Kana gore rangosiiwa, zvinokwanisika kuongorora kuti ndeapi anga ari yakanakisa kugoverwa kweGNU / Linux kwe2021. Kunyangwe, sezvandinowanzo kutaura, inyaya yekuravira uye kuti mushandisi wega wega anonzwa akasununguka, heano akanyanya kunaka ekubatsira kusarudza asina kusarudzwa, kana vashandisi vachangosvika munyika yeLinux distros vasingazive zvakanyanya. why one one kutanga.
Ndeipi yakanyanya kunaka distro? (Zvinotarisirwa)
Hapana anonyatsokodzera munhu wese. Iyo yakanakisa Linux kugovera ndiyo yaunonzwa yakanyanya kugadzikana nayo, ingave Gentoo, Arch, kana Slackware. Hazvina mhosva kuti zvakaoma sei kana zvisingawanzoitiki, kana uchida, enda mberi. Nekudaro, vamwe vashandisi vasina kusarudzwa kana vatsva kuLinux nyika, vanoda gwara, referensi yekusarudza kubva.
Kune vashandisi vanoda imwe kurudziro uye vanobva kune mamwe masisitimu anoshanda, unogona kuona zvinyorwa izvi:
Nzira yekusarudza distro yakanaka
Kana usina chokwadi, zviri nani kuongorora mamwe ma paramita kana maitiro eLinux distros. The mapoinzi akakosha maunofanirwa kutarisisa kuti usarudze zvakanakisa Ndizvo:
- Kugadzikana uye kugadzikanaKana iwe uchitsvaga iyo inoshanda sisitimu yekushandisa mukugadzira, iwe zvechokwadi haudi kutambisa nguva nebugs kana matambudziko. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kusarudza yakanyanya kusimba uye yakagadzikana distros inoshanda seSwiss wachi. Mimwe mienzaniso yakanaka ndeye Arch, Debian, Ubuntu, openSUSE, uye Fedora.
- Chengetedzo: chengetedzo haigone kushaikwa, inyaya yakakosha. Vazhinji veLinux distros vanoremekedza kuvanzika kwako zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe masisitimu anoshanda, sezvo vasingataure data remushandisi, kana kupa sarudzo yekusadaro. Kunyangwe GNU / Linux iri yakachengeteka base system, usavimbe nayo, macybercriminals ari kuwedzera kutarisisa iyi system uye kune yakawanda uye yakawanda malware inoikanganisa. Naizvozvo, kana iwe uchizosarudza distro yekambani kana sevha, ichi chinofanira kunge chiri chekutanga chiyero. Vamwe vakaita seSUSE, RHEL, CentOS, nezvimwe zvinogona kunge zvakanaka sevha kesi. Uye iwe zvakare une mamwe mapurojekiti akatarisana nekuchengetedza senge Whonix, QubeOS, TAILS, nezvimwe.
- Kugarisana uye kutsigirwa-Iyo Linux kernel inotsigira akawanda ezvivakwa zvakasiyana, senge x86, ARM, RISC-V, nezvimwe. Nekudaro, havasi vese distros vanopa iyi rutsigiro zviri pamutemo. Naizvozvo, kana iwe uchizoshandisa kugovera mune imwe dhizaini yekuvaka, zvakakosha kuti iwe uone kana ivo kana vasina rutsigiro rwakadaro. Kune rumwe rutivi, pane nyaya yevatyairi uye software inoenderana. Muchiitiko ichocho, Ubuntu uye distros yakavakirwa pairi ndiyo "mambokadzi", sezvo kune akawanda mapakeji uye madhiraivha ayo (ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa).
- Chikamu: Kunyangwe iwo akajairwa mapakeji achifanira kunge ari RPM, sekutsanangurwa kwazvakaitwa muLBS, chokwadi ndechekuti kugovaniswa kwakakurumbira seUbuntu kwakaita kuti DEB ive yekutanga. Nekuuya kwemapakeji epasirese, mamwe matambudziko akagadziriswa, asi kana iwe uchida kuve nehuwandu hukuru hwesoftware, ingave maapplication kana mitambo yemavhidhiyo, yakanakisa sarudzo ndeye DEB uye Ubuntu.
- usability: izvi hazvienderane nekugovera pachayo, asi padesktop nharaunda, uye kune zvimwe zvikamu zvakaita sepakeji maneja, ingave ine zvishandiso zvinofambisa hutungamiri seizvo zvinosanganisirwa muLinux Mint, kana YaST 2 mu openSUSE / SUSE. , nezvimwewo. Kunyangwe, kazhinji, kugovera kwazvino kunowanzo kuve kuri nyore uye kushamwaridzana, kunze kwezvishoma ...
- Chiedza vs chinorema: ma distros mazhinji emazuva ano anowanzo kurema, kureva kuti, anoda zvimwe zviwanikwa zvehardware kana kungo tsigira 64-bit. Pane kudaro, kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakareruka dzedesktop dzakadai seKDE Plasma (iyo "yakatetepa" nguva pfupi yadarika uye haisisiri iyo inorema desktop yaive), LXDE, Xfce, nezvimwe, pamwe chete kuparadzirwa kwakareruka zvakaitirwa makomputa ekare kana nezviwanikwa zvishoma.
- Zvimwe zvinhu: Chimwe chinhu chekufunga nezvako zvaunofarira kana zvaunofarira kune mamwe masisitimu. Semuyenzaniso:
- SELinux (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL,…) vs AppArmor (Ubuntu, SUSE, openSUSE, Debian…)
- systemd (yakawanda) vs SysV init (Devuan, Void, Gentoo, Knoppix,…)
- FHS (yakawanda) vs vamwe vakaita seGoboLinux.
- etc.
Nezvo zvataurwa, huya enda kune iyo rondedzero inovandudzwa gore rino...
Yakanakisa Linux distros 2021
Sezvo mune chinyorwa cheyakanakisa distros ye2020, gore rino varikowo Featured mapurojekiti kuti iwe uzive:
Debian
Debian ndeimwe yekare Linux distros uye inoshanda sehwaro hwekumwe kugovera kwakawanda seUbuntu. Kekutanga distro iyi yakaburitswa muna 1993, uye kubvira ipapo yakaramba iripo nharaunda huru izvo zvinoenderera mberi nekukura kwavo nguva dzose. Uye, kunyangwe pakutanga yaive yeziso yaiitirwa vashandisi vepamberi, zvishoma nezvishoma yave hushamwari uye nyore kushandisa.
Kugoverwa uku yakawana kuzivikanwa kwakawanda, uye inodiwa chaizvo neGNU / Linux veterans. Iyo yakasimba chaizvo, yakagadzikana, uye yakachengeteka mega purojekiti, ine nhamba isingaperi yemapakeji esoftware aripo uye DEB-based package maneja. Izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakanaka kugovera kune ese ari maviri desktop uye maseva.
Solus
Solus OS chimwe chirongwa chinonakidza chine Linux kernel. Izvi zvaizovawo pakati pezvakanakisa kugoverwa kwe2021. Chirongwa chakatanga neEvolve OS, uye chakazova Solus. Yakaunzwa senge sisitimu yekushandisa yekushandisa wega, ichitarisa kune iyo chikamu maererano nemapakeji auchawana mune ayo ezvinyorwa, achisiya parutivi bhizinesi kana server software.
Yekutanga Solus kuburitswa yakaitwa muna 2015, uye parizvino inoonekwa seyakanaka distro. yakagadzikana uye iri nyore kwazvo kushandisa. Uye, semamwe akawanda distros, unogona kusarudza iyo Budgie, GNOME, KDE Plasma, kana MATE desktop nharaunda sezvaunoda.
Zorin OS
Zorin OS zvakare inofanirwa kunge iripo mune rondedzero yeakanakisa distros. A distro yakavakirwa paUbuntu uye ine nyore-kushandisa-desktop nharaunda uye nemakanika akafanana kuMicrosoft Windows. Saizvozvo, inoitirwa vanotanga kushandura kubva kuWindows kuenda kuLinux.
Iyi distro yakatangwa muna 2009 neDublin-based company Zorin OS Company, inochengeta chimwe chakavanzika chikuru, mukuwedzera kune kuchengeteka, simba, kukurumidza uye kuremekedza kuvanzika kwevashandisi. Uye ndezvekuti inobvumira vashandisi mhanyisa yekuzvarwa Windows software zviri pachena kumushandisi. Uye zvakare, iwe unogona kusarudza pakati akati wandei editions, akadai seCore uye Lite, ayo emahara, uye iyo Pro, inobhadharwa.
Manjaro
Arch Linux ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa distros, asi munhu wese anoziva kuti haisi yevashandisi vatsva kuLinux. Zvisinei, pane purojekiti Manjaro, yakavakirwa paArch, asi iri nyore uye ine hushamwari kune vashandisi vasingadi matambudziko mazhinji.
Uku kugovera zvakare kunoramba kuchishandiswa iyo pacman package maneja, seArch Linux, uye inouya neGNOME desktop nharaunda, pakati pevamwe.
vhura
Ehe, iyo openSUSE purojekiti haigone kushaikwa kubva pane rondedzero yeakanakisa kugovera kwegore. Ichi chimwe chezvirongwa zvine nharaunda yakasimba uye nerutsigiro rwemakambani akaita se AMD neSUSE. Is distro inomira kunze kwekusimba kwayo uye nekuti iri nyore kushandisa, kune ese marudzi evashandisi.
Unogona kusarudza pakati pezviviri zvekurodha:
- Kune rimwe divi une vhuraSUSE Tumbleweed, inova distro inoteedzera rolling yekuburitsa maitiro ebudiriro, ine zvinogara zvichigadziridzwa.
- Imwe ndeye svhuraSUSE Leap, iyo inoitirwa vashandisi vane hunyanzvi vanoda yazvino tsigiro yehardware uye neazvino vhezheni. Uyezve, zvinotevera Jump pfungwa, kusanganisa openSUSE backports uye SUSE Linux Enterprise binaries.
Fedora
Fedora is distro inotsigirwa neRed Hat sezvamunoziva. Zviri nyore kushandisa uye zvakatsiga. Iyo ine DNF package maneja, yakavakirwa paRPM mapakeji. Iwe unogona kuwana nhamba huru yemapakeji akafanomisikidzwa, uye mamwe akawanda akaputirwa kune ino system.
Kekutanga Fedora yakaburitswa muna 2003 uye kubva ipapo yagara iri pakati pekugovera kwakanyanya kwegore rega rega. Uyezve, kana uchida 3D kudhinda, distro iyi ndeimwe yeavo vane rutsigiro rwakanyanya kwairi.
chepakutangaOS
Imwe yeaya distros iyo inowira murudo neziso rakashama nokuda kwechitarisiko chayo ndiyo yekutangaOS. Iyo inoshanda sisitimu yakavakirwa paUbuntu LTS uye yakagadziridzwa neElementary Inc. Yakagadzirirwa kuve nenzvimbo inotaridzika yakafanana neye macOS, saka inogona kuva kutanga kwakanaka kune vanosvika kubva kuApple system.
Shandisa a custom desktop environment inonzi PantheonInokurumidza, yakavhurika, inoremekedza kuvanzika, ine akawanda mapakeji aripo, ari nyore kushandisa, uye anoyevedza. Uye, hongu, inosanganisira kuwanda kwe pre-yakaiswa maapplication kuitira kuti usarasikirwe chero chinhu.
MX Linux
MX Linux inoonekwawo seimwe yeakanakisa Linux kugovera. Yakavakirwa paDebian uye yakabudiswa kekutanga muna 2014. Kubva ipapo, chirongwa ichi chakakonzera kutaura kwakawanda, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. ipa chiitiko chiri nyore kune vashandisi vekutanga.
Yakatanga sechirongwa mukati meMEPIS nharaunda iyo yakabatanidzwa neantiX yebudiriro. Uye, pakati pezvinhu zvinoshamisa zveiyi distro, iwe unowana zviri nyore GUI-yakavakirwa maturusi ekugadzirisa nyore, senge yakareruka graphical installer, graphical system yekushandura kernel, chishandiso chekutora snapshots, nezvimwe.
Ubuntu
Ehe, mune rondedzero ine akanakisa Linux kugovera Ubuntu haungamboshaikwa, sezvo Canonical's distro iri imwe yevanofarira. Izvo zvakavakirwa paDebian, asi kubvira pakatanga chirongwa ichi ivo vakatarisa pakupa iri nyore uye mushandisi-ane hushamwari distro. Iine maflavour akati wandei ekusarudza kubva seUbuntu (GNOME), Kubuntu (KDE Plasma), nezvimwe.
Ane imwe yeakanakisa hardware mounts, pamusoro pekuve nerutsigiro rwesoftware yakanakisa, sezvo iri imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa distros vakawanda vanogadzira chete pasuru yayo. Kune rimwe divi, kuve nevashandisi vakawanda, kune zvakare nharaunda inoshanda zvakanyanya saka iwe unogona kubvunza mibvunzo kana kugadzirisa matambudziko ako.
Linux mint
Chekupedzisira, imwe yeakanakisa Linux kugoverwa ndeye Linux Mint. Iyo yakavakirwa paUbuntu neDebian, ndeyemahara uye inofambiswa nenharaunda yakakura. Iyo ine nhamba yakakura yemapakeji aripo, ayo interface iri nyore kushandisa, uye ine akawanda ezvishandiso zvayo zvekufambisa kushandiswa kwayo uye hurongwa hwekutonga.
Kubva payakatangwa muna 2006. haina kumira kushanduka nekuvandudza. Uye zvechokwadi, iwe unogona zvakare kusarudza akawanda desktop nharaunda.
Linux Mint ndiyo yakanyanya kugovera uye ichave yakanyanya kunyanya kana isingaenderane neUbuntu uye pakupedzisira ivo vanoenda zvakananga neDebian, ndinonzwisisa kuti ichi ndicho chirongwa ndosaka LMDE iripo.
Parizvino FlatPak ndiyo yakanakisa pasuru maneja pamusoro peSnap, inokurumidza, yakachengeteka maapplication, desktop icons haina kurasika uye zvirongwa zvinoramba zvichishanda nekufamba kwenguva uye zvinogadziridzwa nekukurumidza uye ruzivo rwunoita Linux Mint kugovera kwakaringana mune ese marudzi enzvimbo, kunyanya munhu. , dzidzo nebhizimisi.
https://linuxmint.com/
MX Linux (XFCE) !!!!!!
Zvese zvakanaka, zvino, mumaonero angu, zvakanakisa pane zvese zvisipo, NixOS?
zvekuravira kwangu zvinoita seizvi 1 linux mint 2 ubuntu 3 zorin os 4 pop os