, hapana dambudziko, paLinux iwe unowana zvimwe zvakawanda software kupfuura pamapuratifomu avo.

Asi kana zvasvika pakuisa zvirongwa pane ese Mac OS X uye Windows zviri nyore kwazvo uye kune mashoma chete kuwedzera, se .dmg uye .exe zvichiteerana. Asi muLinux tinowana .deb, .rpm, .bin, .sh, .tar, .run, nezvimwe. Chinhu chisingazove dambudziko kwauri kana iwe ukaverenga yangu chinyorwa chekuisa ese marudzi emapakeji.

Iyo Mac OS X koni yakamboregeredzwa, isina simba shoma, haina maturusi mazhinji seLinux uye mupfungwa iyi zviri nani kune nyanzvi kushandisa Linux. Chii chimwe, iyo linux inokurumidza Izvo zvakasiyana uye semuenzaniso zvinoratidza zvemukati nemavara zvinokubatsira zvirinani kuziva madhairekitori uye mafaera, chimwe chinhu chinoshayikwa neMac OS X neWindows cmd.

Kuenderera mberi nevashandisi veMac, taura kuti yako Finder inogona kupihwa neDolphin paKDE kana naNautilus paGNOME / Kubatana uye zvigadzirwa. Uyezve taura kuti kudzore zita haufanirwe kusarudza iyo faira uye pinda ENTER, asi unogona kuzviita nekona bhatani bhatani uye sarudza rename sarudzo kubva kumenyu inoonekwa.

EL Vashandisi dhairekitori remunhu OS X iri muchikamu chikuru, muLinux kazhinji zvakare, kunze kwekunge tatsanangura kuzviisa muchikamu chakaparadzana (chimwe chinhu chakakurudzirwa). Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga mushandisi anonzi / home.

Uye kupedzisa, taura zvimwe Zvirongwa zvepurogiramu zveMac OS X kubva kuApple iwe yaunogona kuisa pane Linux:

• iTunes - Rhythmbox, Banshee, Amarok, ...
• Safari - Chrome, Firefox, Konkeror, Opera, ...
• Otomatiki - Xnee
• iWork - Kword, OpenOffice, LibreOffice, ...
• iGarageband - Audacity, Jokosher, Ardor, ...
• iPHoto - F-Spot, Picasa, digiKam, ...
• iMovie - Kino, Cinelerra, ...
• TextEdit - TextEdit, Nano, Gedit, Emacs, VI,….
• Kutarisa, Sherlock - Beagle
• Apple Kutaura - Netatalk
• Tsamba - Thunderbird, Evolution, Kontact, ...
• iChat - Kphone, Ekiga, Xten Lite, ...
• iCal, Agenda - Chandler, Google Calendar, Sunbird, ...
• iSync - Kpilot, gtkpod, Floola, ...
• Stuffit - Faira Roller, Areka, ...
• iDVD - K3B, Brasero, Baker, ...
• Paragon Partition Manager - Gparted, Partition Image,…
• iWeb - Kompozer, Quanta +, Bluefish, ...
• QuickTime - Totem, VLC, Kaffeine, Xine, ...

Usakanganwe taura uye nyora kusahadzika, mazano kana chero mibvunzo yauinayo. Tichave tichifara kupindura uye kuyedza kukubatsira iwe sezvazvinogona.