Desktops inotitendera kudyidzana nekombuta kuburikidza nemifananidzo inobvumira maapplication kutangwa.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuvhiringa avo vanotanga kufarira Linux ndeye hyperabundance yesarudzo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda haparatidziki kuva nemisiyano mikuru pakati pavo. Ndicho chikonzero, munyaya dzino dzakatevedzana, tiri kutarisa kune zvakakosha kuitira kuti, kana ukasarudza kutora danho, zviri nyore kuita sarudzo.
Mune ino post ini ndichakuudza kuti GNOME chii. Ndiyo yechipiri yekare desktop desktop munyika yeLinux uye inoramba iri imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa. Ehe, sekune zvese zviri munyika yemahara software, ine vatsigiri vakasimba uye vadzivisi vakatsamwa.
Chii chinonzi desktop nharaunda
Iyo desktop nharaunda (Desktop kubva zvino zvichienda kwenguva pfupi) ndiyo inotibvumira kutaurirana nekombuta kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemifananidzo. Izvi zviri kushandisa zvinhu zvakaita sembeva, kiyibhodhi, mahwendefa emifananidzo kana zvidzitiro zvinobata zvinhu zvakaita semahwindo, zvidhori, maturusi, mapikicha uye desktop widget.
Widget ndeye yakaganhurirwa-chinangwa graphical application senge Calculator kana timer inoiswa padesktop kumashure kana mubhara rekushandisa kuti uwane nyore uye nekusingaperi.
Kunyangwe ivo vasiri chikamu chedesktop pachayo, vagadziri vanowanzovaperekedza nemamwe maapplication akaoma senge vhidhiyo edhita, masutu ehofisi, vatengi veBitTorrent kana mapakeji maneja. Kunyangwe izvi zvikumbiro zvisingawanzo kuwanikwa mukugoverwa kweLinux anoshandisa aya matafura
Iwo akasiyana desktops anogona kusiyaniswa ne
- Izvo zvikamu zvesoftware zvakashandiswa kuvaka: Mumakomputa zvakajairika kushandisa kushandiswa kwemaraibhurari. Maraibhurari masoftware maapplication anoita chaiwo mabasa akajairika kune akasiyana mapurogiramu. Semuenzaniso, iyo GNOME, Cinnamon uye Xfce desktops inoshandisa GTK graphical raibhurari nepo KDE neLXQt vachishandisa Qt graphical raibhurari.
- Resource kushandiswa: Mamwe ma desktops anoitirwa kuve minimalist nepo mamwe aine akawanda maitiro ekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinoona kuti ndeapi makomputa uye saizi yescreen yavanogona kushandiswa pairi.
- Chitarisiko: Ndinoyeuka imwe nyaya kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore raikurudzira kuti dhesiki rive rakapengenuka sesero remamongi. Hapana mapikicha uye akakosha icons. Handizive kuti munyori wemadhesiki anhasi akaremerwa achafungei, asi chokwadi ndechekuti rimwe nerimwe rawo rine hunhu hwekuona hunoita kuti huzivikanwe. Kune izvi isu tinofanirwa kuwedzera magadzirirwo anoitwa imwe neimwe yekugovera kuti ienderane nemaitiro avo uye magadzirirwo evashandisi vanokwikwidza mumatiweki kuratidza kuti ndiani ane anoyevedza.
A bit of history
Iyo GNOME desktop software centre inotibvumira kuwana zviri nyore, kuisa uye kusunungura zvikumbiro.
Chinhu chinoda kuziva nezve kutaridzika kwematafura munyika yekombuta yega ndeyekuti haana kubva muruoko rwevagadziri vemakomputa asi kubva kune imwe yemafotokopi.
Iyo Xerox kambani, ichitarisira kuti zvinyorwa zvemagetsi zvichatsiva bepa munguva pfupi iri kutevera, vakasarudza kugadzira marabhoritari yaizovabvumira kutungamira mune hutsva hutsva. Akaitumidza kuti Palo Alto Research Center kana Xerox PARC nokuda kwechidimbu chayo muChirungu.
Yekutanga Xerox Park kuvandudzwa yaive laser printer. Zvisinei, kuti ishandise kugona kwayo kwakazara, chimwe chinhu chaidiwa chakanga chisipo. Komputa ine graphical interface. Ndosaka muna 1973 vakabudisa kombiyuta yavo vamene; kureba.
Sikirini yekombuta iyi yaienderana nekukura uye kutaridzika kwebepa rakadhindwa, pixel yega yega yaigona kubatidzwa nekudzimwa yega. Alto akauya nekhibhodi uye mbeva yaifambisa cursor muchimiro chemuseve diagonally, kunyangwe izvi zvakachinja zvichienderana nebasa rakaitwa.
Midziyo yakauya nemapurogiramu maviri; izwi processor rine mamenu pazasi uye kugona kuratidza mafonti akasiyana uye saizi yemafonti pachiratidziri, uye graphic editor yakafanana neanozivikanwa MS Paint.
Nekufamba kwenguva, PARC yaizogadzira yakaomesesa interface inozivikanwa seSmartTalk. Mariri, mahwindo akazvimiririra akaumbwa nemuganhu uye akamira kunze kubva kumashure akaonekwa kekutanga.. Mumwe nemumwe wavo aive nemusoro pabhawa repamusoro rairatidza uye raibvumira kuti ifambiswe pahwindo. Windows yaigona kupindirana uye iyo yakasarudzwa yakaiswa pamusoro peiyo stack. Zvimwe zvikamu zvakaratidzawo kuti nezvakasiyana zvinotsanangura kuti GNOME desktop chii nhasi; iyeIcons (Mifananidzo midiki yemifananidzo inomiririra chirongwa kungave nekuzivisa basa rayo, kuratidza chiratidzo chayo, kana mascot eprojekiti), pop-up menyu, mipumburu mabhatani, mabhatani eredhiyo, uye dialog mabhokisi.
Pfungwa iyi yakateedzerwa neApple yeMacintosh uye gare gare neMicrosoft.
Kusvika kwedesktop kuLinux
Iyo GNOME desktop inotsigira chaiwo desktops uye inobvumidza iwe kuratidza ese akavhurika application windows.
Yekutanga Linux kugovera yanga isina desktop pachayo asi maneja wehwindo iyo yaitungamirira kuvaratidza uye kubvumira mabasa anokosha akadai sekufambisa, kuvhara kana kuderedza. Nekudaro, kutaridzika kweWindows 95, yekutanga sisitimu yekushandisa kuve nedesktop ine maficha atinotora seasingakoshi nhasi, akatungamira Linux vanogadzira kuti vade kutora nhanho kumberi.
Muna 1996 KDE 1.0 inooneka. Yakagadzirwa naMatthias Ettrich aida kubvisa kusapindirana pakati peakasiyana graphical application uye nekuabatanidza mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika desktop. Havasi vese vakabvumirana nepfungwa iyi uye vakatomutumira maemail vachiratidza kuti kana achida desktop atenge Mac.
Yekutanga KDE yaiita seWindows 95. Yaiva nemhando yetaskbar pazasi peskirini yaiita seMenu yekutanga uye yaive nezvidimburiko zvakasiyana kumaapplication. Iyo yaitsigira chaiwo desktops uye inoshanda maapplication anogona kuwanikwa nekudzvanya pamabhatani ari pamusoro pechidzitiro.
Zvisinei, hazvisi zvose zvakanga zvakakwana. KDE yaive yakavakirwa paQt tool raibhurari yaigona kushandiswa mahara kumapurojekiti esoftware emahara, asi yaifanira kubhadharirwa mumashandisirwo ekutengesa. Izvi zvakaita kugovera kweLinux kwakawanda, kutya mhosva, kuzeza kusanganisa nharaunda nyowani.
Kugadzirisa izvi, Muna 1997 Miguel de Icaza naFederico Mena vakatanga kushanda paLinux desktop itsva inonzi GNOME. inomirira GNU Network Object Modelling Environment. GNOME yakatenderedza matambudziko eKDE nekuvimba neimwe raibhurari inonzi GTK yakagadziridzwa yeGimp mufananidzo mupepeti. Gnome yakabudiswa muna 1999.
Chii chinonzi GNOME desktop
Kutanga muna 2010, vanogadzira software uye Hardware vakabatikana nekusangana, kureva, zvishandiso zvinogona kushandura kuita smartphones kana desktops zvichienderana nenharaunda yavanoshanda mairi. Izvi zvaireva kuti iyo desktop uye mushandisi interface yemashandisirwo aifanira kuchinjika kune diki skrini yenharembozha kana piritsi uye kune hombe skrini. chemonita. Shanduko iyi yakakonzera kugadziridzwazve kwema desktops, kutanga neWindows pachayo, iyo yakaburitsa vhezheni yayo ine gakava 8.
Muna 2011 GNOME yakave neshanduko huru inoramba iripo nanhasi. Chinangwa chitsva chakave chekugadzira yakapfava uye yakakwenenzverwa desktop chiitiko, ichibvumira vashandisi kuti vatarise pabasa ravo. Yaenda iyo bhaa yebasa, ichisiya panzvimbo yayo bhaa yepamusoro kumusoro kwechidzitiro uko vhoriyamu netiweki uye masimba ekutonga aripo. Kufambisa mbeva kukona yekumusoro kuruboshwe kunounza menyu inoratidza kupinda kune anonyanya kushandiswa maapplication uye bhatani rinopa mukana kune mamwe ese. Panguva imwecheteyo ese akavhurwa maapplication anoratidzwa mune akasiyana windows uye kuwana kune yechipiri desktop.
GNOME Shell Extensions
Mawedzero anogadzirisa kana kuwedzera kushanda kwebrowser.
Iyo mushandisi interface inopa mabasa makuru eiyo GNOME mushandisi interface, sekuchinja windows uye kuvhura maapplication, inonzi Shell.
Mawedzero zvimedu zvidiki zvekodhi yakanyorwa nevechitatu-bato vagadziri vanogadzirisa uye/kana kuwedzera mashandiro anoita GNOME.. Ivo vanoita nenzira yakafanana kune web browser plug-ins.
GNOME zvikumbiro
Iyo GNOME desktop inoperekedzwa nenhevedzano yezvikumbiro izvo, sezvatakataura, zvinogona kana kusauya zvakaiswa mukugovera Linux; zvimwe zvacho ndezvi:
- Calculator.
- Vhidhiyo inoridza.
- Rythmbox mimhanzi yekuunganidza maneja.
- Bhokisi virtual muchina maneja.
- Meteorology.
- Karenda.
- Mamepu
Simba uye kushaya simba
Henry Ford anotendwa kuti, “Tichapa vanhu chero mhando yemota yavanoda, chero vachida kuti iite nhema uye ine madhoo mana. Chimwe chinhu chakafanana chinoitika neGNOME desktop.
Inopa inowirirana uye yakagadzika mushandisi ruzivo, ine yakakura yekuwanika sarudzo uye yakanaka ecosystem yemashandisirwo. Asi, haisi iyo yakanyanya kunaka kana zvasvika pakushandisa zviwanikwa kana kugadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, unogona kukanganwa nezvezvidhori pane desktop.
MuGNOME unoshandisa zvavanokupa, shandura kodhi kana kutsvaga imwe desktop.
Pane zvakawanda zvakagoverwa zvinoisanganisira mune yayo yekutanga kana yakagadziridzwa vhezheni. Mazano angu pachedu maviri; Fedora iyo inowanzounza iyo yazvino vhezheni uye Manjaro nekuti mugadziri wayo ane hushamwari anoita kuti ive yakakodzera vashandisi vatsva.