Pane chero chinhu chatingaite kuti tisarasikirwe nekuita kwakawanda kubva kuMeltdown uye Specter zvigamba?

Intel yaida kuregera izvozvo Kunyungudika uye Specter raive dambudziko rake, akabva agadzirisa uye akataura chirevo kuruzhinji kwaakadoma AMD neARM sevashandi vetekinoroji vaaishanda navo kugadzirisa dambudziko uye nenzira iyoyo vanovaratidzawo, asi zvese ARM ne AMD hazvina kudaro yakakanganiswa nekuda kwekukuvadzwa uku seIntel, nekuti Meltdown inenge yakasarudzika kune Intel microprocessors (uye mamwe maARM) uye Specter inokanganisa mamwe ma microprocessors, asi kwete padanho rakaenzana uye Intel inotora chikamu chakaipisisa.

Vakakurumidzawo kutaura izvozvo kurasikirwa kwekuita ingangove iribe nil, ivo vashandisi vaisazozviona mushure mekuisa zvigamba. Uye ichokwadi kuti hapana kurasikirwa kunoshamisa sekutarisirwa kwazvinoitika zvakawanda, asi ichokwadi kuti zvinoenderana nechizvarwa chechipu chako kurasikirwa kwacho kunogona kuve kushoma kana kwakanyanya. Vakatozviziva uye ikozvino vatove nekuita bvunzo nemabenchmarks ekuverenga kurasikirwa kwaungave nako muIntel mushure mekuisa zvigamba zvinoenderana pane yako system, uye kunyangwe bvunzo dzikaitwa neMicrosoft Windows, yeLinux uye mamwe masisitimu akadai seMacOS achave akafanana ...

Inofungidzirwa mashandiro ekurasikirwa ...

Sezvandinotaura, kuti 30% kurasikirwa kwekuita hakuna kuita senge izvozvo, zvirinani mune yazvino CPU mhando dzakaburitswa. Ndichiri iyo yechinyakare chip yako inowedzera kurasikirwa kwekuita Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunatsiridza pamwe neMeltdown uye Specter zvigamba. Bvunzo dzinoitwa neIntel dzinofanirwa kutorwa nezvimedu, sezvo ndichifunga kuti mabenchmarks akasarudzwa anobatsira mugadziri uye haana kuiswa mune yakaipisisa kesi, mukuwedzera zviyero zvakaitwa zvichitarisa mashandisiro ezuva nezuva anoshandiswa nepakati , asi sekuziva kwako zvichienderana nesoftware inogona kusiyana.

Intel yaitawo imwe kubiridzira yezviyero, uye ndizvo shandisa SSD dhiraivha mune zvese zvishandiso zvaakashandisa, chimwe chinhu chingave chimwe chekuvandudza kwatinogona kuzviita isu kurwisa kukanganiswa. Ehe, kana tikachinja HDD yeSSD, kumhanyisa yekumhanyisa kwekupedzisira kwaizokurumidza uye kudururwa kweTBB kwaizoreva kurasikirwa kwakaderera pane izvo zvinogona kupihwa zvakajairika hard disk. Naizvozvo, kana iwe uine HDD iyo data kubva kuiyi Intel bvunzo ine tariro uye haufanire kutarisira kuwana iyo data kubva kune aya mabhenji. Pamusoro pezvo, bvunzo hadzina kuitwa nemhando dzese asi dzakasarudza imwe yechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe, ndinofungidzira kuti vakasarudza zvakare idzo dzinoratidza data rakanakisa remufananidzo wechiratidzo.

Migumisiro anga ari:

• Intel Core 8th Generation (Kaby Lake uye Coffe Lake): Inofungidzirwa kuti avhareji yemaitiro ekuita angave 6% yezviitiko zvakawanda uye mumashandisirwo ewebhu senge kuitwa kweJavaScript kodhi iwe unogona kuona kurasikirwa kusvika kusvika gumi%
• Intel Core 7th Chizvarwa (Kaby Lake-H): pano yezvikumbiro zvemuhofisi uye zvimwe mashandiro acho aigona kudonha ne7%, poindi imwe chete kupfuura yenyaya yapfuura uye nenyaya yekushandisa webhu zvaizowedzerawo zvishoma zvichienzaniswa neyechisere
• 6th Chizvarwa Intel Core (Skylake-S): kutenderedza 8% kazhinji… Asi imwe bvunzo inonzi Kupindura kubva kuSYSMark 2014 SE yakaona kurasikirwa kusvika kusvika 79% kunyangwe uchishandisa SSD.
• Intel pamberi peizvi: Zvakanaka, hapana kuyedzwa kwakaitwa panguva ino, zvirinani kwete kuruzhinji, asi nechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera mamwe maratidziro ezvakaonekwa mune matatu ekupedzisira, nekuti matatu ekupedzisira anofanirwa kunge ari iwo kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kushoma. Ko zvakadii nezve ma processor kubva makore gumi apfuura semuenzaniso? Tichaona kupindura kwevashandisi ...

Nemitoro yebasa yakaedzwa neIntel kurasikirwa ndiko kune aya mazera, asi ...uye nemitoro yepamusoro yebasa? Ini ndinofunga pachave nekukakavadzana kubva kuvashandisi vasinganyadziswe munguva pfupi. Ehezve, vatambi vanogona kunge vakadzikama zvishoma nekuti mitambo yemavhidhiyo haidi kuwanda kwakanyanya kune iyo system yekushanda kwavo, kudonha kwekuita kwavo hakuonekwe uye kunogona kuve kwakatenderedza 2% uye iyo FPS haina kukuvara.

Maitiro ekuvandudza mashandiro kubva kune epanyama maonero?

Kana ari Hardware tinogona kuisa mari shoma kubhadhara kurasikirwa kwekuita:

• CPU: tinogona kukwidziridza iyo CPU kune imwe yazvino modhi kana socket yedu uye chipset ichichitsigira, nekudaro mhindu kubva mukuisanganisira yazvino michina yemagetsi kana processor ine hukuru hunhu inogona kuvharidzira kurasikirwa uku kwekuita, kunyangwe zviri pachena kuti yakafanana neyawakamboita chip, nyowani ichavawo nekurasikirwa kwekuita inoenderana neisina kuburitswa system. Chinhu chine musoro chaisazove chekugadzirisa iyo microprocessor kunze kwekunge tave neyakwegura uye kurasikirwa kwacho kune mukurumbira uye isu tatova isu takatemerwa kuti tifunge nezve shanduko.
• RAM: kuwedzera kuyeuka kwe RAM kwaisazokuvadza kana, nekuti isu taigona kukwidziridza mashandiro zvishoma uye kuita kuti kurasikirwa kwekuita kuve nyore. Mune ino kesi, pamwe ndeyeavo vane microprocessor yazvino uye vasingade kuichinja asi kuburitswa kwemari isina kuwanda tinogona kufananidza module nyowani nekudzivirira kushandiswa kwechipiri memory (SWAP) kuchengeta maitiro data uye kuti iyo microprocessor inotora yakatowanda macircule kubuda kubva kuTLB.
• Dhivha yakaoma: Inogona zvakare kuve sarudzo yakanaka yekuisa SSD mumidziyo yedu, izvi zvichavandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro nekudzora zvakanyanya nguva yekuwana kune ino ndangariro maererano neHDDs. Ndicho chikonzero mashandiro anoita nemaSDD achange ari mashoma, ndosaka Intel akavashandisa kuita bvunzo. Unogona kugara uchisiya HDD yako sedhisiki re data uye SSD ye software.
• Kupfuura: Chero bedzi iwe uchiziva zvauri kuita, pamwe ikozvino inguva yakanaka yekubheja pamusoro pekuwedzeredza system yako kuti utore mazana mashoma megahertz yakavhurwa muCPU yako ... Asi usakanganwa kuti izvi zvinogona kuburitsa kugadzikana matambudziko mune mamwe machipisi uye kunyanya iwe unofanirwa kunatsiridza kutonhora, saka izvi zvakare zvinoreva mutengo wehupfumi.

Zvechokwadi hapana shanduko yehardware yakachipa kwazvo, uye kana isu tichida kudzoreredza chikamu chezviitwa, isu tinofanirwa kushandisa mari. Zviripachena havazi vese vashandisi vanofanirwa kuita izvi, chete avo avo kuita kwavo kwakakosha. Zvakare, kana yako CPU iri yezvizvarwa zvichangoburwa, iwe unoona kuti kurasikirwa kwacho hakuna kukura zvakanyanya, uye iwe unofanirwa kungofunga shanduko yezvinhu kana chako chishandiso chiri chekare kana kana iko kunyorera kwaunoshandisa kuchiona zvakanyanya kukuvadza kwezvimedu dhatabhesi, nezvimwe.

Nzira yekuvandudza software kuita?

Kurasa mari yakatarwa yekubata yedu Hardware isu tinofanirwa kuzvibvunza isu kuti kana nechero Hardware yatinayo tinogona kuita chimwe chinhu mune yedu GNU / Linux kugovera kuitira kuti kurasikirwa kwekuita kusanyatso kuoneka. Mhinduro ndeyekuti tinogona kuita chimwe chinhu uye chero maitiro ekuti pakushandura marongero kunogona kubatsira kuita. Uye zvirokwazvo kumwe kwekugadzirisa uku iwe unotoziva kare:

• AMD: Kana iwe uine AMD CPU iwe unofanirwa kudzivirira zvigamba, kunyangwe iyi iri njodzi, nekuti machipisi aya haana kunyatsosununguka paSpecter asi ichokwadi kuti njodzi yakaderera zvakanyanya nekuda kwekusiyana kwekuvaka pakati peIntel ne AMD ... Zvisinei Nokukurumidza kana gare gare kernel inosvika mauri watove neaya ma serial patches uye zvingave zvisina kunaka kushandisa kernel pasina kugadzirisa kune mamwe matambudziko anogona. Yakanakisa ndeyekugadzirisa mashandiro ekudzima izvi pane mamwe maCPU ...
• swappiness: Ini handidi kunyanya kubata kernel paramende maererano neCache Pressure, asi isu tinogona kugadzirisa iyo Swappiness kunyanya kana tiine HDD, nekuti mune kesi yekuve neSSD mutsauko unenge uri mushoma. Iko kukosha kweSwappines kunokonzeresa iyo kernel kugadzirisa iyo yekutanga yekushandisa RAM / SWAP. Iko kukosha kwe0 kana yakaderera zvinoreva kuti iyo SWAP haizoshandiswe zvakanyanya saka ichabatsira zvishoma kubva pakurasikirwa kwekuita mushure mekuisa iyo Specter neMeltdown zvigamba. Nekudaro, zvingave zvinokurudzirwa kuve nehombe RAM kuitira kuti danho iri risatapure mashandiro kune rimwe divi. Kana iwe uine yakanaka RAM inokwanisa uye HDD, dzivirira tsika dzakakwirira kana padyo ne100 nekuti ivo vanozoshandisa zvakanyanya iyo swap SWAP partition uye vachasiya iyo RAM isina chinhu, saka zvinotora nguva yakareba kuwana data uye mirairo yakachengetwa ipapo . Kuti uone kukosha kwazvino kweSwappiness yako tinogona kushandisa katsi concatenator uye kugadzirisa iyo sysctl kukosha, semuenzaniso kuisa 10% kushandiswa kweiyo SWAP uye 90% yeiyo RAM:

cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

sysctl -w vm.swappiness=10

• Shandisa lightweight desktop desktop kana kuendesa zvachose neyakaenzanisirwa nharaunda, pese pazvinogoneka uye mushandisi achinzwa kugadzikana nemavara modhi, iri mhinduro yakasimba asi iyo inobatsira zvakanyanya mukuita. Kana mune yako kesi iwe usiri kuda kusiya mabhenefiti ema GUI, unogona kusarudza isina kureruka distro. Rangarira kuti chero basa rekutakura raunotora rinoreva mahara zviwanikwa zvinogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinangwa.
• Uye nezvandakataura mundima yapfuura kuti nditaurewo zano rakanaka kumisa madhimoni aya kubva masevhisi atisingashandise. Izvi hazvingogadzirise mashandiro chete, asiwo chengetedzo. Iwo wekuuraya rairo inogona zvakare kuve shamwari yako yekuuraya zvisina basa maitiro.
• Kana iwe usingazive maitiro ekugadzirisa SELinux zvirinani kusaishandisa, sarudza dzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza. Kunyangwe ichivandudza kuchengetedzeka zvakanyanya asi inorema kwazvo, uye kana isina kugadzirirwa zvisiri izvo inogona kunge isingakoshe kurasikirwa kukuru kwekuita kwaigona kufungidzira.
• Nguva dzose nyora software kubva kunobvaIwe unogona zvakare kushandisa yakananga compiler mireza kukwidziridza iwo mirairo kune yako chaiyo CPU, iyo ichavandudza mashandiro.
• Gadzira kernel sechiedza sezvinobvira kubvisa iwo ese madhairekita atisingashandise kuti tirege kuburitsa mufananidzo wakakura kwazvo, uye kana vari vechipiri, musamaka kuitira kuti vabatanidzwe mukati meiyo kenel, asi semamojuru. Sarudzo dzekumisidzana dzakanangana neCUU iyo iwe yaunowana mune iyo config inogona zvakare kugadzirisa basa zvakanyanya.
• Sarudza yakanaka faira system:
  • btrfs: yakanaka kuita kwese, kunyangwe zvirinani pane ext4 saka ichave iri yakanyanya kunaka sarudzo.
  • ext4: yakanaka kuita kwese.
  • JFS: Inoita mashoma CPU kushandiswa, saka iri sarudzo yekufunga.
  • XFS: kana iwe ukabata akakurisa mafaera, senge dhatabhesi ndiyo ichave yakanyanya kunaka sarudzo yekuita kwayo. Kune rimwe divi, kune akajairika mushandisi zvinogona kukuvadza nekuti mashandiro ayo anonyanya kuwedzera nemafaira madiki.
  • ReiserFS: inopesana neiyo yapfuura, kuita kwakanaka kwemafaira madiki.
• Ini handikupi zano iwe kuti uchengetedze RAM ndangariro nzvimbo uye kukanda imwe mhando yeFS ipapo senge imwe nzira kune SSD kana kurodha iyo / tmp ipapo, nekuti ichokwadi kuti ichavandudza nguva yekuwana yeiyo data yakachengetwa imomo asi zvakare inoshandisa yakawanda CPU. Saka dzivisa urwu rwekudzidzira kana kushandisa compcache, nezvimwe.
• Kunewo zvakare performance-enhancing software yeedu system, saka zvingave zvakanaka kushandisa software yekuchengetedza iyi nguva nenguva kubatsira kuvandudza mashandiro. Semuenzaniso verynice ... Uye ikozvino zvandanyora zita iri ini ndangorangarira mirairo senge Nice, renice uye ionice iyo inogona kunyanya kukosha mune idzi kesi. Takatotaura nezvavo muLxA.
• Kunewo zvakare tricks pamhepo pamapurogiramu akasiyana, kana iwe ukashandisa chero kazhinji unogona kutsvaga matanho aya kuti akurumidze. Semuenzaniso weFirefox, LibreOffice, SSH, nezvimwe.

Usakanganwa kusiya yako makomendi, kusahadzika kana mazano...