Dhatabhesi. Sumo pfupi kumusoro wenyaya

Databases panguva imwechete chimwe chezvinhu zvakanyanya uye zvisinganyanyo shandiswa. Ichokwadi kuti iwo maturusi akakosha ehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hweruzivo. AsiMuchiitiko chevashandisi vanoshanda nekombuta yavo, zvinokwanisika kutaura nezvekushandisa zvisizvo. Kunze kwekunge, vari muchikumbiro icho chinosanganisira icho, senge kana uchivhura uye kupindura pane ino blog.

Ichokwadi kuti kushandisa pepa rekushambadzira kunzwisisika uye pane zvimwe zvinyorwa zviripo. Microsoft pachayo yakangoburitsa bhuku rimwe chete paAccess uye ndiko kugadzirira bvunzo dzechitupa. Kana zviri zve LibreOffice Base, zvinyorwa zviripo (muChirungu) zvinosvika vhezheni 6.4.

Asi, iyo yakakura yekudzidzira curve inobhadharwa nemabhenefiti sezvo iwo akakosha ekushanda pamwe isiri-nhamba yedata.

Dhatabhesi Ndezvipi izvo?

Dhatabhesi ndeye muunganidzwa we data rakagadzirwa neimwe nzira uye rakachengetwa zvemagetsiuye. Kubudikidza nechirongwa chinonzi manejimendi yedhatabhesi, iri mukutarisira kufambisa, kugadzirisa uye kubvisa zvakafanana. Dzimwe mhando dzedhatabhesi dzinoshandisa chaiyo programming mutauro unobvumidza mibvunzo.

Kurongwa

Zvinoenderana nenzvimbo

• Dhatabhesi repakati: Inowanikwa, yakachengetwa uye inochengetwa munzvimbo imwechete. Izvo hazvireve kuti mushandisi anofanira kunge ari munzvimbo imwechete kuti awane.
• Yakagoverwa dhatabhesi: Izvi ndizvo chaizvo dhatabhesi akasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuviriIvo vanobatanidzwa nemaneja unovaita kuti vashande sekunge vaive mumwe.

Zvinoenderana nenzira yekumisikidza hukama pakati peiyo data

• Hukama: Mune urwu rudzi rwe database idzi ivo vakarongeka muchimiro chemitsara nemakoramu.
• Chinhu-chakanangidzirwa: Pano data rakachengetwa muchimiro chezvinhu. Izvi zvinhu zvinochengetwa mudhatabhesi nekuvapa hunhu uye nzira dzinotsanangura zvekuita nedhata.
• Girafu-yakatarisana: Shandisa iyo Graphic Schema Dzidziso kuchengetedza, mepu, uye kubvunza hukama pakati pe data.
• NoSQL: Inotendera data risina kurongeka kuchengetwaIvo semi-akaumbwa.
• Gwaro rinotarisana: Icho chidimbu cheiyo yapfuura. Panzvimbo pekuchengetedza iyo data mumitsara uye makoramu inoshandisa zvinyorwa kuchengetedza uye kutora data. Aya magwaro anoronga iyo data vachishandisa zviyero zvakaita seJSON kana XML.

Zvinoenderana nekutarisisa

• OLTP: Iwo madhatabhesi yakanangana nekutengeseranairi uye inosanganisira kupinza data, kugadzirisa uye kudzima mabasa.
• OLAP: Aya madhatabhesi ari yakanangana nekuongororwa kwedata kubvumidza mhedzisiro kutorwa.

Mamwe marudzi

• Autonomous: Ivo vane makore-based uye shandisa muchina kudzidza kuita automate database basa,  chengetedzo, backups, kugadzirisa uye mamwe maitiro echinyakare manejimendi anoitwa nemutungamiriri mune echinyakare dhatabhesi.
• Dhata yekuchengetera: Iri dhatabhesi rinotarisana nekambani chikamu icho inosanganisa uye inonatsa ruzivo kubva kwakasiyana masosi ekugadzirisa uye kuiongorora dkubva kwakasiyana maonero nekukurumidza.

Vhura vs. dhatabhesi dura

Hazvina musoro mune ino blog kujekesa kuti ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri. Kana zvichinakidza kuona kuti kushandiswa kweese ari maviri kunogoverwa sei. Zvinoenderana neazvino manhamba, e5 anonyanya kushandiswa, matatu akavhurika sosi. Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti maviri eakavhurika sosi; PostgreSQL uye MongoDB vakaona kukura kunoshamisa; 3% uye 44,02% zvichiteerana.

Kurova kukuru kwakatorwa neMicrosoft SQL server (muridzi) nekudonha kwe70,81% nepo chigadzirwa chinotungamira, Oracle inounganidza kuderera kwe28,08%. MySQL, inonyanya kufarirwa yeakavhurika sosi mhinduro, haina kuenda zvakanyanyisawo. ine 24,28% pabhodhi.

Zvisinei, nhamba iyi iwe unofanirwa kuitora netweezers. Masosi ekuverenga chinzvimbo cheinjini yedhatabhesi yega yega ndeaya:

• Nhamba yemhedzisiro mumajini ekutsvaga.
• Tsvaga yekuwandisa maererano nemaitiro eGoogle.
• Nhamba yemibvunzo pane tekinoroji mubvunzo uye mhinduro mhinduro.
• Nhamba yebasa rinopihwa.
• Kakawanda kwekutaurwa mumaprofayiri ehunyanzvi.
• Nhamba yezvataurwa mumasocial network.