Kubva paakazvarwa Linux se kernel, paita makakatanwa, zvinonzi Linus Torvalds Akanga asina chokwadi nezvekupa kernel yake, akazozviita, asi kwete nekuti anga apedza kuzvitendisa iye ega pfungwa stallman asi kuti uwane mhinduro iri nani uye, ndinofunga, kutora mukana weiyo GNU chirongwa.
Ini ndinofunga izvo zvatove mukusanzwisisa kweiyo zvinangwa Isu tanga tatoona mapato maviri mukati meLinux nyika, ari padhuze nekupesana, pamwe neyakarerekera maringe neconservatism, senge socialism maringe ne capitalism. Ndiri kutaura nezve yakavhurwa sosi (yakavhurwa sosi) uye yemahara software.
Vakanga vasina kufanana here?
Ndine urombo kukuudza kuti aiwa, ivo havana kufanana uye mu LXA! Tichakuratidza kuti mutsauko uyu ndeupi:
Chii chinonzi yemahara software?
Icho chidimbu chevanhu ve GNU uye, saka, ye Richard Stallman. Vanoti iyo software inofanira kunge yakasununguka nguva dzoseIvo vanotarisira kuti rimwe zuva software yese ichave yemahara uye inoda kuti vateveri vavo vashandise chete yemahara software uye vasingatenderi kupihwa kweyepfuma software. Marezinesi anotenderwa neFree Software Foundation haatenderi iyo software kodhi kuvharwa zvakare.
Chirevo chavo chemisimboti (vanoichiidza rusununguko rwune) chinotevera:
- Mhanya chirongwa ichi chero chinangwa
- Dzidza uye gadziridza chirongwa
- Kopa chirongwa ichi kuti ugone kubatsira muvakidzani kana chero munhu
- Natsiridza chirongwa uye ubudise zvirinani
Iwo marezinesi anosangana nemaonero aya ndeaya:
- GNU General Ruzhinji Rezinesi (remahara software rezinesi par kugona)
- GNU Chishoma General Ruzhinji Rezinesi (rezinesi rinogona kubatanidzwa kumaraibhurari akavharwa)
- GNU Affero General Ruzhinji Rezinesi (rezinesi rakagadzirirwa webhu kunyorera asi risinganyanyo kufarirwa uye randiri kuyedza kunzwisisa.
- GNU Yemahara Gwaro Rezinesi (Rezinesi remagwaro emahara, inogona kushandiswa zvakakwana mubhurogu uye ndiyo inoshandiswa neWikipedia).
Saka chii chinonzi Open Source?
Vanhu vanofarira open source vane pragmatic kupfuura fungidziro, kana pfungwa dzemahara software dziri padyo naStallman, idzi ndidzo dzepedyo neLinus Torvalds, ivo havana basa kuti rese software iri munyika mahara asi, ivo vanotenda kuti zvingave zvirinani kuve nekodhi kodhi yekuishandura paunoda. Ivo vakasunganidzwa muiyo Open Source Initiative (OSI).
Ivo vanotenda mumisimboti gumi:
- Kugoverwa pachena: software yacho inokwanisa kukwanisa kupihwa zvakasununguka kana kutengeswa.
- Kodhi kodhi- Kodhi kodhi inofanirwa kuverengerwa kana kuwanikwa pachena.
- Mhedzisiro inoshanda: kugoverwa patsva kwekushandurwa kunofanira kubvumidzwa.
- Kuvimbika kwekodhi yekodhi yemunyori- Marezinesi anogona kuda kuti zvigadziriswe kuti zvigoverwazve chete sematehwe.
- Hapana rusarura rwevanhu kana mapoka: hapana anogona kusiiwa.
- Hapana kusarura kwenzvimbo dzekutanga: Vashandisi vebhizinesi havagone kusiiwa.
- Kugovera marezinesi- Kodzero dzakafanana dzinofanira kushanda kune wese munhu anogamuchira chirongwa ichi.
- Rezinesi haifanire kunge yakanangana yechigadzirwa: chirongwa ichi hachigone kupihwa rezinesi chete sechikamu chekuparadzira kukuru.
- Rezinesi haifanire kudzora imwe software: iyo rezinesi haigone kumanikidza kuti chero imwe software inogovaniswa neyakavhurwa software inofanirawo kuvhurwa sosi.
- Rezinesi rinofanirwa kuve zvematongerwo enyika kwazvakarerekera-Kugashira rezinesi pachishandiswa mbeva-tinya kuwana kana neimwe nzira yakanangana nesoftware svikiro haifanire kudikanwa.
¿Vakatarisa kunongedzo 9? Kana iwe waida mutsauko wakajeka pakati pemahara software uye yakavhurwa sosi, ipapo unayo.
La KANA KANA inogamuchira marezinesi e FSF pamwe neseti yevamwe vazhinji marezinesi ayo akavhurwa zvakare.
Zvese izvi zvine basa here?
Ini pachangu, ndinofunga kuti kuziva mutsauko uripakati pezvinzvimbo zviviri izvi zvine basa, ikozvino isu tatoziva kuti munyika yeLinux mune nzvimbo mbiri, kuti kwete zvese zvinhu nhema, zvakare kune grey.
Ndinokusiya une chitaurwa kubva Paolo Colonello (iye musiki weBligoo, chikuva cheku blogga) anochitsanangurira nemaapuro:
Semuenzaniso, mumiriri we Mahara Software pamberi peWindows zvaizotaura chimwe chinhu senge:
"Iyi software haina hunhu, sezvo ini ndisina mvumo yekuona zvazvinoita pakombuta yangu ”uye mudziviriri weiyo Open Source angati "Iyi software ndeye yemhando isina kunaka sezvo vanhu vashoma vakatora chikamu mukusimudzira kwayo uye zvinoenderana nekambani imwechete (Microsoft) kuti ishanduke "
Uri kudivi raani?
Ndinokutendai zvikuru netsananguro yakapusa yamunopa. Ndiri padivi rakavhurika sosi, chokwadi ndechekuti kana ndichifanira kubhadhara software inoita zvandinoda uye hapana chimwe chiri pamusika, hazvo, hazvina basa, inobhadhara. Asi kutanga iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga sarudzo, zvese kuchengetedza homwe yako, uye kuwana zvakanakira musoftware izvo zvisina kuburitswa nekuda kwekushambadzira kudiki kunoitwa nemakambani mazhinji kana programmers.
Ndingati software yemahara iri ideology, nepo openource iri nzira yekusimudzira.
Ini ndinozviona ndiri pane yakavhurika sosi divi. Ini ndinotenda kuti rusununguko runofanira kunge ruripo kune mugadziri paanenge achisarudza nzira yekugovera kodhi yake, kana asingade kuigovana, haifanire kutorwa sechinhu chisina hunhu, asi asi iye anoda kuchengetedza basa rake pachivande nekutarisira. kuchengetedza software iye pachake.
Ndokumbirawo, kune ese makomendi: verenga zvakawanda nezveSL usati wataura nezvezvakakosha uye kuva wakasvinura-pfungwa. Hapana munhu anoisa pfuti pahuma yako kana anokuisa mutirongo nekuda kwekusashandisa mahara SW, asi nekutyora kodzero.
Zvisinei nekuti angave ani, CHESE chinhu chezvematongerwo enyika uye zvisarudzo zvedu, kunyangwe zvidiki sei, zvine mhedzisiro pamatanho ese.
SW nhasi inoiswa 'munzvimbo dzese dzehupenyu uye, zvirinani kana zvakaipa, ichapinda mukati mekudzika kwehukama hwedu: tine chokwadi here chekuti ticharega vamwe vachizvigadzira kana kubvisa mukana wekusiyira iwe? wechitatu kuongorora?
Ndakagara ndichifarira Open Source. Fundamentalism haifanire kuve chikamu chehupenyu hwemakomputa, uye Mahara Software inofanirwa kubva nguva nenguva "inofanirwa kudzikisa shanduko", uye kubvisa zvakanyanya fanatic zvekuti inogona kukonzeresa hupofu, kusvika pakushandisa YEMAHARA Mahara Software uye hapana chimwe chinopfuura SL!
Zvakwana zveFundamentalisms. Vakatiitira zvakaipa zvakawanda kuvanhu ...
Roberto, Nekutyora mitemo yekodzero havasi kuisa pfuti kumusoro wako futi. Zvino, kana iwe uri kutyora copyright uye vashanu vadiki, pamwe variko. Iwe unofanirwa kuve usinganyanyo nyanyisa muhupenyu, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza iwo akachena, nekuti hapana chinhu chiri 5% chakanaka kana chakaipa.
Roberto: iyo basicist chinhu (uye kana ... ndaifanira kusvetuka nekuti iwe wakazvitaura kwandiri) ndakazvitaura nekuti MUMafungiro angu (uye ipapo haupinde imomo kana chero mumwe munhu), pese pandinonzwa nezve Free Software, inoyambuka musoro wangu wepfungwa kuna Ricardito Stallman, uyo ane 2 kana 3 distros aanofarira, nekuti mamwe acho haasi 100% Mahara.
Pamwe ndinonzwa kurwadziwa kuti unoti isu tinofanira kuverenga zvakawanda. Ndiko kuti kana mumwe munhu akapinda muLXA, akasangana nechinyorwa ichi, anogona kupa maonero aanofarira (kugara achiremekedza vamwe uye achitaura nemimwe mitemo), asi achiisa pfuti mumusoro, ndinofunga unozviita nekubvunza kuti makomenti uve nechidimbu "kubatana" uye kuti isu tinoverenga chimwe chinhu chawakaverenga uye isu tisina.
Dzimwe nguva, iwe unofanirwa kugamuchira nenzira iyo vanhu vanoona uye vanofunga. Sekuziva kwangu, rusununguko rwechokwadi rwuri muku "kuziva kusarudza", uye kwete ZVESE kuva 100% yemahara uye "kutsakatisa" humambo hweMicrosoft (vazhinji vanotenda kuti inofanira kunge yakadaro), uye ini ndinodzokorora: MUMafungiro angu R .Stallman (wandisingazive) anodzivirira zvinhu izvi: 100% Mahara Software.
Ndinovimba unoremekedza maonero angu uye nzira yangu yekuona zvinhu, uye ndinokumbira ruregerero pamaonero angu ndisina kuverenga zvauri.
Kwaziso huru.
Nekuda kwekutyorwa kwekopiraiti, havanongedze pfuti kumunhu .. Nekuti kazhinji avo vane matare aya vakadzikama zvakakwana kuti vasatize kana kuedza kutiza .. Dai vakadaro, sekunge kwave nezviitiko, vashoma asi ivo Vapa , iwe unosvika kune izvo zviito .. Iyo ichiri mhosva, kwete yakakomba sekufa kwemumwe munhu, asi imhosva.
Iyi inyaya INOKOSHA kwete chete nekuti inotinetsa isu se linuxers asi nekuti iine icho chichava chisarudzo chinozoshandura makuru maindasitiri esoftware kana vanhu vakadzidza kukoshesa izvi, zvinhu zvinozochinja zvakanyanya.
Nekudaro, ini ndinotenda kuti kufunga kwaStallman kwakanyanyisa, semuenzaniso pfungwa yake yekopyleft inodzvinyirira seiya yekodzero uye haitenderi shanduko iri nyore kumakambani, chinhu chakakosha pari zvino kugarisana pakati pekushandisa uye yakavhurika sosi yekushandisa uye wobva watora kukwakuka kukuru.
Asi izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinofanirwa kupihwa rezinesi nesoftware yeramangwana.
Izvo zvinoda kuziva, kuti vanhu vangani vanotendeuka kuti vadzivirire yakavhurika sosi, asi kuti tinzwisise mutsauko uripo pakati peMahara Software uye Vhura Sosi Software, isu tinofanirwa kuzviisa kudivi remushandisi mushandisi (ruzhinji pano ini ndinofunga tiri). Kana tangoona kuti isu tiri vashandisi, isu tinonzwisisa kuti chakanakisa chinhu chingaitika kwatiri ndechekuti software ndeye mahara, nekuti yakavhurwa sosi inongova chiratidzo cheavo vanogadzira software uye vanowana mari nayo, kazhinji makambani makuru.
Nesoftware yemahara, vashandisi vayo havazomborasa zvakanakira yakavhurwa sosi, nekuti nehunyanzvi software yese yemahara inowira muchikamu cheyakavhurwa sosi software, asi zvinopesana hazvisizvo.
Ndinokurudzira kuti iwe uverenge bhuku "Mahara Software reFree Society" rakanyorwa naRichard M. Stallman, pamwe iwe unozonzwisisa iyo yemahara software kufamba.
http://biblioweb.sindominio.net/pensamiento/softlibre/
Ah! Chimwe chinhu chakakosha, pane kukanganisa mune chinyorwa, uko kwachinoti:
"Marezinesi anotenderwa neFree Software Foundation haabvumidze kuti software kodhi ivharwe zvakare."
Zvakanaka, kunewo marezinesi, uye anoonekwa semahara, ayo anotendera kuvhara kodhi yekodhi, senge yakashandurwa rezenisi reBSD, iro rinonyanya kushandiswa mu * BSD masisitimu, ayo Apple akashandisa kugadzira yayo Mac OS X system yakavakirwa paFreeBSD tsanga.
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.es.html#SoftwareLicenses
@ 123: Wako wekupedzisira kutaura wakaenda kune spam, asi ini ndatozvidzorera.
Mumutongo mumwe chete iwoyu ndaida kutaura zvawataura.Pane iro peji raunodudza, iyo FSF inoratidza marezinesi ese ayo copyleft software inogona kushanda zviri pamutemo kuti irambe yakadaro, izvo hazvireve kuti ivo vari kune kuravira kweiyo FSF. Ivo vari kutaura ipapo kubva kuhurongwa hwepamutemo.
Thanks.
Vhura sosi vanhu vanoda software kuti vashande nechero tsika. Ivo havana basa kana zvichikuvadza Rusununguko rwevanhu. Izvo zvinotarisisa pane izvi ndeyekuti makambani anogona kuwana purofiti yakakura uye kuti mahunyanzvi ane zvakawanda zvekubhadhara.
Yemahara software inogara iine hunhu kuti basa riitwe. Iyi ndiyo tsananguro iri nani yemisiyano.
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.es.html
Makorokoto pachinyorwa ichi, chakanakisa.
Zvakanaka mune yakavhurwa sosi isu tinenge tichitaura nezveyemakambani linux kernel izere neyemabhodhi emabhubhu ayo anogamuchira iyo GPL3 (General Public License 3) neayo ese akavhurwa sosi distros anoita revo.
Asi kune rimwe divi kune Linux-yakasununguka:http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux-libre
iyo (isina chero yemhando yemabhizimusi brand) iyo 100% Yemahara Software madhisheni akaumbika akaumbwa: http://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.es.html (Pakati pawo Trisquel 4.0.1 'taranis' inomira kuve yepamusoro. http://trisquel.info/es/download), zvakanaka semuenzaniso isu tine iwo akakomborerwa distros seakakosha uye akazara sechero ipi yepamhepo yakavhurwa sosi ubuntu, debian, kuvhuraSUSE, nezvimwe.
Ehezve, mutsauko uripo pakati pemahara software uye yakavhurika sosi yezvinhu, zvakanyanya zvekuti zvirongwa zvese zviri mu firmware uye mune zvekushandisa nemaraibhurari (uye hapana chirongwa chepropeti chinoshandiswa pasirese yepasi rose webhu) ye100% yemahara inoshanda sisitimu dzivisa zvese software izvo zvisina kusununguka zvachose pasi peGPL uye GPL2.
Chokwadi vadziviriri veyakavhurwa sosi vanozobuda vachiti "zvakanaka kana iwe uchida kusununguka, semuenzaniso, debian svina kuisa linux-libre uye ndizvozvo, ndeye mahara software" asi panenge pachine mukana wekuwedzera zvitoro zvekuchengetedza kumanyuko .list faira Izvi ndezve chero chero yakavhurwa sosi distro. Kune rimwe divi, kana iwe uchida kuwedzera repositori kune zvinyorwa.list faira re gNewSense kana UTUTU kana Dragora (semuenzaniso), paunogadziridza dhatabhesi mune terminal unenge uine meseji: 'raira haina kuwanikwa' nekuti ivo HAVANOBVIRA dzimba dzekuchengetedza zana 100% Mahara distros.